Deck 24: Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Question 1

All of the following are true statements concerning syphilis EXCEPT:

A) The causative agent cannot survive in the environment.
B) Latency of the disease may last more than 10 years.
C) Penicillin G is the drug of choice for most phases of the disease.
D) The causative agent lives only in humans.
E) Untreated, the disease goes through three phases.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Neisseria gonorrhoeae most commonly infects which of the following in females?

A) the fallopian tubes
B) the cervix
C) the vagina
D) the ovaries
E) the uterus

Answer 2

B

Question 3

At what age is a young female most susceptible to urinary tract infections?

A) 10 years old
B) 3 years old
C) at birth
D) 18 years old
E) 12 years old

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Ophthalmia neonatorum is an infection caused by

A) Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
B) Candida albicans.
C) Treponema pallidum.
D) Gardnerella vaginalis.
E) Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 5

The majority of cases of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome occur in

A) anyone with an S. aureus infection.
B) newly delivered mothers.
C) menstruating women.
D) uncircumcised males.
E) nasal surgery patients.

Question 6

Candidiasis is what type of infection?

A) yeast
B) viral
C) bacterial
D) protozoan
E) spirochete

Question 7

Neisseria gonorrhoeae has all of the following virulence factors EXCEPT:

A) IgA protease.
B) fimbriae.
C) hyaluronidase.
D) lipooligosaccharide in the cell wall.
E) polysaccharide capsules.

Question 8

All of the following are true statements concerning bacterial vaginosis EXCEPT:

A) "Clue cells" are important in the diagnosis.
B) It is not known to be sexually transmitted.
C) It occurs when the normal microbiota of the vagina are replaced.
D) It is characterized by a white discharge with a "fishy" odor.
E) It occurs when the vaginal pH becomes more acidic.

Question 9

All of the following are signs and symptoms of secondary syphilis EXCEPT:

A) dementia.
B) myalgia.
C) a widespread rash.
D) lymphadenopathy.
E) sore throat.

Question 10

Where in the kidney is blood initially filtered to form urine?

A) the renal capsule
B) the collecting duct
C) the renal pyramids
D) the nephron
E) efferent arterioles

Question 11

All of the following are possible consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease EXCEPT:

A) orchitis.
B) miscarriage.
C) cervical cancer.
D) sterility.
E) ectopic pregnancy.

Question 12

All of the following can cause urinary tract infections EXCEPT:

A) E. coli.
B) Klebsiella.
C) Proteus.
D) Leptospira.
E) Pseudomonas.

Question 13

Which of the following structures allows fetal blood vessels to exchange nutrients and wastes with the mother's blood vessels?

A) the clitoris
B) the uterus
C) the cervix
D) the uterine tubes
E) the placenta

Question 14

Diagnosis of syphilis is usually made by

A) microscopic evaluation of stained specimens.
B) culturing specimens on laboratory media.
C) the MHA- TP test.
D) DNA probes.
E) a Pap smear.

Question 15

Which of the following transmits leptospirosis?

A) humans infected with leptospirosis
B) infected animal feces
C) infected animal bites
D) droplet nuclei
E) infected animal urine

Question 16

Leptospira interrogans gets its name from

A) its corkscrew movement.
B) its ability to infect many wild and domestic animals.
C) the fact that one end of the spirochete is curved like a question mark.
D) the presence of two axial filaments, each of which is anchored at one end.
E) its spiral shape.

Question 17

The typical sign of primary syphilis is

A) gummas in various organs.
B) a chancre at the site of infection.
C) lymphadenopathy.
D) a widespread rash.
E) paralysis.

Question 18

Which of the following is associated with Candida infections?

A) pelvic inflammatory disease
B) reticulate bodies
C) gummas
D) pseudohyphae
E) lymphogranuloma venereum

Question 19

Mature sperm cells are stored in a male's

A) testes.
B) prepuce.
C) prostate gland.
D) epididymis.
E) vas deferens.

Question 20

All of the following are true statements concerning gonorrhea EXCEPT:

A) The causative agent can grow on most mucous membranes of the body.
B) Gonorrhea produces good long- term specific immunity.
C) Humans are the only hosts for gonorrhea.
D) It is often asymptomatic in women.
E) It was confused with syphilis until the 19th century.

Question 21

The noninfective, obligate intracellular forms of chlamydia are called

A) elementary bodies.
B) phagosomes.
C) pseudohyphae.
D) reticulate bodies.
E) glomerular capsules.

Question 22

Syphilis can be transmitted

A) by sexual contact.
B) from mother to fetus.
C) by fomites.
D) Both A and B are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Question 23

All of the following are true statements concerning trichomoniasis EXCEPT:

A) It is treated with multiple doses of metronidazole.
B) The causative agent reproduces at a slightly acidic pH.
C) It can be transmitted by fomites.
D) It increases a person's susceptibility to HIV infection.
E) Long- term immunity does not occur.

Question 24

Which of the following is the cause of the most common curable STD in women?

A) Haemophilis ducreyi
B) Trichomonas vaginalis
C) Gardnerella vaginalis
D) herpes simplex virus type 2
E) Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 25

All of the following are true statements concerning trachoma EXCEPT:

A) It is the leading cause of nontraumatic blindness in humans worldwide.
B) Infants contract the disease while passing through an infected birth canal.
C) It produces corneal scarring.
D) The pathogen multiplies in conjunctival cells and kills them.
E) It is often seen in adults who suffer from sexually transmitted chlamydia.

Question 26

In addition to the genital tract, various strains of Chlamydia trachomatis can infect which of the following?

A) lymph nodes
B) the conjunctiva
C) the lungs
D) Both A and C are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Question 27

Chancroid is caused by

A) Haemophilus ducreyi.
B) Mycoplasma hominis.
C) herpes simplex virus type 2.
D) Trichomonas vaginalis.
E) Treponema pallidum.

Question 28

The major sign of H. ducreyi infection is most like the major sign of infections of which of the following?

A) C. trachomatis
B) N. gonorrhoeae
C) T. pallidum
D) S. aureus
E) C. albicans

Question 29

Gonorrhea in women is always asymptomatic.

Question 30

The most common sexually transmitted bacterium in the United States is

A) Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
B) Treponema pallidum.
C) Haemophilus ducreyi.
D) Chlamydia trachomatis.
E) Mycoplasma hominis.

Question 31

The urethra is the only part of the urinary system in which one would expect to find normal microbiota.

Question 32

For protection from infection with genital herpes, condoms need to be used only when there is an active lesion.

Question 33

All of the following are effective ways to prevent transmission of genital herpes EXCEPT:

A) use of a condom during intercourse.
B) delivery of a newborn by cesarean section.
C) sexual abstinence.
D) prophylactic administration of acyclovir.
E) All of these are effective ways to prevent transmission.

Question 34

Pap smears are used in the diagnosis of

A) cervical cancer.
B) trichomoniasis.
C) tertiary syphilis.
D) chancroid.
E) genital herpes.

Question 35

The normal microbiota of the vagina help maintain a vaginal pH of around 7.5.

Question 36

The chances of developing toxic shock syndrome can be increased by the use of superabsorbent tampons.

Question 37

A diagnosis of genital herpes is confirmed by the

A) appearance and size of herpetic lesions.
B) location of herpetic lesions.
C) detection of herpesvirus DNA by PCR.
D) appearance of stained tissue specimens.
E) binding of fluorescent antibodies.

Question 38

Which of the following can mimic gonorrhea infections?

A) trichomoniasis
B) chlamydia
C) syphilis
D) chancroid
E) candidiasis

Question 39

Condylomata acuminata are associated with infections of which of the following?

A) Trichomonas vaginalis
B) herpes simplex virus type 2
C) papillomaviruses
D) herpes simplex virus type 1
E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 40

Trichomonas vaginalis is usually transmitted via sexual intercourse because it

A) cannot live long outside the body.
B) requires a growth factor found only in the vagina.
C) produces cysts that germinate in the vagina.
D) participates with HIV in coinfections.
E) penetrates cells lining the genitourinary tract.

Question 41

The fetus absorbs nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream through the .

Question 42

bacteria are Gram- negative pathogens, such as E. coli, that are a common cause of urinary tract infections.

Question 43

Ectopic pregnancy is a possible consequence of .

Question 44

The term means "flow of seed" in Greek.

Question 45

A common symptom of bacterial urinary tract infections is _ , or inflammation of the urinary bladder.

Question 46

The presence of "clue cells" is an important aspect of the diagnosis of .

Question 47

HSV- 2 only causes genital herpes.

Question 48

is the frequent, urgent, and painful urination that often results from urinary tract infections.

Question 49

Women whose sexual partners are circumcised have a smaller chance of getting cervical cancer.

Question 50

Mental confusion is often the only sign of a urinary tract infection in elderly patients.

Question 51

The drug of choice for treating primary and secondary syphilis is .

Question 52

The spirochete has never been grown successfully in cell- free media, but it can be grown in rabbits and monkeys.

Question 53

Because the is shorter in females than in males, it can be a portal of entry for pathogens.

Question 54

Diseases of the reproductive system that are not typically transmitted sexually are called _ diseases.

Question 55

Buboes are a major sign in half of all patients with chancroid, a disease caused by _ .

Question 56

When chlamydias spread from the genitalia to the rectum, they can cause an inflammatory process called
.

Question 57

The yeast infection can become systemic in AIDS patients.

Question 58

Clinical manifestations of chlamydia infections arise primarily from an inflammatory response to the destruction of infected cells.

Question 59

The most common symptom of chancroid in women is a vaginal discharge.

Question 60

convert glycogen in the vagina to lactic acid, thereby contributing to an acidic pH in that area.

Question 61

Explain why a female who has a history of gonorrhea infections is more likely to have an ectopic pregnancy.

Question 62

Explain the association between enteric bacteria and most urinary tract infections.

Question 63

Explain why some syphilis patients may only experience the symptoms of primary syphilis, while other patients may progress all the way to tertiary syphilis.

Question 64

Some areas of the genitourinary tract are normally sterile, whereas other areas have a variety of microbiota. Describe the defense mechanisms of the genitourinary tract that contribute to this dichotomy.

Question 65

Some sexually transmitted diseases mimic other STDs with regard to their symptoms; give an example of two of these types of diseases, describing how the symptoms of each disease resemble those of another STD.