Deck 16: Fire Streams Firefighter II

Question 1

High-expansion foam is typically used for:

A) wildland and brush fires.
B) rolling on to liquid fuel fires.
C) suppressing vapors from hazardous materials spills.
D) confined spaces such as mines and shipboard compartments.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

When applied to solid fuels, Class A foam blankets the fuel, controls flames, then:

A) changes the pH of the water.
B) expands at a ratio of 20-to-1.
C) dissipates into the air, leaving no residue.
D) breaks down, releasing water to cool the fuel.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Factors to consider in selecting a foam proportioner include solution flow requirements, intended use, and:

A) stage of the fire.
B) available water pressure.
C) length of the discharge hose.
D) proximity to bodies of water.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following statements about foam proportioning is MOST accurate?

A) Most Class A foams are mixed in proportions of 3 to 6 percent.
B) Most Class B foams are mixed in proportions of 1 percent or less.
C) Mixing Class A foam at a higher recommended percentage results in a thick, dry foam.
D) The percentage rate for proportioning foam is determined by the authority having jurisdiction.

Question 5

Class B foams are especially effective on:

A) wildland and brush fires.
B) unignited hazardous liquids.
C) fires of ordinary combustibles.
D) hydrocarbon fuels and polar solvents.

Question 6

Class A foam extinguishes and/or prevents ignition by:

A) allowing water to penetrate fuels.
B) creating a barrier between the fuel and the fire.
C) preventing air from reaching the fuel or mixing with vapors.
D) lowering the temperature of the fuel and adjacent surfaces.

Question 7

The degree of foam expansion depends on the type of foam concentrate, accurate proportioning, quality of the foam concentrate and:

A) method of aeration.
B) outside air temperature.
C) length of discharge hose.
D) wind direction and velocity.

Question 8

Which classification of foam is used to suppress vapors from hazardous materials spills?

A) Low-expansion foam
B) High-expansion foam
C) Medium-expansion foam
D) Minimal-expansion foam

Question 9

Which foams are required to extinguish fires of ethanol or ethanol-based fuels?

A) Class A foams
B) Synthetic foams
C) Protein-based foams
D) Alcohol-resistant foams

Question 10

Why are specialized foams designed solely for use on unignited spills of hazardous liquids?

A) The roll-on method is ineffective for hazardous liquids.
B) A thick, viscous foam can form a heat-resistant blanket over burning liquid
Surfaces.
C) The US Department of Agriculture Forest Service requires specialized foams for hazardous materials.
D) Unignited chemicals tend to change the pH of water or remove the water from fire fighting foam, making the foam ineffective.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about Class A foam concentrates is MOST accurate?

A) Class A foam is used for structural fires, but is not suitable for wildland fires.
B) Class A foam is used to prevent ignition of fires involving flammable and combustible liquids.
C) Class A foam reduces the surface tension of water, allowing better water penetration into the fuel.
D) Class A foam concentrate coats and protects application equipment; equipment should not be flushed after use.

Question 12

Flammable liquids that mix readily with water are:

A) polar solvents.
B) viscous liquids.
C) fluorosurfactants.
D) hydrocarbon fuels.

Question 13

Multipurpose Class B foams are normally mixed at a 6 percent rate when:

A) applied to polar solvents.
B) applied to hydrocarbon fuels.
C) thinner (wetter) foam is desired.
D) fuel is burning near a body of water.

Question 14

Most foam concentrates are intended to be mixed with percent water.

A) 0.1 to 6.0
B) 10 to 25.5
C) 40.5 to 50
D) 94 to 99

Question 15

Foam lowers surface tension of water, allowing it to fires in Class A materials.

A) cool
B) smother
C) suppress
D) penetrate

Question 16

Which of the following statements about foam concentrates is MOST accurate?

A) A foam blanket is of little benefit on unignited fuels.
B) Foam application rates are different for each type of polar solvent.
C) The minimum rate of application will be marked on the foam concentrate container.
D) Foam should be applied in short bursts, with the operator pausing to observe its effect on the fire.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about fire fighting foams is MOST accurate?

A) Proper aeration produces bubbles in a variety of sizes.
B) Air is added to the foam solution by chemical reaction.
C) Air is added to the foam solution by mechanical agitation.
D) When foam bubbles dissipate, no foam remains on the surface of the fuel.

Question 18

Which Class B foams are made from a mixture of fluorosurfactants?

A) Synthetic foams
B) Specialized foams
C) Protein-based foams
D) Alcohol-resistant foams

Question 19

Which of the following statements about fire fighting foams is MOST accurate?

A) The majority of fire fighting foams are Class A and Class K.
B) Class A foam is especially effective on hydrocarbon fuels and polar solvents.
C) Foam works by forming a blanket of foam on the surface of burning liquid and solid fuels.
D) Foam works by increasing the surface tension of water, making fire streams more cohesive to reach a greater distance.

Question 20

Which action of fire fighting foam creates a barrier between the fuel and the fire?

A) Cooling
B) Aerating
C) Separating
D) Penetrating

Question 21

Which of the following statements about finished foam in the environment is MOST accurate?

A) Generally, protein-based foams are a greater environmental hazard than other types of foam.
B) Manufacturers' safety data sheets (SDS) do not contain environmental impact information.
C) In a body of water, decomposing foam can reduce oxygen available to fish and other aquatic creatures.
D) In the United States, Class A foams should be approved by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for environmental safety.

Question 22

In which application method does the operator direct the foam stream onto an elevated object, allowing the foam to run down and onto the surface of the fuel?

A) Roll-on method
B) Rain down method
C) Total-flood method
D) Bank-down method

Question 23

Which of the following statements about foam hazards is MOST accurate?

A) Never flush foam concentrates from exposed skin.
B) Some foam concentrates and their vapors may be harmful if inhaled.
C) There is no need to flush or wash equipment that has been used to apply foam.
D) Most Class A and Class B foams act to lubricate and preserve pumps, eductors, and other equipment.

Question 24

Installed in-line eductors, around-the-pump proportioners, and balanced pressure proportioners are examples of:

A) portable foam proportioners.
B) master stream delivery devices.
C) apparatus-mounted proportioners.
D) compressed air foam systems (CAFS).

Question 25

Which of the following statements about compressed air foam systems (CAFS) is MOST accurate?

A) An air-aspirating nozzle adds air to the foam solution.
B) There is little to no nozzle reaction when using CAFS.
C) Foam produced by CAFS adheres well to vertical surfaces.
D) Hoselines filled with CAFS are heavier than those filled with water only.

Question 26

Which of the following proportioning methods depends on the Venturi Principle to draw foam through a hose connected to the foam concentrate container and into the water stream?

A) Injection
B) Eduction
C) Premixing
D) Batch-mixing

Question 27

Which of the following is used only on a pool of ignited or unignited fuel on open ground?

A) Roll-on method
B) Rain down method
C) Total-flood method
D) Bank-down method

Question 28

The proportioning method which uses an external pump or head pressure to force foam concentrate into the fire stream is:

A) injection.
B) eduction.
C) premixing.
D) batch-mixing.

Question 29

Which of the following is the primary application technique used on aboveground storage tank fires?

A) Roll-on method
B) Rain down method
C) Total-flood method
D) Bank-down method

Question 30

Which of the following foam proportioners may compromise firefighter safety since it is difficult to quickly relocate the components?

A) In-line foam eductor
B) Foam nozzle eductor
C) Around-the-pump proportioner
D) Compressed air foam system (CAFS)

Question 31

Air-aspirating nozzles must be used with:

A) high-expansion foams.
B) aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF).
C) compressed air foam systems (CAFS).
D) protein and flouoroprotein concentrates.

Question 32

When using an in-line eductor, which of the following might cause foam concentrations to be too lean?

A) Solid agent stick too cold to dissolve effectively.
B) Air compressor filter clogged, dirty, or water-soaked
C) Too little hose between eductor and discharge nozzle
D) Foam concentrate inlet too far above surface of foam concentrate

Question 33

Which of the following foam generators produces foam by pumping foam solution through the nozzle in a fine spray?

A) Fog nozzle
B) Air-aspirating type nozzle
C) Water-aspirating type nozzle
D) Mechanical blower generator

Question 34

Which of the following proportioning methods makes it difficult to refill an apparatus water tank due to excessive bubbling from residual foam solution?

A) Injection
B) Eduction
C) Premixing
D) Batch-mixing

Question 35

A common reason for generating poor-quality foam is:

A) equipment is older than five years.
B) eductor and nozzle flow ratings match.
C) nozzle remains fully open during the process.
D) mixing different types of foam concentrate in the same tank.

Question 36

Poor-quality foam may result from:

A) high pressure in the supply line.
B) a short hose lay on the discharge side.
C) air leaks at fittings causing a loss of suction.
D) the nozzle being located too far below the eductor.

Question 37

Which of the following statements about foam proportioners and delivery systems is MOST accurate?

A) The foam proportioner adds air into the foam solution to produce finished foam.
B) The foam proportioner and delivery system must be compatible to produce usable foam.
C) Either a foam proportioner or a foam generating system is needed to produce a foam fire stream.
D) The foam-generating system introduces the appropriate amount of foam concentrate into the water to form foam solution.

Question 38

Which of the following foam generators is typically associated with total-flooding applications?

A) Fog nozzle
B) Air-aspirating type nozzle
C) Water-aspirating type nozzle
D) Mechanical blower generator

Question 39

Because the foam solution goes through the pump, the proportioning method may cause the pump to require additional maintenance.

A) injection
B) eduction
C) premixing
D) batch-mixing

Question 40

Which of the following statements about foam delivery devices is MOST accurate?

A) Smooth bore nozzles are used only with Class B foam.
B) Solid agent foam concentrates may be used on Class A fires only.
C) Fog nozzles use an apparatus-mounted air compressor to generate foam.
D) Air-aspirating foam nozzles are the most effective appliance for generation of low-expansion foam.

Question 41

The loss of water pressure in a hoseline is the most common example of:

A) breakover.
B) friction loss.
C) vaporization.
D) water hammer.

Question 42

A fire stream is a stream of water or extinguishing agent after it:

A) is fully vaporized by the heat of the fire.
B) comes in contact with the desired target.
C) is pressurized by the pump and passes into the fire hose.
D) leaves the fire hose nozzle until it reaches the desired target.

Question 43

Friction loss may be overcome by:

A) curving the hoseline.
B) decreasing hose size.
C) increasing pump pressure.
D) inserting in-line gauges in the layout.

Question 44

As water is vaporized into steam, it expands approximately its original volume.

A) 700 times
B) 1,000 times
C) 1,700 times
D) 2,200 times

Question 45

Which statement about water streams is MOST accurate?

A) Water in a solid stream absorbs heat more rapidly.
B) A solid stream has greater surface area to absorb heat.
C) A stream broken into small droplets has a greater surface area.
D) A stream broken into small droplets absorbs heat less efficiently.

Question 46

To prevent water hammer:

A) use ball valve controls.
B) bleed air from hoselines.
C) flush debris from nozzles.
D) close control valves slowly.

Question 47

Characteristics of water that make it valuable for fire extinguishment include:

A) low coefficient of friction.
B) a single application method.
C) a greater heat-absorbing capacity than other agents.
D) an ability to change to steam with little energy required.

Question 48

Which of the following statements about fire streams is MOST accurate?

A) The type of nozzle determines the critical flow rate.
B) The relief valve influences the reach of a fire stream.
C) Hydrant pressure determines the shape of the fire stream.
D) The size of the nozzle opening and the nozzle pressure determine the quantity of water flowing from the nozzle.

Question 49

Fire stream pattern types are defined by the specific pattern or shape of the water after it leaves the nozzle and the size of the:

A) type of apparatus generating the nozzle pressure.
B) volume of water flowing from the nozzle per minute.
C) water source that is used for the specific fire stream.
D) specific type of fuel that the fire stream is being used on.

Question 50

Which of the following statements about water hammer is MOST accurate?

A) The effects of water hammer are greater at lower flow rates.
B) Water hammer is caused by air and turbulence in hose lines.
C) Water hammer creates a startling noise, but no real damage.
D) Water hammer can damage water mains, plumbing, fire hose, hydrants, and fire pumps.

Question 51

The energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree is called:

A) Specific Heat.
B) British Thermal Unit (Joule).
C) Latent Heat of Vaporization.
D) Standard International Heat Unit.

Question 52

Which size fire stream flows 40 to 350 gpm (160 L/min to 1 400 L/min)?

A) Master stream
B) Handline stream
C) Low-volume stream
D) High-volume stream

Question 53

Which of the following is a factor that may affect a fire stream?

A) Steam conversion rate
B) Location of control zones
C) Compartment temperature
D) Wind direction and velocity

Question 54

Which of the following BEST describes the rate of discharge of a low-volume stream?

A) Less than 40 gpm (160 L/m)
B) 40 to 350 gpm (160 L/m to 1 400 L/m)
C) 100 to 250 gpm (380 L/m to 950 L/m)
D) More than 350 gpm (1 400 L/min)

Question 55

Latent Heat of Vaporization is:

A) the temperature at which a substance turns to steam.
B) the temperature at which the rate of vaporization begins to decrease.
C) the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree.
D) the amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of a liquid into a vapor without temperature change.

Question 56

Which of the following statements about water pressure is MOST accurate?

A) Gravity has little effect on nozzle pressure.
B) If the nozzle is above the fire pump, nozzle pressure is decreased.
C) If the nozzle is below the fire pump, nozzle pressure is decreased.
D) Adjusting pump pressure has little effect in overcoming elevation loss/gain.

Question 57

Which of the following BEST describes a use of a fire stream?

A) Scattering heavy weight fuel loads
B) Dispersing hot smoke and fire gases from a heated area
C) Creating a protective curtain between bystanders and fire personnel
D) Pressure-washing soot and debris from apparatus and equipment

Question 58

The primary way water extinguishes fire is by:

A) absorbing heat.
B) excluding oxygen.
C) saturating dry fuel.
D) neutralizing the chemical reaction.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about friction loss is MOST accurate?

A) Friction increases pressure at the nozzle.
B) The larger the hose, the higher the friction loss.
C) Friction has little effect on the rate of water flow.
D) The longer the hose lay, the higher the friction loss.

Question 60

Which of the following statements about vaporization and steam is MOST accurate?

A) Steam produced in the upper layer of hot smoke and fire gases may cause the upper layer to expand downward.
B) Steam produced on contact with hot surfaces is more likely to result in complete vaporization of the fire stream.
C) Steam produced in the upper layer of hot smoke and fire gases will cause the upper layer to contract toward the ceiling.
D) Steam produced on contact with hot surfaces has little effect on the total volume of the upper layer of hot smoke and fire gases.

Question 61

Which of the following hoseline sizes are used to supply a handline stream?

A) 1 - to 3-inch (38 mm to 77 mm) hoselines
B) 2 - to 3-inch (65 mm to 77 mm) hoselines
C) 3 - to 5-inch (88 mm to 125 mm) hoselines
D)1/2 -inch (20 mm), 1-inch (25 mm), or 1-inch (38 mm) hoselines

Question 62

Which of the following fire stream patterns is usually produced by a fog nozzle?

A) Solid stream
B) Cellar stream
C) Broken-stream
D) Straight stream

Question 63

Which statement about broken-streams is MOST accurate?

A) A broken-stream has less reach and penetration than a fog- stream.
B) Broken-streams may have sufficient continuity to conduct electricity.
C) The effects of a broken-stream cannot be created by another stream type.
D) Coarse droplets absorb less heat per gallon (liter) than a solid stream does.

Question 64

Which stream is created by apparatus-mounted appliances?

A) Master stream
B) Handline stream
C) Low-volume stream
D) High-volume stream

Question 65

Which statement about fire stream limiting factors is MOST accurate?

A) Gravity causes fire streams to separate and lose shape.
B) Surface tension can cause fire streams to overshoot the target.
C) Friction with air has greater effect on solid streams than on fog- streams.
D) Fire streams have an effective forward velocity of 40 to 60 feet per second (12.2 to 18.3 meters per second).

Question 66

Which of the following fire stream patterns can be used for hydraulic ventilation?

A) Fog-stream
B) Solid stream
C) Broken-stream
D) Straight stream

Question 67

Which of the following statements about fog-streams is MOST accurate?

A) Fog-streams may be used to cool the hot fire gas layer.
B) Fog-streams have the greatest reach of all fire streams.
C) Fog-streams are less affected by wind than are other streams.
D) Fog-steams have greater reach and penetration than broken-streams.

Question 68

How may gravity, friction of air, and wind act on a solid fire stream?

A) They may alter the rate of vaporization.
B) They may decrease the reach of the stream.
C) They may make the stream more conductive to electricity.
D) They may cause the steam to remain compact for too long.

Question 69

Which of the following nozzle categories was established by NFPA1963, Standard for Fire Hose Connections?

A) Bresnan
B) Piercing
C) Rockwood
D) Straight tip

Question 70

Which of the following statements about fire streams is MOST accurate?

A) Solid streams are more likely to conduct electricity.
B) Fog-streams are less affected by wind than are solid streams.
C) Broken-streams have less reach and penetration than fog- streams.
D) Wide angle fog patterns have the greater forward velocity than other patterns.

Question 71

Additional personnel will be required to safely handle smooth bore nozzles at nozzle pressures greater than:

A) 50 psi (350 kPa).
B) 65 psi (450 kPa).
C) 75 psi (525 kPa).
D) 100 psi (700 kPa).

Question 72

Which of the following statements about fire stream types is MOST accurate?

A) The pattern type must be correctly matched to the pattern size.
B) The pattern must supply at least 50 percent of the critical flow rate.
C) The pattern must be compact enough for the water to reach the burning material.
D) The pattern must maintain its shape at least 50 percent of the reach of the fire stream.

Question 73

Which of the following fire stream patterns produces less steam conversion and less heat absorption per gallon (liter)?

A) Fog-stream
B) Solid stream
C) Broken-stream
D) Straight stream

Question 74

Which fire stream pattern is produced by a fixed orifice, smooth bore nozzle?

A) Fog-stream
B) Solid stream
C) Broken-stream
D) Straight stream

Question 75

Which of the following statements about fire steam nozzles is most accurate?

A) Fog nozzles do little to shape the fire stream.
B) Smooth bore and fog nozzles are used only on handlines.
C) Broken-stream delivery devices are used to apply water in confined spaces.
D) Smooth bore nozzles are designed to give water a fan shape before discharge.

Question 76

Which of the following BEST describes a fog-stream?

A) A semi-solid stream
B) A compact stream with little shower or spray
C) A fine spray composed of tiny water droplets
D) A fire stream broken into coarsely divided droplets

Question 77

Which of the following stream patterns is used to extinguish fires in attics, cocklofts, basements, and other confined spaces?

A) Solid stream
B) Cellar stream
C) Broken-stream
D) Straight stream

Question 78

In actual operation, fire stream angles between provide maximum reach.

A) 15 to 19 degrees
B) 20 to 24 degrees
C) 30 to 34 degrees
D) 45 to 49 degrees

Question 79

To extinguish by cooling, the fire stream must:

A) be fully vaporized into steam.
B) fully saturate the fuel source.
C) absorb heat faster than fire generates heat.
D) absorb over 50 percent of heat generated by the fire.

Question 80

Which nozzle produces a compact stream with little shower or spray?

A) Cellar nozzle
B) Piercing nozzle
C) Smooth bore nozzle
D) Constant gallonage fog nozzle