Deck 24: Cancer Cells

Question 1

Most cancers are

A)environmentally triggered.
B)the result of life style.
C)viral infections.
D)inherited.
E)both A and B

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following viruses has NOT been determined to be associated with a particular type of cancer?

A)human papilloma virus
B)hepatitis B virus
C)hepatitis C virus
D)Mimivirus
E)Epstein- Barr virus

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A cell that has lost its capacity to grow in vitro as a monolayer is now

A)anchorage- independent.
B)free- ranging.
C)benign.
D)malignant.
E)transformed.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The normal RB gene functions as

A)a proto- oncogene.
B)an activator of translation.
C)a cell surface receptor.
D)an inhibitor of transcription.
E)an activator of transcription.

Question 5

The correct order of events in metastasis of a cancer is

A)transport -invasion -angiogenesis -new site
B)angiogenesis -invasion -transport -new site
C)transport -angiogenesis -invasion -new site
D)angiogenesis -transport -invasion -new site
E)invasion -angiogenesis -transport -new site

Question 6

The branch of medicine that investigates the occurrence and distribution of diseases is

A)gene therapy.
B)pathology.
C)physiology.
D)immunology.
E)epidemiology.

Question 7

Judah Folkman used which model to discern the relationship between tumor growth and angiogenesis?

A)rabbit eye
B)thymus tissue
C)bone marrow
D)in vitro cells
E)mouse skin

Question 8

In a normal cell, cell death typically occurs in which phase of the cell cycle?

A)S
B)G2
C)M
D)G1
E)all of the above

Question 9

Telomere integrity in cancer cells is the result of

A)natural cell aging.
B)active telomerase activity.
C)exchange of DNA between chromosomes.
D)viral infection.
E)both B and C

Question 10

The individual credited for coining the term cancer is

A)Folkman.
B)Aristotle.
C)Paget.
D)Rous.
E)Hippocrates.

Question 11

In some forms of breast cancer, estrogen is a(n)

A)initiator.
B)mutagen.
C)promoter.
D)progressor.
E)inhibitor.

Question 12

A new compound developed in the lab was tested as a DNA mutagen. When the Ames test was performed, the results were numerous bacterial colonies following exposure. This result means

A)the chemical is safe.
B)the chemical can be moved to human trials.
C)the chemical is radioactive.
D)the chemical is a carcinogen and a low- mutagen.
E)the chemical is a mutagen and may also be a carcinogen.

Question 13

With regard to cancer cells in the process of metastasis to secondary sites, which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A)If they enter via lymphatics, cancer cells may multiply in regional lymph nodes.
B)Many cells from the primary mass may enter circulation.
C)The population of cancer cells is heterogeneous.
D)Very few cancer cells survive the bloodstream.
E)The population of cancer cells in the bloodstream is monoclonal.

Question 14

During microscopic examination of potential cancer cells, some of the cells are graded as anaplastic. This means they

A)are not aggressive.
B)divide slowly.
C)are poorly differentiated.
D)respond well to chemotherapy.
E)are easily identified to tissue of origin.

Question 15

Hereditary retinoblastoma is the result of a(n)in the RB gene of chromosome #13 in both homologs.

A)inversion
B)duplication
C)insertion
D)deletion
E)point mutation

Question 16

Promotion phase of carcinogenesis refers to

A)metabolic oxidation by a P450 cytochrome
B)enhanced levels or exposures to a carcinogen
C)precancerous cell progression to a cancerous cell
D)normal cell progression to a precancerous cell
E)amount of DNA damage in a cell

Question 17

Which of the following is FALSE with regard to cancer cells?

A)Growth is not stopped by high levels of DNA damage.
B)Most cancer cells die in G1 phase.
C)The cell cycle is disrupted.
D)The apoptosis pathway is blocked.
E)Growth is not regulated by growth factors.

Question 18

Using polyethylene glycol, a cancer cell and a normal cell are fused. The resulting hybrid behaves like a normal cell. The best reason for this observation is the

A)presence of tumor suppressor genes and gene products.
B)recombination between cancer and normal chromosomes.
C)removal of environmental triggers.
D)exposure to polyethylene glycol.
E)both A and C

Question 19

The scientist(s)awarded a Nobel prize 50 years after discovering viral oncogenesis was/were

A)Burkitt.
B)Folkman.
C)Rous.
D)Epstein and Barr.
E)Kaposi.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism whereby proto- oncogenes are converted to oncogenes?

A)deletion
B)point mutation
C)gene amplification
D)silent mutation
E)translocation

Question 21

Aneuploidy (the gain or loss of chromsomes)is associated with which protein molecule in cancer cells?

A)Myc
B)Blc- 2
C)pRB
D)p53
E)all of the above

Question 22

The first documentation of a viral infection causing oncogenesis was established with

A)hepatitis B in liver cancer.
B)human papilloma virus in cervical cancer.
C)HIV in humans.
D)Rous sarcoma virus in chickens.
E)Epstein- Barr virus in Burkitt's lymphoma.

Question 23

Which of the following statements regarding cancer is FALSE?

A)Rate of cell division is critical.
B)Balance in cell growth is achieved when division results in no net gain of cells.
C)In tumor cells, division and differentiation are uncoupled.
D)As cells become more differentiated, their capacity to divide decreases.
E)Balance between differentiation and proliferation is important.

Question 24

A tumor is actively producing both VEGF and FGF, factors associated with angiogenesis. However, no network of blood vessels to the tumor has been established in spite of the fact that blood vessels are nearby. This observation most likely suggests

A)Angiogenesis inhibitors are in greater concentration.
B)The tumor is metastatic.
C)Angiostatin is not produced by the cancer cells.
D)The VEGF and FGF are not functional.
E)Only one of the molecules is active, not both.

Question 25

The viral oncogene associated with the Rous sarcoma virus is

A)p53.
B)SRC.
C)ERBB- 2.
D)SIS.
E)RAS.

Question 26

In actively dividing cancer cells, often results, as three or more poles may be present during mitosis.

Question 27

and have been demonstrated to trigger DNA mutation associated with particular geographical cancers.

Question 28

The group of proteins associated with the binding of cells to the extracellular matrix are the

A)matrix metalloproteins.
B)monolins.
C)MHC.
D)RAS proteins.
E)integrins.

Question 29

Changes in gene action that are often associated with cancer cells are known as changes.

Question 30

Familial adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)is characterized by a small deletion in chromosome #5. In which cells is this deletion present in affected individuals?

A)colon polyps
B)somatic cells
C)colon epithelial cells
D)germline cells
E)all cells

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a category for the gene product for an oncogene?

A)glycolytic enzyme
B)growth factor
C)growth factor receptor
D)transcription factor
E)nonreceptor protein kinase

Question 32

The most frequently encountered category of cancer is

A)leukemia.
B)lymphoma.
C)sarcoma.
D)carcinoma.
E)both C and D

Question 33

The difference between benign and malignant tumors is

A)malignant tumors are adherent.
B)benign tumors have not spread to other sites.
C)benign tumors do not stimulate angiogenesis.
D)benign tumors are cancers, malignant tumors are not.
E)benign tumors have not lost growth control.

Question 34

are cancers that originate in epithelial cells and comprise 90% of all cancers.

Question 35

Changes in an organism that are the result of changes in gene action(s)are known as

A)micro- RNA mediated.
B)epigenetic.
C)diseases.
D)silencing.
E)all of the above

Question 36

Some compounds are themselves not carcinogens, but rather metabolic activity on the compound produces intermediates that are carcinogenic. This process is known as

A)metabolic carcinogenesis.
B)plasminogen activation.
C)precarcinogenesis.
D)carcinogen activation.
E)DNA mutagenesis.

Question 37

An is the result of an alteration of gene expression rather than a mutation of a gene.