Deck 21: Circulation and Respiration

Question 1

Smoking cigarettes can leato which of thfollowing?

A)immobilization of the cilia of the respiratory tract
B)death of white blood cells that patrol the respiratory lining
C)constriction of the blood vessels
D)increase in bad cholesterol, decrease in good cholesterol
E)all of these

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Amphibian anmost reptiles have

A)a two-chambered heart with two blood flow circuits.
B)a three-chambered heart with two blood flow circuits.
C)a four-chambered heart with two blood flow circuits.
D)a three-chambered heart with one blood flow circuit.
E)a two-chambered heart with one blood flow circuit.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Smokfroonly oncigarettwill immobilizcilia for

A)minutes.
B)days.
C)hours.
D)forever.
E)weeks.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In thabovdiagram, C represents which of thfollowing structures?

A)large diameter blood vessel
B)capillary beds
C)the zone of diffusion of gases and nutrients
D)the heart
E)large diameter blood vessel and the zone of diffusion of gases and nutrients

Question 5

Which of thfollowing organisms has a closecirculatory system?

A)flatworm
B)sea anemone
C)earthworm
D)human
E)sea anemone and human

Question 6

Circulatory systems

A)are found in small, simple animals.
B)result in slow distribution of nutrients and gases.
C)include one or more hearts.
D)are always closed systems.
E)are all of these.

Question 7

Thcirculatory systeabovwoulbrepresentativof a circulatory systefounin a(n)

A)frog.
B)pig.
C)bird.
D)grasshopper.
E)pig and a bird.

Question 8

Sominvertebrates can movgases across their cell's membranby

A)active transport.
B)facilitated diffusion through interstitial fluid.
C)receptor mediated endocytosis.
D)simple diffusion through interstitial fluid.
E)none of these.

Question 9

Thpulmonary circuit involves bloomoving from

A)the heart, to the lungs, back to the heart, then to the body tissues.
B)the heart, to the lungs, and directly to the body tissues.
C)the heart, to the body tissue, then to the lungs.
D)the lungs, to the body tissue, then to the heart.
E)none of these.

Question 10

In thfish, which of thfollowing represents thorder of decreasing pressuras thblooleaves thventricles duto contraction?

A)body capillary, gill capillary, atrium
B)atrium, body capillary, gill capillary
C)gill capillary, body capillary, atrium
D)body capillary, atrium, gill capillary
E)gill capillary, atrium, body capillary

Question 11

Fishes have

A)an open circulatory system with a two-chambered heart.
B)a closed circulatory system with a two-chambered heart.
C)a closed circulatory system with two hearts.
D)a closed circulatory system with a three-chambered heart.
E)an open circulatory system with a three-chambered heart.

Question 12

Using thflow chart, starting with thheart angoing in order 1-5, which is thcorrect order of blooflow?

A)capillaries, venules, veins, arteries, arterioles
B)arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillaries
C)arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
D)veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, arteries
E)arteries, veins, arterioles, capillaries, venules

Question 13

An animal with an open circulatory system

A)lacks a continuous network of blood vessels that contain the blood at all times.
B)can have only one heart.
C)relies on diffusion to transfer gases and nutrients between blood and other tissues.
D)is able to distribute substances faster than a closed system.
E)does none of these.

Question 14

Smoking immobilizes thcilia that linthrespiratory tract, leading to which of thfollowing?

A)reduced circulation
B)inability to sweep out airborne pathogens and pollutants
C)inability to smell
D)constricting of the blood vessels
E)all of these

Question 15

Exposurto seconhansmokcauses

A)about 3,000 lung cancer deaths/year.
B)about 300 lung cancer deaths/year.
C)about 30,000 lung cancer deaths/year.
D)no adverse health conditions.
E)none of these.

Question 16

Why does blooflow frothsmall intestinal capillary beto thliver capillary bed?

A)to facilitate delivery of glucose to the liver
B)to facilitate delivery of carbon dioxide to the liver
C)to help slow down its flow before it heads back to the heart
D)to accomplish both a and c
E)to accomplish all of these

Question 17

Health problems associatewith smoking include

A)stroke.
B)breast cancer in women.
C)clogged arteries.
D)heart attacks.
E)all of these.

Question 18

Thabovdiagrais an examplof

A)a closed circulatory system with one heart.
B)an open circulatory system with one heart.
C)a closed circulatory system with seven hearts.
D)an open circulatory system with seven hearts.
E)none of these.

Question 19

Arteries

A)are narrow in diameter.
B)carry blood away from the heart.
C)only carry oxygenated blood.
D)are vessels found only in humans.
E)are all of these.

Question 20

In thabovdiagram, B represents which of thfollowing structures?

A)large diameter blood vessel
B)capillary beds
C)the zone of diffusion of gases and nutrients
D)the heart
E)capillary beds and the zone of diffusion of gases and nutrients

Question 21

In this diagraof thheart, which of thfollowing choices correctly identifies A anB?

A)A is the AV node; B is the cardiac pacemaker.
B)A is the SA node; B is the septum.
C)A is the AV node; B is the SA node.
D)A is the SA node; B is the AV node.
E)A is the septum; B is the cardiac pacemaker.

Question 22

Which of thfollowing will trigger thformation of a blooclot?

A)fibrinogen sticking to collagen fibers of the torn vessel walls
B)fibrinogen sticking to red blood cells
C)platelets binding to white blood cells
D)the secretion of blood proteins by red blood cells
E)all of these

Question 23

During thcardiac cycle, which of thfollowing is thcorrect order of events?

A)atria contract, atria and ventricles relax, ventricles contract
B)ventricles contract, atria contract, atria and ventricles relax
C)atria and ventricles relax, atria contract, ventricles contract
D)ventricles contract, atria and ventricles relax, atria contract
E)none of these

Question 24

THE HUMAN HEART

For questions , refer to the diagram above.
ThstructurlabeleG is the

A)aorta.
B)left atrium.
C)left ventricle.
D)right atrium.
E)superior vena cava.

Question 25

Use the above figure to answer questions
What typof bloovessel is identifieas C?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)vein
D)venule
E)capillary

Question 26

THE HUMAN HEART

For questions , refer to the diagram above.
ThstructurlabeleA is the

A)aorta.
B)left ventricle.
C)trunk of the pulmonary arteries.
D)left atrium.
E)superior vena cava.

Question 27

THE HUMAN HEART

For questions , refer to the diagram above.
ThstructurlabeleB is the

A)aorta.
B)right atrium.
C)left atrium.
D)trunk of the pulmonary arteries.
E)superior vena cava.

Question 28

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A)is most effective when started at least three minutes after cardiac arrest.
B)when performed correctly, keeps oxygen flowing to tissues when the heart stops.
C)requires mouth-to-mouth respiration OR chest compressions, never both.
D)when performed correctly can restart the heart.
E)is true of all of these.

Question 29

Use the above figure to answer questions
Bloopressuris thhighest in th__________, which is representeby thvessels in thfigurabovanlabele__________.

A)artery; C
B)arteriole; C
C)vein; A
D)capillary; C
E)artery; A

Question 30

Plasma is responsiblfor transporting

A)nutrients.
B)wastes.
C)signaling molecules.
D)various proteins.
E)all these.

Question 31

THE HUMAN HEART

For questions , refer to the diagram above.
Thstructurlabeleis the

A)aorta.
B)right atrium.
C)left atrium.
D)trunk of the pulmonary arteries.
E)superior vena cava.

Question 32

On average, how much bloodoes an averagadult have?

A)45 liters
B)4.5 liters
C)20 liters
D)2.0 liters
E)unknown

Question 33

If a small vessel is torn, which component of thbloowill temporarily fill thbreach?

A)plasma
B)leukocytes
C)platelets
D)red blood cells
E)all of these

Question 34

Thbulging of a(n) __________ during thcontraction of thventricles is referreto as __________.

A)arteriole; pulse
B)artery; blood pressure
C)arteriole; blood pressure
D)artery; pulse
E)vein; pulse

Question 35

THE HUMAN HEART

For questions , refer to the diagram above.
ThstructurlabeleC is the

A)aorta.
B)left atrium.
C)left ventricle.
D)trunk of the pulmonary arteries.
E)right ventricle.

Question 36

__________ is (are) thtransport mediufor bloocells anplatelets

A)Pure water
B)Plasma
C)Lymph fluid
D)Plasma and lymph fluid
E)None of these

Question 37

THE HUMAN HEART

For questions , refer to the diagram above.
ThstructurlabeleF is the

A)aorta.
B)left atrium.
C)left ventricle.
D)trunk of the pulmonary arteries.
E)superior vena cava.

Question 38

What is thdriving forcfor bloocirculation in thhuman heart?

A)contractions of the aorta
B)contractions of the ventricles
C)contractions of the atria
D)skeletal muscle contractions
E)contractions of the vena cava

Question 39

Rebloocells

A)have a large nucleus when they enter circulation.
B)do not have a nucleus when they enter circulation.
C)are the only cells to lack hemoglobin.
D)develop in the thymus.
E)fit none of these descriptions.

Question 40

Which chamber of thheart has ththickest walls?

A)right atria
B)right ventricles
C)left atria
D)left ventricles
E)the right ventricles and the left ventricles have walls of equal thickness

Question 41

Gas exchangbetween thblooaninterstitial fluioccurs via

A)diffusion.
B)active transport.
C)passive transport.
D)endocytosis.
E)all of these.

Question 42

Use the above diagram to answer questions

When you swallow, th__________ covers thentrancto thlarynx.This structuris identifieanlabeleas letter __________ in thabovdiagram.

A)epiglottis; E
B)pharynx; B
C)glottis; C
D)epiglottis; C
E)trachea; E

Question 43

As blooleaves thheart, which of thfollowing is thcorrect order of vessels traveled?

A)vein, arteries, capillaries, venules, arterioles
B)arteries, veins, capillaries, arterioles, venules
C)arteries, capillaries, arterioles, venules, veins
D)arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
E)veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, arteries

Question 44

Which vessel of thhuman body can servas a blooreservoir?

A)vein
B)venule
C)capillary
D)arteriole
E)artery

Question 45

Respiration

A)is only necessary for mammals.
B)in most animals involves both the circulatory and respiratory systems.
C)must occur over a dry surface.
D)is an anaerobic process.
E)is only necessary for mammals, and must occur over a dry surface.

Question 46

Extra fluithat leaks out of thcapillary beenters

A)the surrounding cells.
B)the lymphatic system.
C)the venules.
D)the capillary again.
E)the adjoining arterioles.

Question 47

Thvessels with thlargest diameter arthe

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Question 48

Integument exchangis a means of respiration founin

A)flatworms.
B)frogs.
C)birds.
D)snakes.
E)flatworms and frogs.

Question 49

Blooflow distribution can badjusteby adjusting thdiameter of the

A)arteries.
B)capillaries.
C)arterioles.
D)veins.
E)venules.

Question 50

Oxygen will diffusacross gill membranes into thbloobecause

A)oxygen is in higher concentration in the blood compared to the water.
B)oxygen is in lower concentration in the water compared to the blood.
C)oxygen is in higher concentration in the water than in the blood.
D)oxygen is in equal concentration in both the blood and the water.
E)of none of these.

Question 51

Insects us__________ as a respiratory system.

A)integument exchange
B)lungs
C)tracheal exchange
D)gills
E)none of these

Question 52

As blooflows through thcapillary bed,

A)blood pressure increases.
B)blood pressure remains constant.
C)blood pressure decreases.
D)blood doesn't move through capillaries.
E)none of these occur.

Question 53

A largrespiratory surface

A)results in a slow rate of gas exchange.
B)results in a faster rate of gas exchange.
C)has no effect on the rate of gas exchange.
D)is important to support the respiratory needs of large animals.
E)results in a faster rate of gas exchange, and is important to support the respiratory needs of large animals.

Question 54

After a largmeal

A)arteries supplying blood to the gut dilate.
B)arteries supplying blood to the gut constrict.
C)arterioles supplying blood to the gut dilate.
D)arterioles supplying blood to the skeletal muscles dilate.
E)arteries supplying blood to the small intestine constrict

Question 55

Ththinnest vessels in thhuman circulatory systearthe

A)veins.
B)capillaries.
C)arteries.
D)arterioles.
E)venules.

Question 56

Lungs are

A)internal organs with respiratory surfaces in the shape of little sacs.
B)found in some fish.
C)evolutionarily formed as outpouchings of the gut of some fishes.
D)internal organs with respiratory surfaces in the shape of little sacs and are found in some fish.
E)all of these.

Question 57

Humans __________ air into their lungs, anfrogs __________ air into their lungs.

A)pull; push
B)push;, pull
C)pull; pull
D)push; push
E)pull; diffuse

Question 58

In order to adapt to thhigh oxygen demands of flight, birds

A)have simple lungs.
B)have air sacs connected to their lungs.
C)use carbon dioxide for respiration.
D)can diffuse oxygen through the roof of their mouth.
E)have simple lungs, and can diffuse oxygen through the roof of their mouth.

Question 59

__________ is thlowest bloopressurof thcardiac cyclanoccurs when th__________.

A)Systolic pressure; ventricles are fully relaxed
B)Diastolic pressure; ventricles are contracting
C)Systolic pressure; ventricles are contracting
D)Diastolic pressure; ventricles are fully relaxed
E)None of these

Question 60

Varicosveins

A)may result when vein valves fail.
B)may result when veins over fill with blood.
C)usually occur in the legs.
D)may result when vein valves fail, may result when veins over fill with blood, and usually occur in the legs.
E)fit none of these characteristics.

Question 61

Use the above diagram to answer questions

In thabovdiagram, th__________ is (are) labelewith thletter J.

A)bronchi
B)bronchioles
C)diaphragm
D)alveoli
E)trachea

Question 62

When a spacinsidan artery becomes narrowed, thcondition is called

A)atherosclerosis.
B)stroke.
C)hemophilia.
D)leukemia.
E)heart attack.

Question 63

A genetic disorder that involves impaireblooclotting is

A)leukemia.
B)sickle cell anemia.
C)hemophilia.
D)atherosclerosis.
E)hypertension.

Question 64

Smoking can cause

A)some arteries to constrict.
B)some arteries to widen.
C)premature aging.
D)inability for men to achieve and sustain an erection.
E)all of these.

Question 65

Most carbon dioxidis carrieback to thlungs

A)bound to hemoglobin.
B)as dissolved bicarbonate.
C)as dissolved carbon dioxide.
D)via carbon dioxide carrying proteins.
E)in none of these ways.

Question 66

An embolus is different froa thrombus in that

A)an embolus is a clot that is stationary; a thrombus is a clot that travels in the blood.
B)an embolus is a clot that travels in the blood; a thrombus is a clot that is stationary.
C)an embolus is a clot; a thrombus is a scab.
D)only a thrombus can cause a stroke.
E)both a and d are true.

Question 67

Littlthin-walleair sacs that arthsites of gas exchangin thlungs are

A)the alveoli.
B)the bronchioles.
C)the glottis.
D)the epiglottis.
E)none of these.

Question 68

Onbreath in anonbreath out constitutes

A)the cardiac cycle.
B)the cardiorespiratory cycle.
C)the respiratory cycle.
D)the circulatory cycle.
E)none of these.

Question 69

Thpulmonary capillaries

A)are closely associated with alveoli but do not fuse.
B)fuse with the alveoli to facilitate gas exchange.
C)bring oxygenated blood back to the heart.
D)bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
E)fuse with the alveoli to facilitate gas exchange, and bring oxygenated blood back to the heart.

Question 70

Anemia refers to

A)too many or abnormal red blood cells.
B)too few or abnormal white blood cells.
C)too few or abnormal red blood cells.
D)too many or abnormal white blood cells.
E)a form of leukemia.

Question 71

Marijuana

A)is much safer than tobacco.
B)has not been shown to cause lung damage.
C)has not been shown to increase the risk of lung cancer.
D)contains more tart than tobacco.
E)fits all of these descriptions.

Question 72

Exhalation

A)is always active.
B)is always passive.
C)may be both active and passive.
D)causes the diaphragm to move upward.
E)may be both active and passive, and causes the diaphragm to move upward.

Question 73

Leukemias

A)involve too many white blood cells.
B)are a form of cancer.
C)include hemophilia.
D)involve too many white blood cells, and are a form of cancer.
E)involve too many white blood cells, are a form of cancer, and include hemophilia.

Question 74

A person with anemia many experience

A)fatigue.
B)hyperactivity.
C)hot flashes.
D)increased blood pressure.
E)all of these.

Question 75

Use the above diagram to answer questions

In thabovdiagram, th__________ is (are) labelewith thletter E.

A)esophagus
B)larynx
C)trachea
D)epiglottis
E)bronchi

Question 76

Emphysema

A)is potentially fatal but may be treated with antibiotics.
B)is usually caused by smoking.
C)is genetically inherited in almost all cases.
D)affects women twice as often as men.
E)is potentially fatal but may be treated with antibiotics, and is genetically inherited in almost all cases.

Question 77

Blooconsists of all of thfollowing EXCEPT

A)plasma.
B)platelets.
C)white blood cells.
D)adipose cells.
E)red blood cells.

Question 78

A strokmay occur when

A)a vessel in the brain ruptures.
B)a vessel in the heart ruptures.
C)a vessel in the brain is blocked by a clot.
D)a vessel in the heart is blocked by a clot.
E)a vessel in the heart ruptures, and a vessel in the brain is blocked by a clot.

Question 79

Inhalation

A)causes the diaphragm to flatten downwards.
B)is always active.
C)causes the rib cage to move upward.
D)causes the thoracic cavity to expand.
E)does all of these.

Question 80

Which of thfollowing is a uniqufeaturof thdiaphragm?

A)It is the only smooth muscle in the human body.
B)It is the only smooth muscle that can be voluntarily controlled.
C)It is only found in humans.
D)All of these are unique features.
E)None of these are unique features.