Deck 21: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Question 1

Which type of body tissue contains the least amount of water?

A) adipose tissue
B) bone tissue
C) muscle tissue
D) nerve tissue

Answer 1

adipose tissue

Question 2

Which of the following hormones does not play a role in fluid regulation?

A) ADH
B) aldosterone
C) ACTH
D) ANH

Answer 2

ACTH

Question 3

The volume of which fluid is the most variable?

A) interstitial fluid
B) blood plasma
C) cerebrospinal fluid
D) intracellular fluid

Answer 3

interstitial fluid

Question 4

Which of the following increases interstitial fluid volume?

A) a drop in capillary blood pressure
B) a drop in blood protein levels
C) an increase in capillary blood pressure
D) both B and C

Question 5

The hormone aldosterone causes the _____ by the kidneys.

A) loss of sodium ions
B) loss of water
C) resorption of sodium ions
D) both A and B

Question 6

The largest volume of water in the body is found in which type of fluid?

A) lymph
B) intracellular fluid
C) interstitial fluid
D) blood plasma

Question 7

Which group of people has the highest percentage of body water?

A) young adult males
B) young adult females
C) babies
D) the elderly

Question 8

The hormone aldosterone causes a(n)_____ the kidneys.

A) resorption of chloride ions by
B) resorption of sodium ions by
C) increase in the resorption of water in
D) both B and C

Question 9

Hyperkalemia is a(n)_____-normal level of _____ in the blood.

A) above; sodium
B) below; sodium
C) above; calcium
D) above; potassium

Question 10

An increase in capillary blood pressure _____ volume.

A) increases blood plasma
B) increases interstitial fluid
C) decreases interstitial fluid
D) both B and C

Question 11

Which group of people has the lowest percentage of body water?

A) young adult females
B) young adult males
C) babies
D) the elderly

Question 12

An increase in blood protein levels _____ volume.

A) increases blood plasma
B) increases interstitial fluid
C) decreases interstitial fluid
D) both A and C

Question 13

The positively charged ion with the greatest concentration in the blood is

A) calcium
B) sodium
C) magnesium
D) potassium

Question 14

Loss of skin elasticity is a clinical sign of

A) edema
B) dehydration
C) overhydration
D) hypersecretion of aldosterone

Question 15

Which of the following is not a source of water for the body?

A) food
B) ingested liquids
C) anabolism of food
D) catabolism of food

Question 16

Hyponatremia is a(n)_____-normal level of _____ in the blood.

A) above; sodium
B) below; sodium
C) below; calcium
D) below; potassium

Question 17

Which of the following is not considered part of the extracellular fluid?

A) interstitial fluid
B) plasma
C) lymph
D) All of the above are considered extracellular fluid.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a source of water loss for the body?

A) catabolism of food
B) the lungs
C) the kidneys
D) the skin

Question 19

Which of the following decreases interstitial fluid volume?

A) a drop in capillary blood pressure
B) a drop in blood protein levels
C) an increase in capillary blood pressure
D) both B and C

Question 20

The negatively charged ion with the greatest concentration in the blood is

A) protein
B) bicarbonate
C) chloride
D) phosphate

Question 21

Blood plasma,cerebrospinal fluid,and lymph are all considered interstitial fluid.

Question 22

The hormone ADH is produced by the adrenal cortex and acts to reduce the amount of urine produced.

Question 23

Obese people tend to have a lower percentage of body water than more slender people do.

Question 24

Blood plasma,cerebrospinal fluid,and lymph are all considered extracellular fluid.

Question 25

Because muscle tissue has less water than adipose tissue,a person who is overweight has a higher percentage of body water than does a person in better physical condition.

Question 26

Muscle tissue has the least amount of water compared with any other body tissue.

Question 27

Babies tend to have a higher percentage of body water than the elderly do.

Question 28

The most abundant compound in the body is

A) protein
B) lipids
C) carbohydrates
D) none of the above

Question 29

In a newborn,water can account for as much as _____% of body weight.

A) 40
B) 60
C) 80
D) 50

Question 30

The hormone ANH is produced by the heart and acts to increase the amount of urine produced.

Question 31

No matter how dehydrated a person becomes,fluid will still be lost by the lungs.

Question 32

There is more fluid inside the cells of the body than outside the cells of the body.

Question 33

Fluid balance means that the total volume and distribution of water in the body remain relatively constant and within normal limits.

Question 34

Which of the following is not considered a major factor for controlling plasma,interstitial fluid,and intracellular fluid?

A) the concentration of electrolytes in extracellular fluid
B) the concentration of protein in the blood
C) the absorption of fluid by the small intestine
D) All of the above are major factors for controlling plasma,interstitial fluid,and intracellular fluid.

Question 35

The chief mechanism used by the body to maintain fluid balance is adjusting fluid intake.

Question 36

Women tend to have a higher percentage of body water than do men.

Question 37

Which of the following organs do not contribute to fluid output?

A) skeletal muscles
B) kidneys
C) skin
D) lungs

Question 38

The kidneys,the lungs,and the catabolism of food all contribute to water loss in the body.

Question 39

The food that we eat,the fluids we drink,and the catabolism of food all contribute to an input of water to the body.

Question 40

Because there are hormones in the body that can prevent the kidneys from producing urine,in a condition of severe dehydration,the body's fluid loss can be reduced to zero.

Question 41

A decrease in capillary blood pressure and an increase in blood protein have the same effect on interstitial fluid volume: An increase in the volume.

Question 42

Table salt (NaCl)is an electrolyte.

Question 43

An increase in blood protein decreases the volume of fluid in the blood.

Question 44

Blood plasma is the body fluid that varies the most.

Question 45

If sodium moves into the interstitial fluid,the volume of blood increases.

Question 46

Salt must constantly be taken in by the diet because there is a loss of about 1000 mEq per day through the digestive system.

Question 47

An increase in capillary blood pressure and a decrease in blood protein have opposite effects on the interstitial fluid.

Question 48

Aldosterone increases the absorption of sodium from the kidneys and thereby increases the amount of urine produced.

Question 49

When NaCl is dissolved in water,it dissociates into ions.

Question 50

An increase in capillary blood pressure increases the volume of interstitial fluid.

Question 51

If sodium moves into the interstitial fluid,edema could result.

Question 52

Sodium has the highest concentration of any negative ion in the blood.

Question 53

An increase in capillary blood pressure and an increase in blood protein have opposite effects on the interstitial fluid volume.

Question 54

If sodium were in high concentration in the blood,the volume of blood would increase.

Question 55

Because glucose dissociates into ions when it is dissolved in water,it is called an electrolyte.

Question 56

Interstitial fluid is the body fluid that varies the most.

Question 57

Because they have the smallest amount of water in their body,babies are most at risk for severe dehydration resulting from vomiting or diarrhea than any other age-group.

Question 58

Because they have the lowest percentage of body water,the elderly are most at risk for severe dehydration resulting from vomiting or diarrhea than any other age-group.

Question 59

An increase in blood protein decreases the volume of interstitial fluid.

Question 60

Potassium has the highest concentration of any positive ion in the blood.

Question 61

MATCHING
Match each term or phrase with its corresponding description or definition.
an atom or molecule with a positive or negative charge

A)ion
B)dehydration
C)intracellular fluid
D)hypokalemia
E)ADH
F)decrease in capillary blood pressure
G)ANH
H)hypocalcemia
I)drop in blood protein levels
J)electrolyte
K)hyponatremia
L)overhydration
M)aldosterone
N)interstitial fluid
O)edema

Question 62

When a person starts to become dehydrated,signals from the hypothalamus cause a reduction in the amount of saliva produced,which makes a person feel thirsty.

Question 63

Nonelectrolytes do not generate ions.

Question 64

To maintain proper homeostasis,all body fluids must have the same level and types of electrolytes.

Question 65

MATCHING
Match each term or phrase with its corresponding description or definition.
type of fluid that is the most variable of the body fluids

A)ion
B)dehydration
C)intracellular fluid
D)hypokalemia
E)ADH
F)decrease in capillary blood pressure
G)ANH
H)hypocalcemia
I)drop in blood protein levels
J)electrolyte
K)hyponatremia
L)overhydration
M)aldosterone
N)interstitial fluid
O)edema

Question 66

When a person becomes dehydrated,both the volume of the extracellular fluid and the electrolyte concentration of the extracellular fluid are reduced.

Question 67

MATCHING
Match each term or phrase with its corresponding description or definition.
substance that dissociates into ions when it dissolves in water

A)ion
B)dehydration
C)intracellular fluid
D)hypokalemia
E)ADH
F)decrease in capillary blood pressure
G)ANH
H)hypocalcemia
I)drop in blood protein levels
J)electrolyte
K)hyponatremia
L)overhydration
M)aldosterone
N)interstitial fluid
O)edema

Question 68

MATCHING
Match each term or phrase with its corresponding description or definition.
condition of which loss of skin elasticity is a clinical sign

A)ion
B)dehydration
C)intracellular fluid
D)hypokalemia
E)ADH
F)decrease in capillary blood pressure
G)ANH
H)hypocalcemia
I)drop in blood protein levels
J)electrolyte
K)hyponatremia
L)overhydration
M)aldosterone
N)interstitial fluid
O)edema

Question 69

An overdose of vitamin D can cause hyperkalemia.

Question 70

Drugs frequently are less effective in the elderly than they are in younger people because the elderly have a higher percent of body water,which overdilutes the drug.

Question 71

Having enough table salt in the diet can prevent hyponatremia.

Question 72

MATCHING
Match each term or phrase with its corresponding description or definition.
a fluid-regulating hormone that is released by the pituitary gland

A)ion
B)dehydration
C)intracellular fluid
D)hypokalemia
E)ADH
F)decrease in capillary blood pressure
G)ANH
H)hypocalcemia
I)drop in blood protein levels
J)electrolyte
K)hyponatremia
L)overhydration
M)aldosterone
N)interstitial fluid
O)edema

Question 73

MATCHING
Match each term or phrase with its corresponding description or definition.
condition in which the blood sodium level is below normal

A)ion
B)dehydration
C)intracellular fluid
D)hypokalemia
E)ADH
F)decrease in capillary blood pressure
G)ANH
H)hypocalcemia
I)drop in blood protein levels
J)electrolyte
K)hyponatremia
L)overhydration
M)aldosterone
N)interstitial fluid
O)edema

Question 74

Both aldosterone and ADH reduce the amount of urine produced.

Question 75

Both too much and too little potassium can cause muscle weakness and heart problems.

Question 76

One of the organs that is most stressed from overhydration is the heart.

Question 77

The most abundant compound in the human body is water.

Question 78

Too little calcium can decrease neuromuscular irritability resulting in fatigue,muscle weakness,and diminished reflexes.

Question 79

Giving intravenous fluids too rapidly can cause overhydration,which can put a heavy burden on the kidneys.

Question 80

Through diet and exercise,Jane lost more than 50 pounds.This means she also reduced her percentage of body water.