Deck 23: Digestion and Excretion

Question 1

Referring to thabovdiagram, thtooth's living cells, thpulp, is identifieby which letter?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)E
E)F

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Thliving cells of thtooth arcalled

A)the dentin.
B)the enamel.
C)the pulp.
D)the plaque.
E)none of these; the tooth has no living cells.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What percentagof Americans aroverweight or obese?

A)20%
B)30%
C)40%
D)50%
E)60%

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Referring to thabovdiagram, which letter represents thbeginning of chemical digestion?

A)A
B)E
C)D
D)H
E)I

Question 5

A four-chamberestomach

A)is found in hoofed grazers.
B)is an adaptation that allows grass eaters to digest cellulose.
C)contains fermenting microbes in the first two chambers.
D)enables the animal to form cud, a solid that is regurgitated and chewed a second time.
E)is all of these.

Question 6

Referring to thabovdiagram, which letter indicates thlocation of chymproduction?

A)A
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 7

Leptin is

A)a drug used to control weight gain.
B)a genetic disorder that is characterized by the inability to lose weight easily.
C)a signaling molecule released by adipose cells that helps to decrease appetite.
D)a signaling molecule released by adipose cells that helps to stimulate appetite.
E)a hormone found only in mice that is used to study weight gain.

Question 8

When you put on weight,

A)the number of fat cells stays the same, but more fat is stored in each cell.
B)the number of fat cells may double in number but can easily be reduced to the original number with diet and exercise.
C)the number of fat cells increases and can never be reduced.
D)muscle cells are converted to adipose cells.
E)none of these things occur.

Question 9

In which animal woulyou expect to fina crop as part of thdigestivsystem?

A)flatworm
B)frog
C)human
D)horse
E)pigeon

Question 10

Referring to thabovdiagram, which structuris responsiblfor storing bile?

A)F
B)G
C)H
D)I
E)J

Question 11

Referring to thabovdiagram, F represents which of thfollowing structures?

A)stomach
B)liver
C)pancreas
D)gallbladder
E)small intestine

Question 12

Ghrelin is

A)a drug used to control weight gain.
B)a signaling molecule released by the adipose cells to stimulate appetite.
C)a signaling molecule released by cells in the stomach and brain to stimulate appetite.
D)a hormone found only in mice that is used to study weight loss.
E)none of these.

Question 13

How many teeth does thaveragadult human have?

A)24
B)32
C)38
D)42
E)20

Question 14

A person who is obese

A)has so much fat in their adipose cells that their health is impaired.
B)is at an increased risk for developing diabetes.
C)is at an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease.
C)is at an increased risk for developing some cancers.
D)has all of these.

Question 15

Referring to thabovdiagram, which structuris responsiblfor secreting digestivenzymes into thsmall intestinanhormones into thblood?

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)G
E)none of these

Question 16

__________ havno teeth; insteathey ustheir __________ to help grinup food.

A)birds; gizzard
B)frogs; gizzard
C)birds; tongue
D)fish; gizzard
E)none of these; teeth

Question 17

Digestion is defineas

A)taking in food.
B)breaking food down into small nutrient molecules.
C)moving nutrient molecules into the internal environment.
D)taking in food and breaking food down into small nutrient molecules.
E)all of these.

Question 18

Referring to thabovdiagram, thbonelikmaterial, dentin, is identifieby which letter?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 19

Referring to thabovdiagram, what typof a tooth is represented?

A)incisor
B)canine
C)molar
D)precanine
E)none of these

Question 20

Gastric bypass surgery

A)is more effective than standard weight loss methods.
B)reduces the size of the patient's stomach and small intestine.
C)reduces the amount of ghrelin secreted, so the patient feels less hungry.
D)may increase the risk of vitamin and mineral deficiency.
E)does all of these.

Question 21

Referring to thabovdiagram, what structuris labeleA?

A)the appendix
B)the cecum
C)a polyp
D)a portion of the small intestine
E)none of these

Question 22

Thlargintestine

A)contains bacteria that makes vitamins we need.
B)absorbs water that was not absorbed by the small intestine.
C)concentrates indigestible material into feces.
D)absorbs water that was not absorbed by the small intestine and concentrates indigestible material into feces.
E)does all of these.

Question 23

Referring to thabovdiagram, what structuris labeleC?

A)the appendix
B)the cecum
C)a polyp
D)a portion of the small intestine
E)none of these

Question 24

Assumyou haa hasandwich for lunch today.Which part of your sandwich was being chemically digesteby salivary amylaswhilyou werchewing?

A)bread
B)ham
C)lettuce
D)tomato
E)none of these

Question 25

Which molecules diffusinto thlymph vessels during absorption in thsmall intestine?

A)simple sugars
B)triglycerides
C)amino acids
D)nucleotides
E)all of these

Question 26

What might a disruption of thstomach's protectivmucus layer givristo?

A)acid reflux
B)ulcers
C)peristalsis
D)heart burn
E)none of these

Question 27

Colon polyps

A)are usually benign but may become cancerous.
B)are difficult to cure.
C)are small growths that project from the wall of the small intestine.
D)are responsible for 500,000 deaths in the U.S.every year.
E)are usually benign but may become cancerous and are responsible for 500,000 deaths in the U.S.every year.

Question 28

Tharrows in thdiagraabovarpointing to

A)the esophagus and small intestine.
B)the trachea and large intestine.
C)the sphincters at the top and bottom of the stomach.
D)the esophagus and pancreas.
E)the stomach.

Question 29

Thstomach

A)is a non-elastic sac.
B)secretes enzymes that begin to break down fats.
C)secretes enzymes that begin to break down proteins.
D)is surrounded by three layers of skeletal muscle.
E)fits all of these descriptions.

Question 30

If a person does not producbile, which macromolecule(s) woulthey havthmost troubldigesting?

A)carbohydrates
B)proteins
C)fats
D)nucleic acids
E)all of these

Question 31

A person chokes when foobecomes lodgein

A)the esophagus.
B)the trachea.
C)the larynx.
D)the sinus.
E)none of these.

Question 32

__________ armulticelleprojections that protrudfrothlining of thsmall intestine.

A)Setae
B)Chyme
C)Microvilli
D)Villi
E)Macrovilli

Question 33

If a person was not ablto producpancreatic secretions, which macromolecule(s) woulthey havdifficulty digesting?

A)carbohydrates
B)proteins
C)fats
D)nucleic acids
E)all of these

Question 34

Thlongest segment of thgut is the

A)large intestine
B)small intestine
C)esophagus
D)bowel
E)none of the above

Question 35

Thappendix

A)aids in digestion.
B)is full of red blood cells.
C)gradually disappears as we age.
D)is full of white blood cells.
E)fits all of these descriptions.

Question 36

Wherdoes most digestion anabsorption occur?

A)large intestine
B)mouth
C)stomach
D)bowel
E)small intestine

Question 37

A person choking on a piecof food

A)cannot talk, breath, or cough.
B)can cough but cannot breath or talk.
C)can talk and cough but is unable to breath.
D)can breath through their nose if they remain calm.
E)can do none of these.

Question 38

What is thprimary rolof bilsalts during digestion?

A)osmoregulation
B)to kill bacteria that may have been consumed
C)to coat fat droplets and keep them separated into small droplets
D)to enzymatically digest fats
E)to do all of these

Question 39

Ulcers may bcauseby

A)over use of aspirin.
B)over use of ibuprofen.
C)Helicobacter pylori.
D)all of these.
E)none of these.

Question 40

If a person is born with littlenamel on their teeth, which of thfollowing may result?

A)The crowns of their teeth may wear away quickly.
B)They may be more susceptible to tooth decay.
C)Their teeth may not be very strong.
D)The crowns of their teeth may wear away quickly, and they may be more susceptible to tooth decay.
E)All of these may result.

Question 41

Water solublvitamins

A)must be replenished each day.
B)are destroyed by heat.
C)include vitamins B and C.
D)are not stored in the body.
E)fit all of these descriptions.

Question 42

A nephron is

A)a kidney cell.
B)a capillary that is specific to the kidney.
C)a kidney tubule.
D)a kidney tubule and the associated capillaries.
E)none of these.

Question 43

Fats that your body cannot makarcalled

A)essential fatty acids.
B)triglycerides.
C)phospholipids.
D)saturated fats.
E)sterols.

Question 44

Vitamin supplements arnecessary for

A)everyone.
B)only children.
C)elderly.
D)vegetarians.
E)elderly people and vegetarians.

Question 45

To maintain a proper weight

A)a person just needs to eat less.
B)a person can eat anything they want as long as they exercise.
C)a person should be careful of what they eat, and they should exercise.
D)a person can either eat less or can eat anything they want as long as they exercise.
E)none of these options will work.

Question 46

Sincth1970s, thpercentagof overweight Americans has

A)decreased by 50%.
B)tripled.
C)doubled.
D)remained the same.
E)quadrupled.

Question 47

As a person gets older

A)they need more food because their metabolism is working harder.
B)they need less food because their metabolism is slowing down.
C)they need more food because their metabolism is slowing down.
D)they do not need more or less food; the amount a person needs throughout life is constant.
E)none of these apply.

Question 48

Vitamins

A)are organic substances.
B)are inorganic substances.
C)are required in small amounts for normal metabolism.
D)are organic substances and are required in small amounts for normal metabolism.
E)are inorganic substances and are required in small amounts for normal metabolism.

Question 49

In vertebrates, thmain function of thurinary systeis to

A)rid the body of excess water.
B)rid the body of unwanted solutes.
C)conserve excess water.
D)rid the body of excess water and unwanted solutes.
E)do none of these.

Question 50

When a person absorbs morglucosfrotheir diet than they need, thexcess

A)is flushed from the system as waste.
B)is stored as glycogen in the muscle and liver cells.
C)is stored as fat in the adipose cells.
D)is stored as ATP in the muscle cells.
E)is stored as glycogen in the muscle and liver cells, and stored as fat in the adipose cells.

Question 51

Which moleculis our primary sourcof energy?

A)protein
B)fatty acids
C)complex carbohydrates
D)nucleic acids
E)triglycerides

Question 52

Thbody mass index is useto

A)determine a healthy weight based on height.
B)calculate a person's percentage of body fat.
C)calculate a person's percentage of muscle.
D)determine how many calories a person should consume per day.
E)determine a healthy weight based on height, and to determine how many calories a person should consume per day.

Question 53

Solublfiber

A)helps lower cholesterol and reduces the risk of heart attack.
B)consists of triglycerides.
C)passes through the digestive tract.
D)prevents constipation.
E)does all of these.

Question 54

Kidneys

A)filter water.
B)filter mineral ions.
C)filter nitrogen rich wastes.
D)produce urine.
E)perform all of these functions.

Question 55

If you werto consumtoo much vitamin C what woulhappen?

A)It would be stored in your adipose tissue.
B)It would be stored in your liver.
C)You would metabolize it for energy.
D)You would eliminate it in your urine.
E)All of these would occur.

Question 56

Th__________ is a channel for urinto flow froa kidney to thurinary bladder.It is labeleas __________ on thabovdiagram.

A)urethra; B
B)urethra; D
C)ureter; D
D)ureter; B
E)ureter; C

Question 57

Blooenters thkidney through __________ anleaves thkidney through __________.

A)the renal vein; the renal artery
B)the nephron; the renal capillary
C)the renal artery; the renal vein
D)the renal artery; the nephron
E)none of these; none of these

Question 58

Insolublfiber

A)includes molecules such as cellulose.
B)is not digested or absorbed.
C)does not dissolve in water.
D)prevents constipation.
E)fits all of these descriptions.

Question 59

An obesperson's BMI woulbe

A)between 25-29.9.
B)below 19.
C)30 or above.
D)between 20-24.9.
E)40 or above.

Question 60

Thurinary bladder, identifieas __________ in thabovdiagram, is separatefroth__________ by a sphincter.

A)A; ureter
B)C; ureter
C)A; urethra
D)C; urethra
E)none of these letters; urethra

Question 61

In addition to water, which molecule(s) is (are) reabsorbefrothtubulto thblood?

A)amino acids and glucose
B)fats and glucose
C)amino acids and complex carbohydrates
D)amino acids only
E)glucose only

Question 62

How is kidney function measured?

A)by the amount of urine produced over a 24-hour period
B)by the rate of filtration
C)by the rate of tubular secretion
D)by the rate of absorption
E)by any of these

Question 63

During threabsorption process, how much of thwater in thtubules is returneto thblood?

A)10%
B)25%
C)50%
D)99%
E)100%

Question 64

Thantidiuretic hormon(ADH)

A)signals your body to produce more urine.
B)signals your body to reabsorb less water as the filtrate passes through the nephron.
C)signals your body to reabsorb more water as the filtrate passes through the nephron.
D)is inhibited by alcohol.
E)signals your body to reabsorb more water as the filtrate passes through the nephron and is inhibited by alcohol.

Question 65

Which of thfollowing woulmost likely contain bloothat needs to bcleansed?

A)the renal vein
B)the renal artery
C)the nephron
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 66

Filtration occurs in thregion labeled

A)1.
B)2.
C)3.
D)4.
E)as none of these.

Question 67

According to thNational Kidney Foundation, approximately how many peopldieach year waiting for a kidney transplant?

A)3
B)17
C)50
D)98
E)125

Question 68

As bloois being filtered, which molecules artoo big to movfrothcapillary to thtubule?

A)complex carbohydrates
B)fats
C)proteins
D)nucleic acids
E)none of these

Question 69

Urinhas a yellow color duto

A)the degradation of hemoglobin.
B)pigments found in the food you eat.
C)urinary salts.
D)vitamin C.
E)none of these.

Question 70

Antidiuretic hormonis releaseby the

A)hypothalamus.
B)pituitary gland.
C)thymus.
D)adrenal gland.
E)kidney.

Question 71

Why does someonwho has consumea lot of alcohol becomdehydrated?

A)Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion, which leads to an increase in urination.
B)Alcohol increases ADH secretion, which leads to an increase in urination.
C)Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion, which leads to a reduction in urination.
D)Alcohol increases ADH secretion, which leads to a reduction in urination.
E)Alcohol does none of these.

Question 72

Kidney stones

A)are four times more likely to occur in men than women.
B)usually do not cause symptoms.
C)cause extreme pain when they enter the ureter.
D)are formed when solutes that are dissolved in the urine come out of solution.
E)fit all of these descriptions.

Question 73

Thfeedback loop controlling ADH secretion is classifieas what typof feedback loop?

A)helpful
B)positive
C)negative
D)destructive
E)incomplete

Question 74

Tubular secretion is essential for regulation of

A)the volume of urine produced.
B)the sugar concentration in the urine.
C)the protein concentration in the urine.
D)the salinity of the internal environment.
E)the pH of the internal environment.

Question 75

Hemodialysis

A)involves removing the patient's blood, cleansing it, and returning it to the body.
B)can be done at home by pumping dialysis solution into the abdominal cavity.
C)only needs to be performed once a month.
D)fits all of these descriptions.
E)fits none of these descriptions.

Question 76

Reabsorption of water anessential solutes occurs in thregion labeled

A)1.
B)2.
C)3.
D)4.
E)as none of these.

Question 77

Kidney failure

A)occurs when a person's filtration rate decreases by 50%.
B)can be fatal.
C)can be caused by high blood pressure.
D)can be caused by diabetes mellitus.
E)has all of these characteristics.

Question 78

Diets that arhigh in proteins

A)can encourage kidney stone formation.
B)can help protect against kidney stone formation.
C)have no impact on kidney stone formation.
D)can stress the kidneys.
E)can encourage kidney stone formation and can stress the kidneys.

Question 79

Thabovdiagrarepresents a single

A)nephron.
B)kidney.
C)renal capillary.
D)renal vein.
E)renal artery.

Question 80

Tubular secretion occurs in thregion labeled

A)1.
B)2.
C)3.
D)4.
E)as none of these.