Deck 4: Socialization

Question 1

According to George Herbert Mead, we acquire a sense of self:

A) through the "looking-glass" process.
B) when we learn to take the role of the other.
C) when we differentiate ourselves from our parents.
D) when we can think abstractly.
E) when we evaluate ourselves in a positive way.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Jane has just met Henry. She perceives that Henry finds her witty and has decided that Henry likes witty women. This favourable interpretation gives Jane a positive feeling about herself. This is an example of .

A) resocialization
B) "taking the role of significant others"
C) assimilation
D) socialization
E) the "looking-glass self"

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Bourdieu's concept of describes how men and women develop a set of skills and a way of looking at the world that, instead of challenging, actually reflects the social hierarchies that they inhabit.

A) habitus
B) superego
C) xenophobia
D) personal identity kit
E) gender roles

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Studies of isolated and institutionalized children point out the importance of in acquiring the basic "human" traits we take for granted.

A) biological factors
B) education
C) nutrition
D) intimate early human contact
E) discipline

Question 5

Tom's father and mother are important influences on Tom's life. Mead would use the term to refer to Tom's mother and father.

A) reference group
B) parental group
C) significant others
D) familial group
E) generalized others

Question 6

is the belief that the way we act reflects in-built biological traits such as the need to reproduce and the need to survive.

A) Socialization
B) Biological determinism
C) Habitus
D) Instinct socialization
E) Individuation

Question 7

According to Charles Horton Cooley, we develop when we interact with others.

A) our personality
B) our biological potential
C) a concept of self
D) self-discipline
E) self-esteem

Question 8

A metaphor Mead used to illustrate the idea of the "generalized other" was:

A) an onion.
B) a feral child.
C) baseball.
D) an electrical circuit.
E) a battery.

Question 9

is the process by which we learn the beliefs, values, and emotions of our particular society.

A) Self-actualization
B) Self-conceptualization
C) Resocialization
D) Socialization
E) Self-assimilation

Question 10

Harriet is 2 1/2 years old. Her mother is dusting the living room furniture. Harriet picks up a towel and starts to dust the coffee table. According to Mead's theory, she is in the stage.

A) game
B) generalized
C) assimilation
D) play
E) imitation

Question 11

allows for interplay between the environment (and other factors) and the expression of genetic information.a. Biology

A) Nurture
B) Nature
C) Epigenetics
D) Culture

Question 12

argued that gender socialization takes place through often unconscious and symbolic learning.

A) George Herbert Mead
B) Erving Goffman
C) Marlene Mackie
D) Pierre Bourdieu
E) Sigmund Freud

Question 13

Juanita is 4 years old. She loves dressing up in her mother's clothes and pretends to go shopping with her friend. She talks to her friends about her life as a mother with a little girl. According to Mead's theory, Juanita is in the stage.

A) preconventional
B) imitation
C) play
D) preoperational
E) sensorimotor

Question 14

Unless children , they will not develop into social adults.

A) join groups such as the Boy/Girl Scouts
B) are surrounded by people who care for them
C) are resocialized as they enter the adolescent years
D) pass through the four stages of cognitive development
E) learn to be independent

Question 15

This person suggested that to become human beings we must interact with one another, and this interaction is premised on a shared set of symbols (typically, language).

A) Charles Horton Cooley
B) Erving Goffman
C) George Herbert Mead
D) Marlene Mackie
E) Michel Foucault

Question 16

The refers to the norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of "the group as a whole."

A) objective self
B) generalized other
C) significant other
D) reference group
E) group esteem

Question 17

Erving Goffman coined this term to refer to a place where people are cut off from the rest of society and come under almost total control of those who run the place.

A) Complete institution
B) The habitus
C) Panoptical
D) Austere institution
E) Total institution

Question 18

believed that personality is composed of three elements: the id, ego, and superego.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) George Herbert Mead
C) Marlene Mackie
D) Jean Piaget
E) Charles Horton Cooley

Question 19

is the term Charles Horton Cooley coined to describe the process by which we develop a sense of self.

A) Looking-glass self
B) Visualized-self
C) Taking the role of the "other"
D) Self-actualization
E) Self-conceptualization

Question 20

Many sociologists would disagree with Freud because:

A) he placed too much emphasis on the superego.
B) he stressed inborn instincts rather than social factors in development.
C) the human personality is composed of four not three parts.
D) the superego is not superior to the ego.
E) his behaviourist theory did not account for the unconscious mind.

Question 21

The Smiths are going Christmas shopping for their two children, Dick and Jane. They plan to buy Dick a Tonka truck and Jane a Barbie doll. Their selection of toys for their children is an example of by parents.

A) childhood socialization
B) spoiling children
C) gender socialization
D) stereotypic threat
E) resocialization

Question 22

Around the world, the first group to have a major impact on humans is:

A) day care.
B) family.
C) church.
D) school.
E) business.

Question 23

According to Canadian-born sociologist Erving Goffman, the family is:

A) a social structure in need of defending.
B) a deteriorating social institution.
C) the last defense against the corrupting influence of media.
D) the site of unconscious sexual dynamics.
E) a "socialization depot."

Question 24

Symbolic interactionists, such as Cooley and Mead, saw the development of self as a process wherein:

A) we interpret others' reactions to us.
B) we develop feelings and ideas about ourselves.
C) we imagine how we appear to those around us.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.

Question 25

The people that influence our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviours are called:

A) significant others.
B) peer agents.
C) secondary groups.
D) reference groups.
E) agents of socialization.

Question 26

In light of growing public awareness, new television images of masculinity are more likely to portray men .

A) caring for an infant
B) as expressing themselves emotionally and more frequently than women
C) cooking
D) in roles without any restriction
E) washing dishes

Question 27

In Freud's theory, the represents the culture within us, the norms and values we internalize from our social groups.

A) id
B) moral
C) libido
D) superego
E) ego

Question 28

The "hidden curriculum" in Canadian schools has been found to promote:

A) gender equality.
B) gender, class, and racial inequality.
C) shared values.
D) value consensus.
E) social values.

Question 29

In 2010, only 17 percent of Canadians described themselves as smokers, with of men and of women still indulging.

A) 61 percent; 38 percent
B) 30 percent; 23 percent
C) 35 percent; 17 percent
D) 45 percent; 25 percent
E) 20 percent; 14 percent

Question 30

The television program Sex and the City may suggest the possibility of a new, empowered female role. Carrie, Miranda, Charlotte, and Samantha are portrayed as leading adventurous, independent lives in a manner that is in sharp contrast to early embodiments of single women on television, such as in The Mary Tyler Moore Show. However, these gender messages are .

A) ethnocentric
B) hegemonic
C) embedded in traditional notions of heterosocialization and female sexualityd. gender stereotypes
E) anti-male

Question 31

Although our sense of self begins in childhood, its development is:

A) terminated in the teens.
B) an ongoing, lifelong process.
C) ceases at middle age.
D) completed by age 13.
E) terminated at adulthood.

Question 32

Researchers argue that old-fashioned, masculine socialization-as conveyed by the media, sports, religion, peers, and teachers-placed many boys at a disadvantage in .

A) familial relationships
B) education, employment, and social life in general
C) being able to bond over similar socialization experiences
D) parenting
E) being well suited for equalitarian partnerships

Question 33

In choosing toys, clothing, and hair styles for their children, parents:

A) encourage both boys and girls to be androgynous.
B) tend to no longer hold gender stereotypic views.
C) do not have as much impact on their children as they might think.
D) unwittingly establish a solid foundation for gender roles.
E) encourage girls to be androgynous and boys to be masculine.

Question 34

According to Freud, the is that part of our personality that is pleasure- seeking.

A) superego
B) animal self
C) ego
D) id
E) social self

Question 35

In Mead's interactionist frame of reference, he distinguishes between the "I" and the "me." Which of the following statements is not true?

A) The "I" is the self as subject.
B) The "I" is the creative agent.
C) "I" is the passive agent.
D) The "me" is the self as object.
E) The individual is not only a "me" like a computerized robot passively absorbing the responses of others.

Question 36

Contemporary studies of gender socialization show that there are:

A) only limited amounts of evidence to support a decline in parental influence.
B) still differences, but only in the education sector.
C) no longer any differences in how boys and girls are socialized.
D) many dimensions to the socialization experience such as social class, race, and ethnicity.
E) remarkable similarities in the socialization experience regardless of other factors.

Question 37

Research indicates that mothers engage in with their little girls and expect from them than from boys.

A) more conversation; more responsiveness
B) more responsiveness; more conversation
C) less conversation; less responsiveness
D) less responsiveness; less conversation
E) less responsiveness; more conversation

Question 38

According to George Herbert Mead, when a child is in the stage of "learning to take the role of the other," he or she can take on multiple roles.

A) concrete operational
B) game
C) formal operational
D) play
E) imitation/preparatory

Question 39

Many sociologists believe that are key to understanding human behaviour.

A) unconscious motivations
B) societal and cultural forces
C) inborn motivations
D) biological drives
E) cognitive factors

Question 40

The classic formulation of family socialization as a training ground which ensures that children fit the social order is considered a core part of:

A) McLuhan's "global village."
B) Parsonian structural functionalism.
C) Meadian familial dynamics.
D) Freudian behavioural analysis.
E) Goffman's dramaturgic matrix.

Question 41

According to Mead, in the play stage children can take on multiple roles.

Question 42

According to C.H. Cooley, our sense of self forms through "the looking-glass" process.

Question 43

Getting in touch with your "inner ape" is an example of sociobiological thinking.

Question 44

Mead concluded that both the self and the human mind are social products.

Question 45

Jennifer is majoring in social work at college. Last summer she had an internship with Social Services in her hometown. After her internship, she has decided she liked the rewards of being a social worker. In her internship, Jennifer was involved in the process of:

A) anticipatory socialization.
B) socialization.
C) developing a self-concept.
D) resocialization.
E) participatory socialization

Question 46

is the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviours.

A) Resocialization
B) Accommodation
C) The "looking-glass self"
D) Anticipatory socialization
E) Socialization

Question 47

During midlife, many people find themselves caring not only for their own children, but also for their aging parents. Because of this they are sometimes referred to as:

A) baby boomers.
B) the "sandwich generation."
C) "boomerang kids."
D) generation X.
E) the old folks.

Question 48

Like animals, humans can rely on instincts to take the place of language.

Question 49

Mead's term, the "generalized other" refers to the ability to see the self as an object.

Question 50

It appears that language and human bonding must occur during childhood for humans to develop high intelligence and have the ability to be sociable and follow certain social norms.

Question 51

Canadian sociologist Marlene Mackie utilized the three-part model of _ to explain how we learn our gender roles.

A) Freud
B) Mead
C) McLuhan
D) Goffman
E) Piaget

Question 52

People who are over 65, in good health, and continuing to be active in rewarding social activities:

A) are unlikely to see themselves as old.
B) feel that death is an abstract thing "out there."
C) view themselves as too old to engage in work.
D) begin to disengage from social relationships.
E) begin to disengage from social responsibilities.

Question 53

The development of our sense of self is complete by the time we reach adulthood.

Question 54

A person entering a total institution is greeted with a[n] , an attempt to remake the self by stripping away the individual's current identity and putting a new one in its place.

A) learning conformity
B) degradation ceremony
C) anticipatory socialization
D) individuation ritual
E) ban to a personal identity kit

Question 55

As children enter school, become very important in influencing their behaviours.

A) secondary groups
B) religious leaders
C) athletic coaches
D) teachers and counsellors
E) peer groups

Question 56

Mead concluded that play is a critical element in the development of a self.

Question 57

The majority of Canadian children spend an average of a week in one of the following: day care, the care of a non-relative, or the care of relatives inside or outside the home.a. 12 hours

A) 18 hours
B) 20 hours
C) 29 hours
D) 33 hours

Question 58

The term is used to describe the series of socially constructed stages that we pass through as we proceed from birth to death.

A) biography
B) life cycle
C) life history
D) life course
E) evolutionary cycle

Question 59

Socialization is the process by which we learn the attitudes, values, and actions that our group thinks is appropriate for us.

Question 60

The beginning of the last stage, the later older years, is:

A) at 65
B) at 75.
C) at 85.
D) at 95.
E) There is no precise beginning point.

Question 61

Even with the current variability in quality and problems of accessibility, some argue that day care tends to benefit Canadian society.

Question 62

A degradation ceremony occurs when an institution attempts to strip away a person's self-identity and replace it with a new identity.

Question 63

Research with children deprived of almost all human contact suggests that our biological makeup sets time limits on our abilities to acquire language and make connections to others.

Question 64

Programs such as Keeping Up with the Kardashians and The Real Housewives of Vancouver, which focus on voluptuous, toned women, leave many young girls feeling profoundly inadequate and unattractive. This pattern is also supported through research into the gendered discourses of music videos.

Question 65

If society did not provide symbols, we would not be able to interact with other human beings.

Question 66

For preteens and teens, the standards of their peer groups tend to dominate their lives.

Question 67

According to Freud, the ego balances the conflicting demands of the id and the superego.

Question 68

Surprisingly, most television programs and commercials do make an effort to present women in non-sexist terms.

Question 69

Considerable evidence documents that there are health risks linked to tobacco smoking and yet young men and women the world over become smokers.

Question 70

Sigmund Freud was criticized for stressing social influences over inborn drives in the development of the personality.

Question 71

According to Philippe Aries, in 15th century European societies, children were considered miniature adults.

Question 72

Religion plays an insignificant role in the socialization of many Canadians.

Question 73

Recent scientific research indicates that animals use tools, are capable of using symbols, and, in fact, can be taught limited spoken language.

Question 74

Convents and prisons are examples of total institutions.

Question 75

Your text defines gender roles as the behaviours socially defined as appropriate for each sex.

Question 76

Television has successfully eliminated gender stereotypes.

Question 77

Smoking is a habit that, while it is biologically reinforced through physical addiction, must first be learned.

Question 78

Looking into the historical past, beating children used to be the norm, both at school and at home.

Question 79

Smoking is an inborn drive.

Question 80

The term "life course" refers to socially constructed stages in life that occur in a particular and necessary sequence.