Deck 14: Environmental Health

Question 1

The least squares method will minimize the sum of squares ______ when describing the equation that best fits the ordered pairs.

A)regression
B)within
C)error
D)between

Answer 1

error

Question 2

According to these regression results, the average selling price for a 7- year old car is ________ .

A)$10,150
B)$11,435
C)$8,138
D)$9,663

Answer 2

$8,138

Question 3

The ______ is used to test the significance of the population coefficient of determination.

A)chi- square distribution
B)normal distribution
C)Student's t- distribution
D)F- distribution

Answer 3

F- distribution

Question 4

The size of the sample is _____.

A)10
B)13
C)12
D)14

Question 5

The percentage of the variation in weekly rental that is explained by the square footage of the property is _______.

A)22.45
B)47.38
C)15.99
D)52.58

Question 6

Which one of the following statements is true using α = 0.10?

A)Because the 90% confidence interval for the population slope includes zero, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no relationship between the hours of sleep and the age of the adult.
B)Because the 90% confidence interval for the population slope does not include zero, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no relationship between the hours of sleep and the age of the adult.
C)Because the 90% confidence interval for the population slope includes zero, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the hours of sleep and the age of the adult.
D)Because the 90% confidence interval for the population slope does not include zero, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the hours of sleep and the age of the adult.

Question 7

According to these regression results, the average number of hours that a person who is 40 years old is ______ .

A)7.7
B)8.4
C)6.8
D)7.1

Question 8

The _______ measures the amount of dispersion of observed data around a regression line.

A)standard error of the slope
B)standard error of the estimate
C)coefficient of determination
D)correlation coefficient

Question 9

The ________ measures the variation in the dependent variable that is explained by variables other than the independent variable in simple regression analysis.

A)sum of squares within
B)sum of squares regression
C)sum of squares error
D)total sum of squares

Question 10

The percentage of the variation in hours of sleep per night that is explained by the age of the adult is _____.

A)39.07
B)15.27
C)23.60
D)11.23

Question 11

Which one of the following statements is true using α = 0.05?

A)Because the 95% confidence interval for the population slope includes zero, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the age and selling price of a used car.
B)Because the 95% confidence interval for the population slope includes zero, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the age and selling price of a used car.
C)Because the 95% confidence interval for the population slope does not include zero, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the age and selling price of a used car.
D)Because the 95% confidence interval for the population slope does not include zero, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the age and selling price of a used car.

Question 12

The size of the sample is ______.

A)24
B)23
C)22
D)21

Question 13

The measures the variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the independent variable in simple regression analysis.

A)sum of squares regression
B)sum of squares within
C)total sum of squares
D)sum of squares error

Question 14

The formula for the equation describing a straight line is y^ = b₀ + b₁x. The value for b0 in this equation represents the .

A)slope of the straight line
B)independent variable
C)predicted value of y given a value of x
D)y- intercept of the straight line

Question 15

The technique of _______ enables us to describe a straight line that best fits a series of ordered pairs (x,y).

A)correlation analysis
B)analysis of variance
C)simple regression analysis
D)hypothesis testing

Question 16

According to these regression results, the average weekly rental for a property that is 2,000 square feet is ______ .

A)$1,750
B)$1,473
C)$1,598
D)$1,219

Question 17

Which one of the following statements is true using α = 0.05?

A)Because the 95% confidence interval for the population slope does not include zero, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the weekly rental and square footage of beach property.
B)Because the 95% confidence interval for the population slope does not include zero, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no relationship between the weekly rental and square footage of beach property.
C)Because the 95% confidence interval for the population slope includes zero, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the weekly rental and square footage of beach property.
D)Because the 95% confidence interval for the population slope includes zero, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no relationship between the weekly rental and square footage of beach property.

Question 18

Which one of the following statements is true using α = 0.10?

A)Because the p- value for the slope is 0.065, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no relationship between the hours of sleep and the age of the adult.
B)Because the p- value for the slope is 0.065, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the hours of sleep and the age of the adult.
C)Because the p- value for the slope is 0.065, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no relationship between the hours of sleep and the age of the adult.
D)Because the p- value for the slope is 0.065, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the hours of sleep and the age of the adult.

Question 19

An assumption of regression analysis is homoscedasticity, which states that the

A)residuals exhibit no patterns across values for the independent variable.
B)residuals exhibit no patterns across values for the dependent variable.
C)variation of the dependent variable is the same across all values for the independent variable.
D)relationship between the independent and dependent variables is linear.

Question 20

The percentage of the variation in selling price that is explained by the age of the used car is ______.

A)62.17
B)78.85
C)54.61
D)43.12

Question 21

The correlation coefficient measures the percentage of the total variation of the dependent variable that is explained by the independent variable from a sample.

Question 22

The size of the sample is ______.

A)8
B)6
C)5
D)7

Question 23

A scatter plot is a useful tool to examine the data before conducting correlation analysis.

Question 24

The formula for the equation describing a straight line is $$\hat { y }$$ = b₀ + b₁x. The value for b1 in this equation represents the ______.

A)y- intercept of the straight line
B)independent variable
C)slope of the straight line
D)predicted value of y given a value of x

Question 25

Which one of the following statements is true using α = 0.05?

A)Because the p- value for the slope is 0.0423, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the weekly rental and square footage of beach property.
B)Because the p- value for the slope is 0.0870, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the weekly rental and square footage of beach property.
C)Because the p- value for the slope is 0.0423, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the weekly rental and square footage of beach property.
D)Because the p- value for the slope is 0.0870, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no relationship between the weekly rental and square footage of beach property.

Question 26

The least squares method is a mathematical procedure used to identify the linear equation that best fits a set of ordered pairs.

Question 27

The ______ is used to test the significance of the population correlation coefficient.

A)chi- square distribution
B)F- distribution
C)Student's t- distribution
D)normal distribution

Question 28

If two variables have a correlation coefficient equal to +0.70 from a sample size of 9, we can conclude that the population correlation coefficient is greater than zero using α = 0.05.

Question 29

If the confidence interval for the regression slope includes zero, we would have some evidence that þ could be equal to zero, which would indicate that there may not be a relationship between the dependent and independent variables.

Question 30

The _________ measures how consistent the slope of the regression equation would be if several sets of samples from the population were selected and the regression equation were derived for each of them.

A)standard error of the slope
B)standard error of the estimate
C)coefficient of determination
D)correlation coefficient

Question 31

A dependent variable, x, explains the variation in another variable, which is called the independent variable, y.

Question 32

The correlation coefficient is a measure of the slope of the scatter plot for the independent and dependent variables.

Question 33

The slope value for a regression equation represents the average change in the dependent variable for a one- unit increase in the independent variable.

Question 34

Which one of the following statements is true using α = 0.05?

A)Because the p- value for the slope is 0.0002, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the age and selling price of a used car.
B)Because the p- value for the slope is 0.0351, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no relationship between the age and selling price of a used car.
C)Because the p- value for the slope is 0.0002, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the age and selling price of a used car.
D)Because the p- value for the slope is 0.0351, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between the age and selling price of a used car.

Question 35

The _______ measures the total variation in the dependent variable in simple regression analysis.

A)sum of squares error
B)sum of squares regression
C)total sum of squares
D)sum of squares within

Question 36

A correlation coefficient of - 0.80 is an indication of a weak negative relationship between two variables.

Question 37

A correlation analysis requires that the data be either ______ data or ______ data.

A)interval, ratio
B)nominal, ratio
C)ordinal, interval
D)nominal, interval

Question 38

Consider the relationship between the following variables:
· Household income
· Square footage of the primary residence
Household income would be considered the independent variable.

Question 39

A smaller standard error of the slope increases the likelihood that we can establish a significant relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Question 40

Two variables have a correlation coefficient equal to +0.55 from a sample size of 8. Which one of the following statements describes the results of the hypothesis test that the population correlation coefficient is greater than zero using α = 0.05?

A)Because the test statistic is less than the critical value, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the population correlation coefficient is not greater than zero.
B)Because the test statistic is less than the critical value, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the population correlation coefficient is not greater than zero.
C)Because the test statistic is greater than the critical value, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the population correlation coefficient is not greater than zero.
D)Because the test statistic is greater than the critical value, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the population correlation coefficient is greater than zero.

Question 41

Consider the relationship between the following variables:
· Monthly electricity bill for a household during the summer
· Average high ambient temperature during the summer months
Average high ambient temperature during the summer months would be considered the dependent variable.

Question 42

The values of the correlation coefficient range between - 1.0 and +1.0.

Question 43

When the relationship between the variables is statistically significant using simple regression analysis, we have enough evidence to state that the independent variable caused the change in the dependent variable.

Question 44

A horizontal slope on an xy scatter plot indicates that there is a strong relationship between the between the independent and dependent variables.

Question 45

The total sum of squares can never be negative.

Question 46

A coefficient of determination equal to zero indicates that there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Question 47

When the p- value for testing the significance of the regression slope is less than alpha, we conclude that there is a significant relationship between the dependent and independent variables.

Question 48

The widest confidence interval for an average value of y based on a value of x will occur at the average value for x.

Question 49

An ordered pair is a set of x and y values that pertain to a specific observation.

Question 50

The values of the coefficient of determination range between - 1.0 and +1.0.

Question 51

A 95% confidence interval will always be wider than a 95% prediction interval using the same value of x.

Question 52

If two variables have a correlation coefficient equal to - 0.60 from a sample size of 5, we can conclude that the population correlation coefficient is less than zero using α = 0.05.

Question 53

When the slope of a population regression line equals zero, we conclude that there is a linear relationship between the dependent and independent variables.

Question 54

The hypothesis test for the population coefficient of determination can be a one- tail test or a two- tail test.

Question 55

The hypothesis tests for the correlation coefficient, and the coefficient of determination will always produce the same conclusions.

Question 56

Given a regression equation of y^ = 15.6 - 3.8x, a one- unit increase in the independent variable would result in an average increase of 3.8 for the dependent variable.

Question 57

A relationship is linear if the scatter plot of the independent and dependent variables has a straight- line pattern.

Question 58

An assumption of regression analysis is that the relationship between the independent and dependent variables is linear.

Question 59

An assumption of a regression analysis is that the residuals exhibit no patterns across values for the dependent variable.

Question 60

The line that best fits the ordered pairs using the least squares method is called the residual line.

Question 61

Using the regression equation to predict values for the dependent variable beyond the range of the data may provide results that are unreliable.

Question 62

If the slope of the simple regression equation is equal to zero, the scatter plot for the ordered pairs will be a vertical straight line indicating that there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Question 63

The difference between the actual data value and the dependent variable is known as the residual.

Question 64

If two variables have a correlation coefficient equal to +0.75, the scatter plot will have an upward slope moving from left to right.