Deck 1: Principles, Practices, and Problems

Question 1

More than half of doctoral candidates receiving a PhD in I-O psychology today are women.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The number of women receiving degrees in I-O psychology has decreased over the last decade.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The complex weapons used in WWII sparked the development of engineering psychology.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The Army Beta was designed for WWI recruits who could not read English.

Question 5

Hugo Münsterberg is the author of The Psychology of Industrial Efficiency (1913).

Question 6

SIOP takes the position that I-O psychologists should be licensed.

Question 7

If the methods and findings of I-O psychology are used improperly by management or are misunderstood by employees, they can do more harm than good.

Question 8

The Hawthorne Studies .

A)increased the effectiveness of complex weapons during WWII
B)were conducted during the 20s and 30s
C)were a catalyst for the start of consumer psychology
D)were conducted at the Hawthorne Plant of General Motors

Question 9

The fundamental issue confronting I-O psychologists working in the private sector is that research and application are not compatible

Question 10

Most I-O masters degree graduates find professional jobs in their specialty areas at competitive salaries.

Question 11

According to the Schultz and Schultz text, work .

A)provides a sense of personal identity
B)defines your social status
C)contributes to your self-esteem
D)satisfies your needs to belong to a group
E)all of the above

Question 12

Employees always welcome the changes that are developed and implemented by I-O psychologists.

Question 13

I-O psychology is best defined as .

A)the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes
B)the application of principles of psychology to enhance business management
C)the application of the methods, facts, and principles of psychology to people at work
D)none of the above

Question 14

The median income for I-O psychologists with a master's degree is lower than the median for all psychologists with a similar degree.

Question 15

The concept of globalization results in shifting jobs to places with lower labor costs.

Question 16

WWI marked the emergence of I-O psychology as an important discipline.

Question 17

The Army Alpha was designed to detect neurotic tendencies in WWI recruits.

Question 18

The use of temporary workers can have negative effects on the organization's full-time employees.

Question 19

The Hawthorne Studies found that physical factors were more important than social factors in contributing to work performance.

Question 20

I-O psychology began in the early 19th century.

Question 21

Which of the following are negative effects of using temporary workers?

A)Relations between full-time workers and management deteriorate.
B)Loyalty of full-time workers toward the organization tends to decrease.
C)Management often holds full-time workers accountable for the work of temporary workers.
D)All the above.

Question 22

The Hawthorne Studies .

A)studied the effects of the physical work environment on worker efficiency
B)led to initiatives in the testing of recruits during WWI
C)found that the work environment was more important than social factors in worker performance
D)none of the above

Question 23

I-O psychologists conduct research .

A)primarily in laboratories
B)by observing the behavior of employees on the job
C)using lab rats
D)primarily in libraries

Question 24

When presented with the task of computing change due from a two-item restaurant bill, no more than of people in their 20's could do so correctly.

A)one-fifth
B)one-third
C)one-half
D)two-thirds

Question 25

I-O psychologists study our behavior on the job by _.

A)observing and drawing inferences from overt behavior
B)speculating about our past experiences
C)using physiological recording devices
D)recording their emotional reactions to what we do

Question 26

According to Zaslow (2007), members of are more self-centered and require more constant adulation, feedback, and recognition from their bosses.

A)the Silent Generation
B)Baby Boomers
C)Gen X
D)Gen Y

Question 27

A study by Coy (2004) at Harvard University and MIT found that the jobs most likely to be exported were .

A)technological jobs
B)jobs that could be "routinized"
C)costly jobs
D)unionized jobs

Question 28

The minimum degree requirement for an I-O psychologist is .

A)an associate's degree
B)a bachelor's degree
C)a master's degree
D)a Ph.D.

Question 29

To function efficiently and productively, virtual workplaces require which of the following?

A)material that can be downloaded
B)databases that can be accessed remotely
C)means of tracking employees and their work assignments
D)all the above

Question 30

Most psychology majors with 4-year degrees find employment in .

A)private corporations
B)government agencies
C)education
D)run their own businesses

Question 31

The "organizational" side of I-O psychology includes .

A)leadership
B)employee testing
C)advertising
D)equipment design

Question 32

In the early years of the 21st century, what proportion of all new employees are women?

A)about a third
B)less than half
C)about half
D)more than half

Question 33

Place the following in the correct sequence to best describe the process by which I-O psychologists do their work.

A)listen-measure-look-record
B)record-measure-look-listen
C)measure-record-listen-look
D)look-listen-measure-record

Question 34

In this early period of the 21st century, at least of all new workers are persons of African, Asian, and Hispanic heritage and of all new employees are women.

A)one-third; one-third
B)one-half; one-third
C)one-half; one-half
D)one-third; one-half

Question 35

"Baby Boomers," the largest of recent generations, were born between the years:

A)1922-1945
B)1946-1964
C)1965-1979
D)1980-2000

Question 36

In the Hawthorne Studies, after researchers eliminated previously added benefits such as improved lighting and rest periods, worker production .

A)stayed the same
B)decreased
C)increased
D)increased only for men

Question 37

The man who is credited with sparking the initial development of I-O psychology is _.

A)William Hawthorne
B)Walter Dill Scott
C)Hugo Münsterberg
D)John B.Watson

Question 38

Hugo Münsterberg .

A)promoted the use of psychological tests to select employees
B)is considered to be the father of I-O psychology
C)was the first to apply psychology to advertising
D)designed the Personal Data Sheet during WWI

Question 39

The major contribution by I-O psychologists during WWII was in the area of .

A)leadership
B)motivation
C)satisfaction
D)engineering psychology

Question 40

As many as million Americans over the age of 17 are functionally illiterate.

A)12
B)17
C)25
D)34

Question 41

Psychology majors with 4-year degrees find employment in all sectors of the economy.Of those in the corporate sector, most are in which sector?

A)managerial positions
B)sales
C)human resources
D)training

Question 42

The majority of accidents in industry are caused by .

A)faulty machinery
B)human error
C)poor planning
D)poor oversight

Question 43

Many human resource managers do not read the published literature in I-O psychology.Why?

A)too technical
B)too difficult to understand
C)impractical and irrelevant
D)all of the above

Question 44

Organizational psychology is concerned with which of the following?

A)vocational training
B)advertising
C)policy and structure
D)turnover

Question 45

In 2006, the median annual income for doctoral level I-O psychologists was .

A)$45,000
B)$55,000
C)$98,500
D)$180,000

Question 46

Engineering psychology tries to .

A)make machines more productive
B)make machine operation foolproof
C)find the best fit between person and machine
D)select the best operators

Question 47

The conflict between research and application arises because .

A)organizations often need immediate answers
B)production schedules cannot wait
C)managers face time constraints
D)all of the above

Question 48

Which area of I-O psychology is most concerned with defining the markets for consumer goods?

A)personnel psychology
B)organizational psychology
C)consumer psychology
D)engineering psychology

Question 49

Which of the following is not a difficulty faced by I-O psychology?

A)fraudulent practitioners
B)credentials and certification
C)communication with management
D)resistance to new ideas
E)all are difficulties faced by I-O psychology

Question 50

The value of the applicability of results from a laboratory study conducted by I-O psychologists depends on _.

A)the use of college students as subjects
B)the similarity between the situations in which they were obtained and the present situation
C)the use of workers as subjects
D)the amount of control available to the psychologist