Deck 17: Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesion, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

Question 1

Some observations have suggested to researchers that substances associated with the extracellular matrix may be involved in cell migration. This has been observed with the cell marker CD44 on the surface of cancer cells and their ability to be separate from one another and to easily metastasize to other regions of the body. This is most likely due to the interaction of CD44 and

A)elastin.
B)chondrotin sulfate.
C)hyaluronate.
D)fibronectins.
E)ICAMs.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In the extracellular matrix of animal cells, collagen and elastin fibers are embedded with this matrix.

A)glycoaminoglycans
B)proteoplycans
C)lignins
D)pectins
E)both A and B

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The organ where you would most likely expect to find actin microfilaments continuous with adherens junctions is the

A)brain.
B)stomach.
C)kidney.
D)heart.
E)liver.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A patient rushed to the emergency room immediately needs a blood transfusion. The patient is found to have only anti- A antibodies in circulation. The blood type of this individual must be

A)AB.
B)O.
C)A.
D)B.

Question 5

The plant cell wall network is comprised of all of the following EXCEPT

A)cellulose.
B)pectin.
C)hyaluronate.
D)hemicellulose.
E)extensin.

Question 6

Of the proteoglycans associated with the extracellular matrix in vertebrates, which of the following is associated with the lubrication of joints?

A)mucoproteins
B)glucuronate
C)hyaluronate
D)chondroitin sulfate
E)keratan sulfate

Question 7

The insoluble layer of aromatic alcohols that are primarily found in woody tissues are the

A)pectins.
B)lignins.
C)annulus.
D)cadherins.
E)proteoglycans.

Question 8

A newly defined autoimmune disorder has resulted in an immune response against Type V collagen fibers. As a result, the most likely organ to be targeted in this response would be the

A)lungs.
B)heart.
C)tongue.
D)stomach.
E)skin.

Question 9

Which of the following is correctly paired with regard to similarity in function?

A)plaques- plasmodesmata
B)tight junctions- gap junctions
C)connexons- desmosomes
D)adhesive junctions- tight junctions
E)desmotubule- gap junction

Question 10

You are investigating a clinical disorder in one of your patients. You discover that the patient has an autoimmune disease that targets and destroys fibroblasts. This disorder would most likely affect

A)fiber production by the cells, as occurs with blood clotting.
B)hyluronate production in the joints.
C)collagen production.
D)annulus formation.
E)all of the above

Question 11

In which of the following organs would you expect to find adhesive junctions in humans?

A)skin epithelium
B)uterus
C)heart muscle
D)both A and B
E)choices A, B, and C

Question 12

Focal contact is associated with which of the following cellular junction?

A)tight junctions
B)plasmodesmata
C)adhesive junction
D)gap junction
E)all of the above

Question 13

The primary polysaccharides associated with the plant cell wall are the

A)hemicelluloses.
B)fibronectins.
C)extensins.
D)pectins.
E)both A and D

Question 14

A type of adhesive junction that is associated with the connection between an epithelial cell and the basal lamella is the

A)hemidesmosome.
B)focal contact.
C)desmosome.
D)plasmodesmata.
E)gap junction.

Question 15

An elderly patient presents with blistering of the skin. You suspect an autoimmune disorder. If your suspicions are correct, you should find in the serum of the patient antibodies reactive to

A)vinculin.
B)actin.
C)alpha- actinin.
D)BPAG.
E)talin.

Question 16

The autoimmune response to desmosomes or desmosomal components (not hemidesmosomes)leads to a blistering skin disease known as

A)Ehlers- Danos syndrome.
B)listeriosis.
C)syndecan.
D)junctional epidermolysis bullosa.
E)pemphigus.

Question 17

You discover a dog suffering from a strange disorder that has been found to be due to an autoimmune response against its own cells. Upon further investigation, you find that the cells of various tissues are loosely arranged and do not have characteristic shapes, and that the animal is prone to hemorrhage as the result of poor blood clotting. Based on these results, the target of the autoimmune response could be

A)laminins.
B)desmotubules.
C)pectins.
D)fibronectins.
E)extensins.

Question 18

The type of cellular junction prominent in the stomach and kidney is the

A)tight junction.
B)laminin junction.
C)plasmodesmata.
D)adhesive junction.
E)gap junction.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT associated with adhesive junctions?

A)cadherins
B)plaques
C)connexin
D)desmosomes
E)hemidesmosomes

Question 20

Which of the following components is NOT associated with the primary cell wall?

A)pectins
B)hemicelluloses
C)lignins
D)cellulose microfibrils
E)glycoproteins

Question 21

The molecule of the extracellular matrix of animal cells that is associated with joint lubrication and friction reduction is

A)fibronectin.
B)pectin.
C)glycosaminoglycan.
D)hyaluronate.
E)proteoglycan.

Question 22

are the adhesive glycoproteins associated with most animal cells that function in calcium mediated cell- cell recognition and adhesion.

Question 23

You are investigating cell localization by targeting the carbohydrates associated with various cell types. Which of the following would help determine which carbohydrates are found on the cell surface based on this molecule's ability to bind various carbohydrates?

A)cadherins
B)proteoglycans
C)lectins
D)connexins
E)pectins

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT associated with the basal lamina?

A)can influence cell migrations in certain areas of the body
B)Fibronectins are most abundant here.
C)serves as a structural support
D)contains collagen type IV, proteoglycans, laminins, and entactin
E)allows for movement of some small molecules

Question 25

is the ring of cytoplasm lining the plasmodesmata.

Question 26

A collection of fibrous intracellular attachment proteins is called a(n)

A)connexon.
B)annulus.
C)plaque.
D)tonofilament.
E)both C and D

Question 27

Cadherins are associated with junctions.

Question 28

The serves as structural support, tissue organization, and a permeability barrier.

Question 29

Which of the following is MISMATCHED with regard to similar excellular structures in plant and animal cells?

A)extracellular matrix- cell wall
B)elastins- extensins
C)proteoglycans- hemicelluloses
D)fibronectins- pectins
E)collagens- cellulose

Question 30

Which of the following cell junctions are associated with the proper alignment of intestinal epithelial cells?

A)tight junctions
B)gap junctions
C)adhesive junctions
D)desmosomes
E)all of the above

Question 31

The three most common glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)are , , and
.

Question 32

In performing research, you treat frog zygotes with antibodies that bind E- cadherin. As a result, you expect

A)the cells to divide uncontrollably.
B)the cells to be loosely associated and abort development.
C)the cells to be loosely associated and develop into a novel strain of frog.
D)no change with regard to development.
E)the cells to become exclusively muscle tissue.

Question 33

Which of the following is false with regard to the extracellular matrix?

A)Bone and cartilage are examples of cells that have specialized extracellular matrices associated with their function.
B)Extracellular matrices play a role in determining the mechanical properties of tissues and organs.
C)Extracellular matrices are only found in association with eukaryotic cells.
D)These structures are external to the cell membrane, but are still an integral component of cell function.
E)Extracellular matrices play a role in determining the shape of a cell.

Question 34

A person is genotypically blood type A. However, this individual also does not produce the lipid to which N- acetylgalactosamine is added, and is therefore not expressed on the surface of erythrocytes. This situation is known as the Bombay phenotype. When tested, this person will appear to be blood type

A)B.
B)AB.
C)A.
D)O.

Question 35

Collagens are associated with which of the following types of cellular junctions?

A)adhesive junctions
B)gap junctions
C)plasmodesmata
D)tight junctions
E)none of the above