Deck 13: Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Question 1

Where did the world's worst fission reactor accident occur?

A) Darlington, Ontario 1993
B) Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania 1979
C) Chernobyl, Ukraine 1986
D) Gijang, South Korea 2011

Answer 1

C

Question 2

How much of Canada's mineral and metal products are exported?

A) 20%
B) 50%
C) >80%
D) none

Answer 2

C

Question 3

is the term for a south- facing window that allows objects in a room to absorb solar energy and re- emit it as heat energy.

A) Clear solar pane
B) Passive solar collector
C) Glass solar screen
D) South solar reflector

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Bauxite is a residual ore deposit of formed by prolonged, intense, tropical weathering of granitic bedrock.

A) calcium
B) aluminum
C) mercury
D) silver

Question 5

Which is not a concern with modern windmills?

A) Noise pollution affects people's health.
B) Winds can be intermittent and inconsistent.
C) Winds can blow over trees that can damage windmills.
D) Cost of land to install windmills can be prohibitive in heavily populated areas.

Question 6

Which one is not a significant potential Canadian source of geothermal energy?

A) Meager Mountain, British Columbia
B) Pebble Creek, British Columbia
C) Springhill, Nova Scotia
D) Regina, Saskatchewan

Question 7

Copper- zinc sulphide deposits formed around an ancient, seafloor, "black- smoker" hot spring vent would be most likely to be found in .

A) an ophiolite complex
B) a foreland or intracratonic basin
C) a metamorphic aureole skarn deposit
D) a detrital placer deposit

Question 8

Which one of the following best describes how talc deposits might form?

A) reaction of hydrothermal fluids with quartz- rich sandstones during contact metamorphism
B) high pressure metamorphism associated with impact of an asteroid or large meteorite
C) reaction of olivine and pyroxene with hydrothermal fluids during regional metamorphism
D) dehydration of gypsum and limestone during contact metamorphism

Question 9

Hematite and magnetite are the dominant ore minerals in .

A) massive sulphide deposits like those that form along mid- ocean ridges
B) rare element felsic pegmatites
C) SEDEX deposits like at Sullivan B.C.
D) superior type banded iron formations

Question 10

supplies the largest percentage of energy consumed annually in Canada, while the majority of that produced is sold for export.

A) Hydroelectricity
B) Petroleum and Natural Gas
C) Uranium
D) Coal

Question 11

What is the name of Canadian- made nuclear fission reactors?

A) Canadian Fission Reactors Incorporated (CFRI)
B) Canadian Heavy Water Systems (CHWS)
C) Canadian Deuterium- Uranium (CANDU)
D) Nuclear Designs Canada Limited (NDCL)

Question 12

Where was North America's first oil well drilled?

A) Oil Springs, Ontario
B) Melville, Saskatchewan
C) Sidney, Nova Scotia
D) High River, Alberta

Question 13

Canadian mining and associated industries contribute over dollars per capita to the Canadian economy.

A) 100
B) 50
C) 10
D) 1060

Question 14

Which of the following are not considered industrial minerals?

A) clays
B) garnets
C) porphyries
D) diamonds

Question 15

Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are considered to be fossil fuels because .

A) their oxygen and nitrogen content were derived from the ancient atmosphere
B) their energy content was derived from ancient sunlight
C) carbon dioxide, released when they burn, contributes to the greenhouse effect
D) coal beds and petroleum reservoir rocks contain abundant fossils

Question 16

The world's largest, commercially developed heavy oil sand deposit is .

A) in the Hibernia Field offshore of Newfoundland
B) in the Green River Basin, northwest Colorado
C) near Lake Athabasca, northeast Alberta
D) at El Nala in Saudi Arabia

Question 17

At the current rate of population growth, the world's population will probably reach people by 2015, placing increasing demands on fixed natural resources.

A) 70 billion
B) 7 billion
C) 7 million
D) 70 million

Question 18

Chemical and bacterial decomposition of in mine tailings produces sulphuric acid that attacks other sulphide minerals, to releasing toxic levels of heavy metals to the surface environment, and seeps of contaminated water called acid mine drainage.

A) calcite
B) quartz
C) sylvite
D) pyrite

Question 19

The majority of coal currently mined in Canada comes from Mesozoic deposits in .

A) Nunavut
B) Nova Scotia
C) Quebec
D) British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan

Question 20

The five most important Canadian minerals in terms of production value are .

A) clay, mica, serpentine, chlorite, zeolite
B) silver, quartz, garnet, tin, aluminum
C) platinum, iron, sulphur, gypsum, halite
D) gold, nickel, potash, copper, zinc

Question 21

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Much Canadian coal is used in steel production.
B) Nova Scotia was a major coal producer for over a century.
C) Canada supplies over 20 countries with coal.
D) Saskatchewan is Canada's major coal producer.

Question 22

Which of these statements is false?

A) Geologists can determine the most effective way of extracting a resource.
B) Geologists can determine the order and sequence of events throughout Earth's history but leave it to prospectors and miners to get valuable resources out of the ground.
C) Geologists can determine how a mineral deposit formed to aid in discovering similar deposits.
D) Geologists can predict where an economically important resource might occur.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is not true?

A) Abrasives are required to make machine parts.
B) Nonmetallic resources include VMS deposits.
C) Fluorite and limestone are used in steelmaking.
D) Nonmetallic resources include fertilizers for growing food.

Question 24

Which of the following is not a bad effect of using fossil fuels?

A) acid precipitation
B) stream siltation
C) air pollution
D) global warming

Question 25

The most important fertilizer minerals, and the elements they contain, are: .

A) chalcopyrite (Cu), millerite (Ni), and sphalerite (Zn)
B) apatite (P), native sulphur (S), and sylvite (K)
C) galena (Pb), halite (Cl), and kaolinite (Al)
D) albite (Na), calcite (Ca), and chromite (Cr)

Question 26

Which of the following is not a hydrothermal ore deposit associated with sediments?

A) MVT
B) FEDEX
C) SEDEX
D) stratiform

Question 27

Which of the following is not a process that produces metallic magmatic deposits?

A) immiscibility
B) pegmatite formation
C) meteorite impacts
D) gravitational settling

Question 28

can be replenished over relatively short time spans like months, years, or decades.

A) Semi- renewable resources
B) Renewable resources
C) Quasi- renewable resources
D) Non- renewable resources

Question 29

has the largest, current production and reserves of crude oil.

A) Alberta
B) Central and eastern Saudi Arabia
C) Texas
D) The North Sea field

Question 30

formed during the Precambrian under reducing conditions when the atmosphere was depleted in oxygen.

A) Sulphur zones
B) Goethite veins
C) Limonite rust fillings
D) Banded iron formation (Superior type)

Question 31

Contact metamorphic skarn deposits of the mineral scheelite, located in BC and Yukon, are sources of the element .

A) phosphorous
B) tungsten
C) barium
D) tin

Question 32

The wealthiest 20% of the world's population (including: Australia, Canada, United States, Western Europe) directly use about of the world's resources, while the poorest 25% use less than 1.5%.

A) 15%
B) 3%
C) 9%
D) 85%

Question 33

Sedimentary and residual deposits of the mineral supply phosphorous for phosphate fertilizers and feed additives.

A) apatite
B) fluorite
C) sylvite
D) kaolinite

Question 34

Very fine uraninite ore is called .

A) radioactite
B) hornblende
C) pitchblende
D) fininite

Question 35

How is geothermal energy used?

A) Power lines are hooked up to geysers to generate static electricity.
B) Geothermal steam and hot water are tapped and piped to turbines that generate electric power.
C) Geothermal steam is piped to traction engines connected to the local power grid.
D) Hot springs are fed to water heaters that are plugged in to the local power grid.

Question 36

What is a popular saying among geologists concerning natural resources?

A) When do we eat?
B) If it can't be grown, it's gotta be mined.
C) There's gold in them thar hills.
D) Who brought the beer?

Question 37

is a solid substance formed when water molecules form cages that surround methane molecules.

A) Butane coagulate
B) Helium oxidate
C) Methane hydrate
D) Hydrogen silicate

Question 38

, both calcium- bearing minerals, are the first to form in sedimentary deposits by the evaporation of sea water.

A) Chalcopyrite and bornite
B) Halite and sylvite
C) Bauxite and kaolin
D) Calcite and gypsum

Question 39

Which of the following is not a hydrothermal ore deposit?

A) ABC
B) vein
C) disseminated
D) VMS

Question 40

is a solid waxy substance produced by deep burial of organic matter.

A) Oil toffee
B) Kerosene
C) Plastocene
D) Kerogen

Question 41

Graphite deposits typically form .

A) by decomposition of humus and soil gases during intense, tropical weathering
B) by regional metamorphism of organic- rich, black shales
C) as deposits around submarine, hot spring vents
D) as hydrothermal vein deposits in limestone around a granitic batholith

Question 42

Where is Canada's first large- scale solar park located?

A) Yellowknife, Northwest Territories
B) Fredericton, New Brunswick
C) Iqaluit, Nunavut
D) Stone Mill's, Ontario

Question 43

From trapping ocean water, the world's largest tidal power plant for generating electricity is

A) in Iceland on the mid Atlantic ridge
B) on the isle of Islay in Scotland
C) at the Annapolis Tidal Power Generating Station on the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia
D) in the Rance River estuary, Brittany, along the Atlantic coast of France

Question 44

How many homes might the Meager Mountain geothermal area of British Columbia heat each year if developed?

A) 90
B) 9000
C) 90,000
D) 900

Question 45

Where is North America's only tidal power station located?

A) Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia
B) Fanny Bay, British Columbia
C) Hudson Bay, Quebec
D) James Bay, Ontario

Question 46

The industrial term for crushed stone, sand and gravel deposits used in construction is .

A) unconsolidates
B) agate
C) aggregate
D) conglomerate

Question 47

Which statement about Earth's resources is false?

A) They have driven waves of immigration.
B) They have never been important to politicians.
C) They have generated wars.
D) They have been the basis of world trade.

Question 48

Detrital grains of are not likely to be concentrated in placer deposits.

A) gypsum
B) platinum
C) cassiterite
D) diamond

Question 49

Geothermal power generation in relies hot waters related to near surface volcanic heat from modern igneous intrusions.

A) Saskatchewan
B) Iceland, Italy, New Zealand, and the USA
C) Nova Scotia
D) Nunavut

Question 50

Which of the following is not an ingredient of cement?

A) olivine
B) clay
C) calcite
D) silica

Question 51

Which of the following is not a metallic ore?

A) hematite
B) wolframite
C) foxamite
D) ilmenite

Question 52

Where did North America's worst oil- caused environmental disaster occur?

A) Strait of Georgia, 2001
B) Alaska coast, 1989
C) Gulf of Mexico, 2010
D) Grand Banks, 1995

Question 53

Canada ranks first in the world for production of .

A) diamonds and platinum
B) copper and zinc
C) gold and silver
D) potash and uranium

Question 54

How much solar energy is transformed into wind?

A) 5%
B) 2.5%
C) 0.25%
D) 25%

Question 55

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Hydroelectric dams have limited life spans.
B) Hydroelectric dams have no effect on wildlife.
C) Sediments gradually fill reservoirs behind dams.
D) Canada still has rivers that have not been dammed for hydroelectric power.

Question 56

, a rock- forming silicate mineral, is used as an insulator in electrical equipment and occurs as large crystals with quartz and feldspars in pegmatites.

A) Hornblende
B) Olivine
C) Muscovite
D) Graphite

Question 57

Where is the only commercial use of geothermal heat in Canada?

A) Springhill, Nova Scotia using water warmed by the geothermal gradient form abandoned shafts and coal mines.
B) Pickering, Ontario
C) Les Geysers, northern Quebec
D) Harrison Hot Springs, BC

Question 58

Diamonds are mined from a rare ultramafic rock called .

A) dunite
B) pyroxenite
C) peridotite
D) kimberlite

Question 59

Canada's entire uranium ore production is located in .

A) Minas basin, northern Nova Scotia
B) Peace River basin, northern Alberta
C) Elliot Lake basin, northern Ontario
D) Athabasca basin, northern Saskatchewan

Question 60

Which of the following is not a mine site for metallic mineral deposits?

A) Flin Flon, Saskatchewan
B) Endako, British Columbia
C) Athabasca, Alberta
D) Buchans, Newfoundland and Labrador

Question 61

How much energy does North America's only tidal power plant in Nova Scotia generate?

A) 20 gigawatts
B) 20 milliwatts
C) 20 megawatts
D) 20 kilowatts

Question 62

Vein- or fissure- filling deposits of native gold and silver, or copper and zinc sulphides, would be more common in .

A) hydrothermally fractured rocks in the contact- metamorphic zone formed above a shallow felsic pluton like the setting at Yellowstone
B) in limestone dissolution and collapse breccias such as occur at Pine Point, NWT
C) rocks formed deep in a layered magma chamber like the Bird River Sill in Manitoba
D) in faults, impactites, and shattered rock of a meteorite impact zone like Sudbury

Question 63

A was the cause of the worst oil- caused environmental disaster in North American history in 2010.

Question 64

Chalcopyrite and bornite are sulphide ore minerals of .

Question 65

Metamorphic deposits of provide the carbon used in pencils and solid lubricant.

A) gypsum
B) galena
C) garnet
D) graphite

Question 66

Cap rock and reservoir strata are associated with accumulations of .

A) petroleum
B) oil shale
C) bedded rock salt
D) sedimentary iron ore

Question 67

Sandstone is a much more common reservoir rock for petroleum than shale because .

A) shale is more porous so the oil tends to leak out over time
B) shales, especially black shales, are much richer in primary organic matter than are sandstones
C) sandstone is more abundant than shale
D) sandstones are more permeable than shales so subsurface flows of fluids tend to be directed through sandstone strata rather than through shales

Question 68

concentrates minor amounts of metals scattered throughout unweathered rock, into profitable reserves.

A) Primary consolidation
B) Secondary enrichment
C) Quaternary concentration
D) Tertiary substitution

Question 69

How many sun- tracking mirrors are used in the solar field at Barstow, California?

A) 2000
B) 500
C) 20
D) 200

Question 70

Which of the following groups of industrial minerals are commonly used as abrasives?

A) corundum, diamond, and garnet
B) talc and graphite
C) kaolinite and gypsum
D) molybdenite and galena

Question 71

is a nonrenewable resource.

A) Water
B) Solar power
C) Timber
D) Petroleum

Question 72

is the main fuel used in nuclear fission reactors to produce electricity because it is the only natural isotope capable of sustaining a controlled fission reaction .

A) Uranium- 235
B) Thorium- 234
C) Plutonium- 239
D) Uranium- 238

Question 73

Which country has the world's largest commercial plant for producing electricity from the tides?

Question 74

Which of the following is not a renewable energy resource?

A) geothermal
B) biomass
C) oil shale
D) landfill methane

Question 75

Resources include that are already identified deposits from which valuable materials can be extracted profitably.

A) reserves
B) securities
C) commodities
D) packages

Question 76

is trapped in the pore spaces of coal seams and detrital sediments and is a potential source of energy.

A) Sandy propane
B) Coal- bed methane
C) Clastic aerosols
D) Shale gas

Question 77

The formation, rich in oil shale strata, was deposited in early Tertiary lakes that once covered parts of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming.

A) White Prairie
B) Green River
C) Blue Mountain
D) Red Lake

Question 78

is the essential mineral component of plasters and drywall.

A) Talc
B) Apatite
C) Gypsum
D) Garnet