Deck 3: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Lipid A is also known as

A) teichoic acid.
B) mycolic acid.
C) lipopolysaccharide.
D) endotoxin.
E) pilin.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In the presence of light, a particular bacterial cell experiences an increased number of tumbles and a decreased number of runs. This cell is exhibiting

A) negative phototaxis.
B) positive phototaxis.
C) negative chemotaxis.
D) positive chemotaxis.
E) It is impossible to tell from this information.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

All of the following statements concerning pili are true EXCEPT:

A) A bacterial cell will usually have only one or two pili.
B) Pili are composed of protein called pilin.
C) Not all bacteria have pili.
D) Pili are longer than fimbriae and flagella.
E) Pili facilitate the transfer of DNA among bacterial cells.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

ATP energy is expended in which of the following processes?

A) facilitated diffusion
B) group translocation
C) diffusion
D) Both A and C are correct.
E) Both B and C are correct.

Question 5

Some bacteria can produce PHB, a biodegradable type of plastic. Where in these cells can this molecule be found?

A) the cell membrane
B) the nucleus
C) inclusions
D) the cell wall
E) endospores

Question 6

Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms?

A) fimbriae
B) flagella
C) glycocalyces
D) Both A and C are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Question 7

All of the following statements concerning prokaryotic flagella are true EXCEPT:

A) Prokaryotic flagella can rotate 360 degrees.
B) Prokaryotic flagella are composed of tubulin.
C) A "run" results from counterclockwise movement of the flagellum.
D) Prokaryotic flagella are anchored to the cell wall by means of the basal body.
E) Treponema is an example of a bacterium that has an endoflagellum.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true of endospores?

A) Bacillus and Clostridium are genera that produce them.
B) Endospores are resistant to boiling and chemicals.
C) Sporulation results in the degradation of the vegetative cell DNA.
D) Endospores are dormant.
E) Endospores are a reproductive structure.

Question 9

Peptidoglycan is

A) a complex polysaccharide.
B) composed of NAG, NAM, and LPS.
C) present in all prokaryotic cells.
D) Both B and C are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Question 10

A cell placed in a(n) _ solution will _ water.

A) hypertonic; gain
B) hypotonic; lose
C) isotonic; lose
D) isotonic; gain
E) hypotonic; gain

Question 11

Lipid- soluble molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane by which of the following processes?

A) group translocation
B) osmosis
C) active transport
D) facilitated diffusion
E) diffusion

Question 12

Bacteria that have an axial filament cause which of the following diseases?

A) syphilis
B) gonorrhea
C) Lyme disease
D) Both A and B are correct.
E) Both A and C are correct.

Question 13

Which of the following terms is NOT associated with bacterial cell walls?

A) tetrapeptide
B) peritrichous
C) peptidoglycan
D) porins
E) lipoteichoic acids

Question 14

Flagella that cover the surface of a prokaryotic cell are called

A) biofilms.
B) spirochetes.
C) filamentous.
D) peritrichous.
E) polar.

Question 15

When cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, they lose water and shrivel. This process is called

A) passive transport.
B) crenation.
C) periplasm.
D) endocytosis.
E) plasmalemma.

Question 16

Which of the following characteristics of life never occurs among viruses?

A) metabolism
B) reproduction
C) responsiveness
D) growth
E) None of the above are possible in viruses.

Question 17

Using a microscope, you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. This is an example of

A) reproduction.
B) growth.
C) responsiveness.
D) cellular structure.
E) metabolism.

Question 18

Cells of the genus Mycoplasma lack which of the following?

A) peptidoglycan
B) a cell membrane
C) a cell wall
D) Both A and C are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Question 19

Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called

A) pseudopodia.
B) flagella.
C) cilia.
D) pili.
E) fimbriae.

Question 20

The glycocalyx of a eukaryotic cell performs all of the following functions EXCEPT:

A) anchoring cells to each other.
B) protection against dehydration.
C) cellular recognition and communication.
D) strengthening the cell surface.
E) transfer of genetic material between cells.

Question 21

Which of the following processes requires a carrier protein?

A) diffusion
B) facilitated diffusion
C) active transport
D) Both B and C are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Question 22

The accumulation of glucose inside a bacterial cell via phosphorylation of the molecule is an example of

A) crenation.
B) diffusion.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) osmosis.
E) group translocation.

Question 23

Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing most of the ATP in a eukaryotic cell?

A) Golgi body
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) lysosome
D) nucleus
E) mitochondrion

Question 24

A glycocalyx that is loose and water soluble is called a slime layer.

Question 25

All of the following are associated with the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell EXCEPT:

A) chromatin.
B) nucleoplasm.
C) cristae.
D) nucleolus.
E) histones.

Question 26

Production of secretory vesicles is a function of which of the following?

A) the Golgi body
B) centrioles
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) chloroplasts
E) the nucleus

Question 27

All of the following structures are associated with eukaryotic cells EXCEPT:

A) flagella.
B) cilia.
C) periplasmic space.
D) glycocalyx.
E) cytoskeleton.

Question 28

All of the following are true statements concerning the endosymbiotic theory EXCEPT:

A) Eukaryotes were formed from the union of small anaerobic cells by larger aerobic cells.
B) The endosymbiotic theory is not universally accepted.
C) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes.
D) The cristae of mitochondria evolved from the plasma membrane of prokaryotes.
E) Mitochondria and chloroplasts can divide independently of the cell.

Question 29

The endosymbiotic theory explains the origins of mitochondria and centrioles.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

A) It makes amoeboid action possible.
B) It helps organelles move within the cytosol.
C) It strengthens the cell surface.
D) It plays a role in cytoplasmic streaming.
E) It anchors organelles within the cell.

Question 31

Chloroplasts use light energy to produce ATP and carbohydrates.

Question 32

Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid- fast bacteria?

A) endotoxin
B) N- acetylglucosamine
C) peptidoglycan
D) mycolic acid
E) lipoteichoic acid

Question 33

Which of the following would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane rapidly and without the use of transport proteins?

A) large hydrophobic molecules
B) large hydrophilic molecules
C) small hydrophilic molecules
D) small hydrophobic molecules
E) small molecules with a strong charge

Question 34

Some eukaryotic RNA is synthesized in specialized regions of the nucleus called nucleoli.

Question 35

All of the following statements concerning centrioles are true EXCEPT:

A) Centrioles are found in a region of the cell called the centrosome.
B) The structure of centrioles is similar to that of eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
C) Centrioles are composed of microtubules.
D) Centrioles are believed to play a role in cellular processes such as mitosis and cytokinesis.
E) Centrioles are found in all organisms except prokaryotes.

Question 36

Which of the following is paired incorrectly?

A) fungi: cellulose, chitin, and/or glucomannan cell wall
B) plants: cellulose and carrageenan cell wall
C) algae: glycocalyx absent
D) archea: polysaccharide cell wall
E) bacteria: peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 37

All cell membranes contain phospholipids and a wide variety of proteins.

Question 38

All of the following are found within the mitochondrion EXCEPT:

A) inclusions.
B) two membranes.
C) DNA.
D) cristae.
E) ribosomes.

Question 39

Which of the following statements concerning endocytosis and exocytosis is correct?

A) Endocytosis is a form of passive transport, while exocytosis is a form of active transport.
B) Waste products and secretions are exported from the cell during endocytosis.
C) Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which liquids are brought into the cell.
D) These processes occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
E) Endocytosis produces a structure called a food vesicle.

Question 40

All of the following statements concerning the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are correct EXCEPT:

A) Rough ER contains ribosomes.
B) The ER functions primarily as a transport system within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
C) The ER is a system of hollow tubules.
D) The ER is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope.
E) Rough ER is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids.

Question 41

The reserve deposits of starch or other compounds found in many prokaryotic cells are called .

Question 42

The peptidoglycan molecule is composed of chains of alternating sugar subunits connected by short crossbridges of four amino acids called .

Question 43

A higher concentration of solutes corresponds to a (higher/lower) concentration of water in a given solution.

Question 44

Eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of 50S and 30S subunits.

Question 45

The process by which cells accomplish elimination of wastes and secretion of cellular products is _.

Question 46

Chromatin is composed of DNA and special packaging proteins called histones..

Question 47

The semiliquid matrix of the nucleus is called the .

Question 48

Peroxisomes degrade free radicals in mammalian liver and kidney cells.

Question 49

Another name for a channel protein in the cell membrane is .

Question 50

A carrier protein that simultaneously transports two molecules across the cell membrane in opposite directions is called a(n) .

Question 51

Lysosomes result from the endocytosis of food particles by eukaryotic cells.

Question 52

Because of their cell walls, bacteria and plant cells rarely burst when they are placed in _ solutions.

Question 53

A(n) is a carrier protein that transports a single substance across the cell membrane.

Question 54

In a(n) solution, an animal cell can gain so much water that it may burst.

Question 55

A(n) is a type of glycocalyx that is firmly attached to the cell.

Question 56

The cell membrane is described as , which means it allows some substances to cross while preventing the crossing of others.

Question 57

is a structural molecule found in eukaryotic cytoskeletons, flagella, cilia, and centrioles.

Question 58

Svedbergs are a measurement of the size and sedimentation rate of cellular structures such as ribosomes.

Question 59

is the general term for the semiliquid material that contains structures such as ribosomes and inclusions inside a cell.

Question 60

is a part of the Gram- negative cell wall that can produce fever, inflammation, and shock when it is released into the bloodstream.

Question 61

Discuss how prokaryotic cells that have flagella control their movement.

Question 62

Describe the similarities and differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 63

Compare and contrast the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 64

Describe how the structure of the cytoplasmic membrane relates to its function of selective permeability.

Question 65

Most antibacterial drugs disrupt or destroy prokaryotic cellular characteristics that are different from those of eukaryotic cells, or that may not even be present in eukaryotic cells. List and describe at least three prokaryotic cellular features that could be targeted in this way to inhibit or kill a bacterial pathogen.