Deck 2: Chemical Principles

Question 1

Which of the following is the type of bond between molecules of water in a beaker of water?

A) ionic bond
B) covalent bond
C) hydrogen bond

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The antimicrobial drug imidazole inhibits sterol synthesis. This would most likely interfere with

A) bacterial cell walls.
B) prokaryotic plasma membranes.
C) fungal cell walls.
D) genes.
E) eukaryotic plasma membranes.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

What do genes consist of?

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is the type of bond holding K+ and I- ions in KI?

A) ionic bond
B) covalent bond
C) hydrogen bond

Question 5

A scientist wants to perform a test that will indicate whether a nucleic acid sample is composed of RNA or DNA. Testing for the presence of which of the following is most appropriate in this situation?

A) thymine
B) guanine
C) uracil
D) nitrogen
E) phosphate

Question 6

Which type of molecule NEVER contains a phosphate group?

A) nucleic acid
B) phospholipid
C) triglycerides
D) ATP

Question 7

What is the type of bond holding hydrogen and oxygen atoms together in a single H 2O molecule?

A) ionic bond
B) covalent bond
C) hydrogen bond

Question 8

Which type of molecule contains the alcohol glycerol?

A) protein
B) phospholipids
C) carbohydrate
D) DNA

Question 9

Which type of molecule contains -NH2 (amino) groups?

A) carbohydrate
B) triglycerides
C) protein
D) nucleic acid

Question 10

What is the type of weak bond between the hydrogen of one molecule and the nitrogen of another molecule, where the two donʹt actively share an electron?

A) hydrogen bond
B) hydrophobic bond
C) disulfide bond
D) covalent bond
E) ionic bond

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding protein structure is FALSE?

A) Quaternary structures involved multiple polypeptides.
B) Tertiary structures are formed only from covalent bonds.
C) The primary structure is formed by covalent bonding between amino acid subunits.
D) Secondary structures are formed only from hydrogen bonds.

Question 12

What is the type of strong chemical bond between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a single organic molecule?

A) hydrogen bond
B) ionic bond
C) covalent bond

Question 13

Figure 2.1

In Figure 2.1, which is an alcohol?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 14

Based upon the valence numbers of the elements magnesium (2) and hydrogen (1), predict how many covalent bonds would form between these atoms to achieve the full complement of electrons in their outermost energy shells.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 15

Which molecule is composed of a chain of amino acids?

A) carbohydrate
B) lipid
C) protein
D) nucleic acid

Question 16

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Water freezes from the top down.
B) Water is formed as a part of a dehydration synthesis reaction.
C) Water molecules are formed by hydrolysis.
D) Water is a polar molecule.
E) Salts readily dissolve in water.

Question 17

Structurally, ATP is most like which type of molecule?

A) carbohydrate
B) lipid
C) protein
D) nucleic acid

Question 18

Which are the primary molecules making up plasma membranes in cells?

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids

Question 19

Which type of molecule is composed of (CH₂O) units?

A) nucleic acid
B) lipid
C) carbohydrate
D) protein

Question 20

What is the type of bond between ions in salt?

A) hydrogen bond
B) covalent bond
C) ionic bond

Question 21

Elements only achieve the full complement of electrons in outermost energy cells by donating away or sharing electrons.

Question 22

Figure 2.1

Which compound in Figure 2.1 is an ester?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 23

Figure 2.3 What kind of bond is at the arrow in Figure 2.3?

A) ionic bond
B) hydrogen bond
C) double covalent bond
D) peptide bond
E) disulfide bridge

Question 24

If an amino acid contained a hydrocarbon (a group of multiple carbons and hydrogens linked together) as its side group, in which of the following categories could it be appropriately designated?

A) polar
B) nonpolar
C) basic
D) acidic
E) hydrophilic

Question 25

Radioisotopes are frequently used to label molecules in a cell. The fate of atoms and molecules in a cell can then be followed. Assume Saccharomyces cerevisiae is grown in a nutrient medium containing the radioisotope 32P. After a 48-hour incubation, the majority of the 32P would be found in the S. cerevisiaeʹs

A) cell wall.
B) water.
C) proteins.
D) plasma membrane.
E) carbohydrates.

Question 26

All chemical reactions are, in theory, reversible.

Question 27

Individual covalent bonds are stronger than individual ionic bonds.

Question 28

All forms of life function optimally at a pH of 7.

Question 29

Any compound that contains carbon is considered to be strictly organic.

Question 30

Most amino acids found in cells demonstrate what type of chirality?

A) A-isomers
B) L-isomers
C) D-isomers
D) C-isomers
E) B-isomers

Question 31

A basic solution is expected to contain more hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions.

Question 32

An E. coli culture that has been growing at 37°C is moved to 25°C. Which of the following changes must be made in its plasma membrane to help it cope with the decrease in temperature?

A) The number of saturated chains must increase.
B) The viscosity must increase.
C) The number of unsaturated chains must increase.
D) The number of phosphate groups must increase.
E) No changes are necessary.

Question 33

The formation of ADP from ATP can be defined as a hydrolytic reaction.

Question 34

The density of liquid water is greater than the density of ice.

Question 35

Radioisotopes are frequently used to label molecules in a cell. The fate of atoms and molecules in a cell can then be followed. Assume Saccharomyces cerevisiae is grown in a nutrient medium containing the radioisotope 35S. After a 48-hour incubation, the 35S would most likely be found in the S. cerevisiaeʹs

A) proteins.
B) nucleic acids.
C) lipids.
D) carbohydrates.
E) water.

Question 36

Covalent bonds are always shared equally.

Question 37

There are some forms of life on Earth that can survive without water.

Question 38

Figure 2.1

Which compound in Figure 2.1 is an organic acid?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 39

Starch, dextran, glycogen, and cellulose are polymers of

A) amino acids.
B) fatty acids.
C) glucose.
D) acids.
E) nucleic acids.