Deck 10: Biotechnology

Question 1

Which of thfollowing plants makes anstores beta-carotenin its seeds?

A)regular rice
B)corn
C)wheat
D)peanut
E)all of these

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of thfollowing describes most accurately thexpression "recombinant DNA"?

A)DNA molecule amplified from a given organism
B)DNA molecule that contains genetic information from more than one organism
C)DNA molecule that is moved from one tube to another in a laboratory
D)DNA molecule isolated from a specific organism
E)DNA molecule that has been used in a laboratory for experimental purposes

Answer 2

B

Question 3

During thcloning process, two fragments of DNA arjoinetogether with thhelp of a

A)DNA ligase.
B)DNA recombinase.
C)DNA flipase.
D)DNA clonase.
E)DNA connectase.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of thfollowing is NOT truabout restriction enzymes?

A)Restriction enzymes recognize specific DNA sequences.
B)Restriction enzymes cut DNA independently of its origin.
C)Restriction enzymes recognize specific nucleotide sequences.
D)Restriction enzymes cut RNA sequences at specific sites.
E)All of these are NOT true.

Question 5

Using biotechnology, thGolden Ricwas engineerein order

A)to increase the yield.
B)to improve the nutritional value of regular rice.
C)to save money.
D)to increase the yield and to improve the nutritional value of regular rice.
E)to increase the yield, improve the nutritional value of regular rice, and to save money.

Question 6

A plasmid

A)is a small piece of DNA that is often isolated from bacterial chromosomes for cloning purposes.
B)is a big linear piece of DNA that is often isolated from bacterial chromosomes for cloning purposes.
C)is a small circular DNA in bacteria that is partially associated with the chromosome.
D)is a small circular DNA in bacteria that is completely associated with the chromosome.
E)is a small circular DNA in bacteria that is completely separated from the chromosome.

Question 7

Which of thfollowing nutrients is likely to hava strong impact on vision?

A)cholesterol
B)vitamin A
C)vitamin B12
D)vitamin D
E)galactose

Question 8

ThGolden Ricis a genetically modifiericplant that produces

A)alpha-carotene in its seeds.
B)vitamin A.
C)beta-carotene in its seeds.
D)vitamin C.
E)gamma-carotene in its seeds.

Question 9

A genetically modifiericplant is also called

A)transgenic rice.
B)cloned rice.
C)transformed rice.
D)recombined rice.
E)transduced rice.

Question 10

Genetically modifieorganisms arengineered

A)on wilderness.
B)on farms.
C)in laboratories.
D)on wilderness and on farms.
E)on farms and in laboratories.

Question 11

Which of thfollowing molecules arablto digest DNA molecules?

A)lipases
B)proteases
C)restriction enzymes
D)DNA ligases
E)DNA helicases

Question 12

__________ is an examplof a __________.

A)DNA recombinase; digestive enzyme
B)DNA ligase; digestive enzyme
C)EcoRI; restriction enzyme
D)E.coli; restriction enzyme
E)mRNA; cloning enzyme

Question 13

Restriction enzymes can cut

A)tRNA.
B)mRNA.
C)rRNA.
D)DNA.
E)mRNA and DNA.

Question 14

Many restriction enzymes generat__________ on DNA fragments after digestion.

A)frank ends
B)blunt ends
C)curved ends
D)sticky ends
E)oblique ends

Question 15

Which of thfollowing describes most accurately thprocess of DNA cloning?

A)set of laboratory procedures that consist of amplifying a fragment of DNA in vitro
B)set of laboratory procedures that consist of isolation of a DNA fragment from a living organism and insertion of it into a plasmid
C)set of laboratory procedures that uses living cells to make many identical copies of a DNA fragment
D)set of laboratory procedures by which a DNA fragment is transferred from a living organism to a chip
E)the manipulation of DNA fragments in a laboratory using modern techniques of molecular biology

Question 16

Ricgrains containing consequent amounts of beta-carotenwould

A)support growth of children feeding on Golden Rice.
B)support the development of a strong immune system.
C)support the development of good vision.
D)support all of these.
E)support none of these.

Question 17

Which of thfollowing sequences is recognizeby threstriction enzymEcoRI?

A)ATTGGC
B)GAATTC
C)CTTAAG
D)TATGCG
E)TTACGG

Question 18

ThGolden Ricwas developeby

A)Beyer.
B)Pasteur.
C)Potrykus.
D)Beyer and Pasteur.
E)Beyer and Potrykus.

Question 19

Which of thfollowing lists contains a combination of molecules involvein thcloning process?

A)DNA fragments, DNA ligase, and plasmid
B)DNA ligase, DNA fragments, and DNA recombinase
C)DNA fragments, DNA ligase, and plastid
D)DNA fragments, DNA connectase, and plastid
E)DNA ligase, DNA fragments, plastid, and DNA recombinase

Question 20

Which of thfollowing discoveries alloweresearchers to cut hugDNA molecules into manageablfragments?

A)restriction enzymes
B)reverse enzymes
C)polymeric enzymes
D)cloning enzymes
E)recombination enzymes

Question 21

What do biologists usin order to identify clones that contain thfragment of interest?

A)probes
B)markers
C)templates
D)tags
E)followers

Question 22

A plasmimay

A)accept foreign DNA.
B)be taken up by bacteria.
C)carry marker genes.
D)replicate independently of bacterial chromosomes.
E)do all of these.

Question 23

Examine the following figure and answer questions

In thfigurshown, #1 represents a __________ molecule.

A)nucleotide
B)complementary DNA
C)messenger RNA
D)restriction DNA
E)amino acid

Question 24

Which moleculis useas a templatin thproduction of a cDNA?

A)a single-stranded DNA molecule
B)a double-stranded DNA molecule
C)an rRNA molecule
D)a tRNA molecule
E)an mRNA molecule

Question 25

In DNA molecules, which of thfollowing bonds ardisrupteat high temperatures?

A)ionic bonds
B)hydrogen bonds
C)polar covalent bonds
D)nonpolar covalent bonds
E)peptide bonds

Question 26

After synthesis of a cDNA molecule, what is thenzymresponsiblfor thsynthesis of thseconstranof DNA?

A)complementary DNA polymerase
B)DNA polymerase
C)RNA polymerase
D)reverse transcriptase
E)DNA transcriptase

Question 27

Examine the following figure and answer questions

In thfigurshown, #2 represents a __________ molecule.

A)nucleotide
B)complementary DNA
C)messenger RNA
D)restriction DNA
E)amino acid

Question 28

Wherarreverstranscriptases obtainefrom?

A)fungi
B)bacteria
C)viruses
D)plants
E)algeas

Question 29

During a polymeraschain reaction,

A)a DNA template is mixed with primers, nucleotides, and Taq polymerase.
B)the sample is heated in order to allow the two strands of DNA to separate completely.
C)some of the primers base-pair with template DNA.
D)Taq polymerase performs DNA synthesis from the primers.
E)all of these occur.

Question 30

Which of thfollowing components is NOT essential for DNA cloning?

A)plasmid
B)DNA ligase
C)DNA helicase
D)DNA fragment
E)restriction enzyme

Question 31

When a population is madup of individuals who argenetically identical, each individual is saito ba __________ of other individuals.

A)homologous
B)clone
C)twin
D)pair
E)homomere

Question 32

If thcompletgenetic information of a person is isolatefrosomof his cells, cut with restriction enzymes, inserteinto a cloning vector, anintroducewithin bacteria for cloning purposes, what woulthset of clones bcallecontaining all thgenes of that person?

A)a genetic library
B)a genomic library
C)a gene library
D)a DNA library
E)a nucleotide library

Question 33

Examine the following figure and answer questions

In step A, which of thfollowing molecules woulbresponsiblfor thproduction of molecul#2?

A)DNA polymerase
B)nucleases
C)nucleotide polymerase
D)RNA polymerase
E)reverse transcriptase

Question 34

Examine the following figure and answer questions

In step B, which of thfollowing molecules woulbresponsiblfor thproduction of molecul#3?

A)DNA polymerase
B)nucleases
C)nucleotide polymerase
D)RNA polymerase
E)reverse transcriptase

Question 35

Which of thfollowing organisms armost usein biotechnology?

A)viruses
B)yeasts
C)bacteria
D)plants
E)mice

Question 36

What is thenzymthat is needeto synthesiza complementary DNA (cDNA) froan mRNA molecule?

A)complementary DNA polymerase
B)DNA polymerase
C)RNA polymerase
D)reverse transcriptase
E)DNA transcriptase

Question 37

Which of thfollowing molecules can buseas a cloning vector?

A)plasmids
B)restriction enzymes
C)recombinant DNA
D)DNA fragments
E)bacteria

Question 38

Which of thfollowing molecules may bthsubstratof DNA ligase?

A)a single-stranded DNA molecule
B)a double-stranded DNA molecule
C)a single-stranded mRNA molecule
D)a double-stranded mRNA molecule
E)a double-stranded DNA associated with histone proteins

Question 39

A restriction enzymis likely to cut which of thfollowing molecules?

A)a single-stranded DNA molecule
B)a double-stranded DNA molecule
C)a single-stranded mRNA molecule
D)a double-stranded mRNA molecule
E)a double-stranded DNA associated with histone proteins

Question 40

Examine the following figure and answer questions

Taken together, #2 an#3 constituta

A)double-stranded DNA molecule.
B)nucleotide.
C)double-stranded RNA molecule.
D)polypeptide.
E)polysaccharide.

Question 41

Sequencing thentirhuman genomwould

A)help to identify genes that are essential in the defense system of the human body.
B)open ways to study human genetic diseases.
C)open ways for gene therapy.
D)do all of these.
E)do none of these.

Question 42

During a DNA fingerprinting procedure, tanderepeats of four or fivnucleotides are

A)isolated from the cell.
B)inserted into a cloning vector.
C)copied with a reverse transcriptase.
D)isolated from the cell and inserted into a cloning vector.
E)amplified by PCR.

Question 43

Which of thfollowing organisms contains almost as many genes as a human?

A)a cow
B)a horse
C)a dog
D)a chimpanzee
E)a roundworm

Question 44

Which of thfollowing techniques reveals differences in thnumber of tanderepeats among individuals?

A)PCR
B)DNA amplification
C)DNA footprinting
D)DNA fingerprinting
E)RNA footprinting

Question 45

Which of thfollowing is uniquto each human?

A)DNA fingerprint
B)DNA footprint
C)RNA fingerprint
D)RNA footprint
E)both DNA footprint and RNA footprint

Question 46

How many genes does thhuman genomcontain?

A)about 5,000 genes
B)about 10,000 genes
C)about 20,000 genes
D)about 30,000 genes
E)about 7,000 genes

Question 47

In which of thfollowing cases woulDNA fingerprinting bused?

A)to verify that two individuals who were separated during their childhood are related
B)to resolve paternity disputes
C)to solve crimes
D)to do all of these
E)to do none of these

Question 48

Which of thfollowing organisms has their genomcompletely sequenced?

A)human
B)mouse
C)dog
D)chicken
E)all of these

Question 49

After obtaining DNA fragments by PCR, a small fraction of thPCR product is loadeanran into a(n)

A)transformation machine.
B)test tube.
C)electrophoresis gel.
D)cloning set.
E)restriction gel.

Question 50

About __________ percent of thhuman genomis uniquto each individual.

A)0
B)0.5
C)1
D)2
E)5

Question 51

DNA sequencing is a method

A)of determining the order of fatty acids in a DNA.
B)of determining the order of saccharides in a DNA.
C)of determining the order of amino acids in a DNA.
D)of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA.
E)of determining the order of triglycerides in a DNA.

Question 52

In which year was thhuman genompublished?

A)2003
B)2001
C)1999
D)1997
E)1995

Question 53

Which of thfollowing techniques woulallow health professionals to determinthat a given patient has a mutation in thgenencoding alpha-amylase? (Alpha-amylasis thenzymresponsiblfor breaking down starch molecules into smaller blocks)

A)sequencing
B)polymerase chain reaction
C)DNA fingerprinting
D)cloning
E)all of these

Question 54

In which of thfollowing cases woulDNA fingerprinting NOT bused?

A)resolution of paternity disputes
B)expression of a human insulin gene into a bacterium
C)to determine if two individuals living in two different continents are closely related genetically
D)resolution of a crime
E)diagnosis of infectious diseases

Question 55

Which of thfollowing is CORRECT about electrophoresis?

A)It separates fragments of DNA according to their sizes.
B)It uses a semisolid gel.
C)In an electrophoresis gel, short DNA fragments migrate faster than large DNA fragments.
D)A current is applied during electrophoresis.
E)All of these are true.

Question 56

Short tanderepeats on __________ may buseto determingenetic relationships among malrelatives andescendants.

A)the Y chromosome
B)chromosome # 3
C)the X chromosome
D)chromosome # 8
E)chromosome # 20

Question 57

Which of thfollowing subdisciplines of biology focuses on understanding thgenetic composition of organisms?

A)physiology
B)molecular biology
C)genomics
D)biochemistry
E)embryology

Question 58

Which of thfollowing elements is NOT involvein DNA fingerprinting?

A)primers
B)Taq polymerase
C)electrophoresis
D)DNA template
E)none of these are involved

Question 59

In all humans, about __________ percent of thgenomis thsame.

A)95
B)98
C)99
D)99.5
E)100

Question 60

Which of thfollowing organisms contains morgenes that a human?

A)a cow
B)a horse
C)a mouse
D)a dog
E)a chicken

Question 61

DtxR is a protein that controls expression of genes involvein acquisition of iron in thbacteriuCorynebacteriudiphteriae.IdeR, a homologous of that protein, was founin Mycobacteriutuberculosis playing thsamrole.Which of thfollowing approaches was usein order to achievthat result?

A)DNA fingerprinting
B)polymerase chain reaction
C)comparative genomics
D)analytic electrophoresis
E)DNA cloning

Question 62

Which of thfollowing processes consist of transferring genetic information froonorganisto another?

A)genetic information hybridization
B)polymerase chain reaction
C)comparative genomics
D)DNA fingerprinting
E)genetic engineering

Question 63

Which of thfollowing genetic problems is NOT being addresseby gentherapy?

A)Down syndrome
B)cystic fibrosis
C)hemophilia
D)immune disorder
E)cancers

Question 64

Thtransferring of an organ froonspecies to another is called

A)xenotransplantation.
B)eugenics.
C)illegal.
D)genomics.
E)cloning.

Question 65

Which of thfollowing organisms is (are) being useroutinely in genetic engineering for production of drugs?
I)rats
II)yeasts
III)bacteria

A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I, II, and III
E)III only

Question 66

Traditionally, chymotrypsin usein thfooindustry was obtainefrom

A)mold fermentation.
B)yeast fermentation.
C)sheep stomachs.
D)bacterial fermentation.
E)calf stomachs.

Question 67

Which of thfollowing statements is (are) true?

A)Modified Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used to deliver recombinant DNA into some plants.
B)Agrobacterium tumefaciens infects many plants including potatoes, peas, and beans.
C)Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used to improve the nutritional value of some food plants.
D)Soybean, squash, and potatoes can be modified by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
E)All of these are true.

Question 68

Which of thfollowing organisms producgenetically engineerechymotrypsin, usein thfooindustry?

A)a pig
B)a bacterium
C)a yeast
D)a sheep
E)a cow

Question 69

In agriculture, thusof GMOs is regulateby

A)the Food and Drug Administration
B)the American Heart Association
C)Greenpeace
D)the U.S.Department of Agriculture
E)the National Institute of Health and the U.S.Department of Agriculture.

Question 70

Which of thfollowing organisms is (are) easily modifieby genetic engineering?

A)bacteria and yeasts
B)bacteria and molds
C)yeasts and mice
D)mold and mice
E)mold, mice, and bacteria

Question 71

Which of thfollowing subdisciplines of biology focuses on comparing genetic information of different species?

A)molecular biology
B)biochemistry
C)botany
D)genomics
E)embryology

Question 72

Genetic engineering is appliein plants for which of thfollowing reasons?

A)confer tolerance to dry and hot seasons
B)confer tolerance to low temperature
C)improve nutritional value
D)improve yields
E)all of these

Question 73

Researchers introducDNA into plants by using
I)bacteria
II)electric shocks
III)chemical shocks

A)I only
B)II only
C)III only
D)II and III
E)I, II, and III

Question 74

In gentherapy, thtransfer of recombinant DNA to a patient may bdonvia

A)viral vectors.
B)bacterial vectors.
C)microinjection.
D)intramuscular injection.
E)intradermal injection.

Question 75

Gentherapy consist of

A)replacing the genomes of an individual with a brand new set of genomes with the goal of treating a genetic defect.
B)replacing a defective gene in an individual with a normal gene with the goal of treating a genetic disorder.
C)transferring a modified gene into an individual with the goal of treating a genetic defect.
D)transferring a normal or a modified gene into an individual with the goal of treating a genetic defect.
E)replacing a defective enzyme in an individual with a normal enzyme with the goal of treating a genetic disorder.

Question 76

Thter"biotech barnyards" most likely refers to

A)the production of human products by farm animals.
B)the development of new species of farm animals.
C)the increase of milk, egg, wool, etc., production.
D)ultramodern methods of rearing more animals on less feed.
E)the creation of transgenic animals that can produce several products.

Question 77

When was thinsulin produceby transgenic bacteria approveby thFDA (FooanDrug Administration)?

A)1972
B)2000
C)1998
D)1982
E)1995

Question 78

Which of thfollowing procedures arpossiblwith genetic engineering?

A)express a human gene in a bacterium
B)transfer a human protein into a sheep
C)transfer a human genome into a bacterium
D)express a human amino acid in a mouse
E)all of these

Question 79

Transgenic goats arnow ablto producproteins useto treat

A)bacterial infections and cystic fibrosis.
B)heart attacks and viral infections
C)heart attacks and cystic fibrosis.
D)bacterial infections and heart attacks.
E)bacterial infections, heart attacks, and cystic fibrosis.

Question 80

In which of thfollowing organisms is human insulin massively produced?

A)a pig
B)a bacterium
C)a chimpanzee
D)a sheep
E)a cow