Deck 4: Understanding Your Audience

Question 1

We "understand" before we experience.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Unlike personality, the self is a fixed and absolute entity.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Unlike beliefs, our values may be based on empirical research or rational thinking.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Recent studies suggest that much of personality is a flexible and dynamic thing that changes over the life span.

Question 5

Gestalt principles may be applied only to images or objects.

Question 6

You can associate two or more bits of information in predictable ways, but your own perspective can influence your view of the overall idea.

Question 7

Values are even more resistant to change than are beliefs.

Question 8

Selection is one very important part of perception and awareness.

Question 9

As a business communicator, your goal is to help the audience connect the dots in a way to provide alternative solutions to the audience.

Question 10

Self-image also includes your knowledge, experience, interests, and relationships.

Question 11

Your self-image also involves your expectations of yourself.

Question 12

In communication, sometimes we "" without even being aware of it.

Question 13

Public communication starts with interpersonal communication.

Question 14

The communication process itself is the foundation for oral and written communication.

Question 15

Expressions of personality, like oral and written communication, were thought to have a genetic component.

Question 16

To undergo a change in values, a person may need to undergo a transformative life experience.

Question 17

Our preference for things to be orderly and our brain's perception of lines and movement where none exists is an example of the principle of closure.

Question 18

Beliefs may not necessarily be based on logic or fact.

Question 19

People use conventions to guide them every day.

Question 20

Communication processes vary across the various types of communication: face-to-face conversation, voice over Internet protocol VOIP), chat via audio and visual channels, emoticons and IMHO In My Humble Opinion) abbreviations.

Question 21

Mutual respect and understanding are built one conversation at a time.

Question 22

Which of the following is true about values?

A) Can change easily and frequently
B) Are convictions or expressions of confidence
C) Are generally long lasting
D) Are learned predispositions to a concept or object
E) Are not central to our self-image

Question 23

Your self-concept is composed of two main elements: _____ and _____.

A) consciousness; ego
B) perception; attitude
C) self-image; values
D) personality; self-esteem
E) self-image; self-esteem

Question 24

Our perceptual set helps to form our mental expectations of what is happening, and what will happen.

Question 25

_____ are core concepts and ideas of what we consider good or bad, right or wrong, or what is worth sacrifice.

A) Values
B) Beliefs
C) Morals
D) Self-concepts
E) Aesthetics

Question 26

Audience expectations can be summarized as the need to be fair to your audience.

Question 27

Physical characteristics do not have any significant influence on how we perceive and respond to information.

Question 28

The concept in which someone's behavior comes to match and mirror others' expectations is referred to as _____.

A) looking glass self
B) reflexivity social theory
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) predestination paradox
E) experimenter effect

Question 29

In a communication scenario, leaving a "hole" in our presentation and forcing the audience to jump to conclusions is a disadvantage, irrespective of the situation.

Question 30

_____ is the ability to be conscious of events and stimuli.

A) Intuition
B) Awareness
C) Self-concept
D) Interactivity
E) Self-perception

Question 31

Cooley's _____ reinforces how we look to others and how they view us, treat us and interact with us to gain insight of our own identity.

A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) looking-glass self
C) Pygmalion effect
D) expectancy effect
E) developing self-esteem

Question 32

Paying attention to both the actual words and for other clues to meaning, such as tone of voice is an example of passive listening.

Question 33

_____ is the learned predisposition to a concept or object.

A) Experiential learning
B) Acculturation
C) Acclimatization
D) Prejudice
E) Attitude

Question 34

Which of the following is not part of your self-image?

A) Your eye color, hair length, and height
B) How you feel about yourself
C) Your knowledge, experience, interests, and relationships.
D) How you see yourself
E) How you would describe yourself to others

Question 35

_____ is defined as one's own sense of individuality, motivations, and personal characteristics.

A) Character
B) Personality
C) Consciousness
D) Self
E) Individualism

Question 36

When a stage designer knows that the audience will tend to pay attention to objects in the foreground, he is being influenced by the principle of proximity.

Question 37

_____ determines what you pay attention to, how you carry out your intentions, and what you remember of your activities and experiences each day.

A) Consciousness
B) Conditioning
C) Self-perception
D) Self-concept
E) Awareness

Question 38

A nonjudgmental speaker searches for common ground and understanding with his or her audience, establishing this space and building on it throughout the speech.

Question 39

Your _____ is your central identity and set of beliefs about who you are and what you are capable of accomplishing.

A) self-concept
B) self-image
C) ego
D) self-esteem
E) superego

Question 40

Demographic traits can give us insight into our audience and allow for an audience-centered approach.

Question 41

Which of the individual differences influences our decisions if we come across a board that says, "Watch your head" hanging above the entrance to a pub?

A) Psychological state
B) Cultural background
C) Physical characteristics
D) Attitude
E) Beliefs

Question 42

The _____ refers to the setting, scene, and context of the communication interaction, and can be equally applied to written or oral communication.

A) stage
B) platform
C) venue
D) page
E) period

Question 43

_____ is both information we choose to pay attention to and information that we choose to ignore, or that is unavailable to us.

A) Perceptual constancy
B) Selective retention
C) Selective exposure
D) Selective distortion
E) Synesthesia

Question 44

Which of the following is not true regarding the perceptual process in communication?

A) In business communication, conventions are always in place.
B) Expectations affect our perceptions.
C) We "understand" before we experience.
D) Selection is one very important part of perception and awareness.
E) Selection has two main parts: external cues and internal processing.

Question 45

The customary forms and configurations of communication) that members expect are called _____.

A) contexts
B) conventions
C) structural designs
D) expectancy structures
E) norms

Question 46

Our tendency to like things to be orderly and to see lines and movement where none exist is attributed to the Gestalt principle of _____.

A) continuity
B) proximity
C) interconnectivity
D) variability
E) completion

Question 47

One of the Gestalt principles, _____, is a tendency to use previous knowledge to fill in the gaps in an incomplete idea or picture.

A) symmetry
B) closure
C) completion
D) connecting the dots
E) holism

Question 48

According to _____, context matters, and the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.

A) context theory
B) form perception
C) space perception
D) Jung's hypothesis
E) Gestalt theory

Question 49

If you are talking to a friend on your cellphone and the connection breaks up for a few seconds, you may miss some words, but you can grasp the main idea by automatically guessing what was said. This is an example of the principle of _____.

A) temporal organization
B) spatial organization
C) proximity
D) continuity
E) closure

Question 50

Which of the following statements is not one of the principles observed by Robert Rosenthal while studying the interaction between expectations and performance?

A) We form certain expectations of people or events.
B) Our expectations are based on the real potential of people.
C) We communicate our expectations with various cues, verbal and nonverbal.
D) People tend to respond to cues by adjusting their behavior to match the expectations.
E) The outcome is that the original expectation becomes true.

Question 51

Part of the solution to grasp the readers' attention in business writing lies in your ability to help the reader select the key point or bit of information that will lead to "_____" instead of "no, thanks."

A) why me?
B) how to?
C) when?
D) where?
E) what else?

Question 52

The attributes that cause people to perceive things differently are known as ???_____.

A) unique attributes
B) personal perspectives
C) perceptual variances
D) individual differences
E) learned perceptions

Question 53

_____ is the process of sorting information into logical categories or series.

A) Selective perception
B) Organization
C) Selective processing
D) Classification
E) Sequencing

Question 54

Which of the following is not true about Gestalt principles?

A) Gestalt principles apply not only to images or objects.
B) Gestalt principles apply only to ideas and concepts.
C) According to Gestalt principles, the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
D) According to Gestalt principles, context matters.
E) According to Gestalt principles, you yourself play a role in that perception of organization.

Question 55

One of the Gestalt principles, _____, refers to the perceptual organization of information based on the physical relationship of space to objects.

A) proximity
B) spatial organization
C) continuity
D) symmetry
E) sequencing

Question 56

One of the Gestalt principles, _____, refers to drawing connections between things that occur in sequence.

A) sequencing
B) temporal organization
C) logical flow organization
D) continuity
E) proximity

Question 57

Once you have solved a puzzle, the next time you see the same puzzle, it is almost impossible to NOT see the solution. This, according to the text is a result of:

A) prejudice.
B) preunderstanding.
C) prejudgment.
D) attribution.
E) conventions.

Question 58

_____ refer to the characteristics that make someone an individual, but that he or she has in common with others.

A) Unique attributes
B) Personality features
C) Individual differences
D) Demographic traits
E) Common features

Question 59

After selection and organization, _____ is the third step in the perception process.

A) reorganization
B) prioritizing
C) follow up
D) interpretation
E) filtering

Question 60

_____ is a set of expectations and assumptions from previous experience that we apply to a new problem or situation.

A) Prejudgment
B) Premise
C) Prejudice
D) Preunderstanding
E) Preconcepts

Question 61

_____ involves willingness to examine diverse ideas and viewpoints.

A) Diversity orientation
B) Mutuality
C) Multilateralism
D) Globalism
E) Nonjudgmentalism

Question 62

_____ involves examining viewpoints other than your own, and taking steps to insure the speech integrates an inclusive, accessible format rather than an ethnocentric one.

A) Mutuality
B) Complementarity
C) Commonality
D) Interactivity
E) Uniformity

Question 63

What should one consider to avoid confusion in communication?

Question 64

Which of the following is not one of the tips to keep in mind when a difficult communication situation arises?

A) Don't interrupt.
B) Take turns.
C) Acknowledge.
D) Keep your cool.
E) Be judgmental.

Question 65

One key fairness principle, _____, refers to a relationship of mutual exchange and interdependence.

A) mutuality
B) uniformity
C) reciprocity
D) interactivity
E) complementarity

Question 66

How do expectations influence communication?

Question 67

Which of the following is not one of the tips to facilitate active listening and reading?

A) Maintain eye contact with the speaker.
B) Don't interrupt; if reading, don't multitask.
C) Focus your attention on your own internal monologue.
D) Restate the message in your own words and ask if you understood correctly.
E) Ask clarifying questions to communicate interest and gain insight.

Question 68

_____ is recognizing that each person has basic rights and is worthy of courtesy.

A) Mutuality
B) Respect
C) Reciprocity
D) Liberalism
E) Fraternity

Question 69

Describe the components of one's self-concept.

Question 70

Describe preunderstanding.

Question 71

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy? How does it affect one's performance? Is there connection between potential and expectation of performance?

Question 72

Differentiate between attitudes and beliefs.

Question 73

Elaborate on Cooley's looking-glass self.

Question 74

Define self.

Question 75

Discuss the change in perspectives on personality.

Question 76

What is awareness?

Question 77

How does one's self-concept influence learning?

Question 78

What is selection? Why is it important?

Question 79

Discuss the role of values in our self-concept.

Question 80

Keith manages a team of fifteen developers in a software company. He is known to be open to new ideas from everyone. He considers the various perspectives with patience and a positive attitude. Keith's approach is _____.

A) politically correct
B) nonjudgmental
C) risk-aversive
D) non-conflicting
E) multilateral