Deck 8: Culture and Emotion

Question 1

Winning the lottery would probably elicit happiness for most people.This is an example of an ___________________.Fill in the blank.

A)Emotion appraisal
B)Emotion antecedent
C)Emotion response
D)Emotion judgment

Answer 1

Emotion antecedent

Question 2

The research literature to date does not support the notion that discrete facial expressions are universal,genetically encoded,or linked with those of our primate ancestors in evolution.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Although the same types of antecedents tend to bring about the same kinds of emotions across cultures,________ differences exist in the relative frequencies of the antecedent events to bring about an emotion.Fill in the blank.

A)Individual
B)Group
C)Cultural
D)Gender

Answer 3

Cultural

Question 4

Death of family members,physical separation from loved ones,and world news are more frequent triggers of sadness for Americans than the Japanese.This is an example of how cultural differences exist in the relative frequencies of the various ____________ events that bring about an emotion.Fill in the blank.

A)Appraisal
B)Antecedent
C)Physiological
D)Psychological

Question 5

Which of the following is defined as the process by which people evaluate the events that lead to experiencing emotions?

A)Emotion appraisal
B)Emotion antecedent
C)Emotion response
D)Emotion judgment

Question 6

Being kept from something you desire or want can be seen as a universal underlying psychological theme for _________________.What is this?

A)Surprise
B)Fear
C)Disgust
D)Sadness

Question 7

The seven basic emotions that are expressed universally in all humans are:

A)Shame,disgust,anger,contempt,fear,happiness,sadness
B)Anger,contempt,fear,happiness,pride,sadness,surprise
C)Disgust,fear,happiness,guilt,sadness,surprise,contempt
D)Anger,disgust,contempt,fear,happiness,sadness,surprise

Question 8

Taking a controversial perspective that anthropologists did not agree during his time,Charles Darwin suggested that _______________ are biologically innate and evolutionary adaptive.What did Darwin suggest?

A)Emotions
B)Moods
C)Facial expressions of emotions
D)Physiological reactions

Question 9

In studying universality in physiological responses to emotion,Ekman,Levenson,and Friesen (1983)showed that each of the seven universal emotions,when signaled by the universal expressions,had a(n)___________ physiological signature in the autonomic nervous system.Fill in the blank.

A)Varied
B)Mixed
C)Distinct
D)Unclear

Question 10

Evidence for universality in developmental literature shows that newborn infants do not have the same facial musculature in adult humans,and it does not fully develop until adolescence.

Question 11

Research on nonhuman primates has shown that nonhuman primates have some emotions,such as anger,disgust,and fear.

Question 12

_______________ refers to the idea that the various response components are related to each other meaningfully.What can this be?

A)Emotion response system
B)Emotion response model
C)Emotion reaction system
D)Emotion reaction model

Question 13

Emotion researchers would most likely agree on which definition of emotion?

A)They are comprised only of subjective experiences (e.g.feelings)
B)They are a system of components including subjective experience,expressive behavior,physiological reactions,action tendencies,and cognition.
C)The definition depends on the cultural context
D)None of the above

Question 14

These are a series of studies conducted by Ekman and Friesen and Izard that demonstrated the pan-cultural universality of facial expressions of emotion.What are these studies?

A)Universality studies
B)Emotion appraisal studies
C)Pancultural studies
D)Emotion response studies

Question 15

Emotions are elicited by the same underlying psychological theme across cultures,and therefore do not differ in the exact situations,evens,or occurrences that are associated with the underlying content.

Question 16

Early observational studies on congenitally blind individuals show that congenitally blind children and adults showed the same facial expressions of emotion as sighted individuals.This is evidence that facial expressions of emotion are ______________.

A)Socially learned
B)Different for congenitally blind individuals
C)Genetically encoded
D)Universal

Question 17

Much of the momentum for contemporary cross-cultural research on facial expressions of emotion has come from the writing of ______________.Fill in the blank

A)Sylvan Tomkins
B)Charles Darwin
C)Paul Ekman
D)None of the above

Question 18

When emotions are aroused,they trigger a series of events that include expressive behavior.

Question 19

____________ are quick and last only a few seconds or minutes,while ____________ last longer,for hours or days.Fill in the blanks respectively

A)Moods; emotions
B)Temperaments; dispositions
C)Emotions; moods
D)Dispositions; temperaments

Question 20

Self-conscious emotions,such as shame,pride,embarrassment,and guilt,are unique to _________.

A)Non-human primates
B)Adolescents
C)Humans
D)Americans

Question 21

While humans come into the world programmed for the seven basic emotions,then __________ and ____________ learning influences how these emotions are used in life.Fill in the blanks respectively.

A)Parenting; individual
B)Parenting; cultural
C)Social; individual
D)Social; cultural

Question 22

Which of the following are(is)culturally prescribed rules that govern how universal emotions can be expressed.

A)Cultural emotional expressivity
B)Cultural emotiveness
C)Cultural expressivity rules
D)Cultural display rules

Question 23

Ekman and Friesen (1969)suggested that there are multiple ways in which display rules can modify expressions.When a person expresses an emotion less than she actually feels it,this is referred to as ____________________?

A)Amplification
B)Neutralization
C)Masking
D)Deamplification

Question 24

Ekman (1968)found that there is no difference in emotion recognition between literate and preliterate cultures.What do these findings suggest?

A)The ability to recognize on emotion is universal and innate
B)Both cultures share similar cultural aspects
C)This never occurred
D)None of these

Question 25

_________ govern the interpretation and perception of emotion.These are learned culturally based rules that shape how people of each culture view and interpret the emotional expressions of others.What are these rules?

A)Encoding rules
B)Display rules
C)Decoding rules
D)Masking rules

Question 26

Which is NOT the response component in the coherence of emotion response systems?

A)Face
B)Voice
C)Physiology
D)All of the above

Question 27

Schimmack (1996)suggested emotion recognition rates are influenced by culturally-learned __________ about how to perceive expressions.What rules are these?

A)Display rules
B)Encoding rules
C)Decoding rules
D)All of the above

Question 28

Which emotion is correctly matched with a universal underlying psychological theme?

A)Surprise - sensing danger caused by unexpected and novel events
B)Disgust - feeling morally superior over someone else
C)Anger - being prevented from accomplishing a goal
D)Sadness - being completely helpless to do something a situation

Question 29

Which of the following advantage refers to the ability of individuals from a certain culture to recognize the emotions of others of the same culture relatively better than of those from a different culture?

A)Outgroup
B)Cultural
C)Individual
D)Ingroup

Question 30

An individual's inner feelings or experiences of an emotion are referred to as _____________________.

A)Objective experience of emotion
B)Subjective experience of emotion
C)Individual experience of emotion
D)Cultural experience of emotion

Question 31

Which of the following best explains Deamplication?

A)People can express their emotions less than actually they feel
B)People do not show their emotion
C)People show an emotion when they really don't feel it
D)None of the above

Question 32

Many ________ processes appear to be universal across humans,yet allow room for cultural differences,especially in dimensions that require judgments that are relative to cultural or social norms.Fill in the blank.

A)Antecedent
B)Physiological
C)Appraisal
D)Recognition

Question 33

Schadenfreude is an example of how differences exist in the meaning and labeling of different emotional states across languages and cultures,which suggests that _____________________________.

A)Different cultures structure their world of emotion differently
B)Different cultures structure their world of emotion similarly
C)There can be no cross-cultural comparisons of emotion
D)None of the above

Question 34

This measure asks participants what they would do if they felt each of the seven basic emotions in 42 different situations.

A)Display Rule Assessment Inventory
B)Universality of Emotion Inventory
C)Context and Emotion Inventory
D)None of the above

Question 35

Which does NOT support the theory that facial expressions of emotions are genetically encoded and not socially learned?

A)Congenitally blind children and adults showed the same facial expressions of emotion as did individuals with normal eye-sight,both spontaneously
B)There is a difference in the spontaneous,but not posed expressions of emotion between blind and sighted individuals
C)Infants have a rich and varied repertoire of facial expressions,including those that signal not only emotional states,but also interest and attention
D)Discrete expressions of anger and sadness have been reported in the early part of the second year of life

Question 36

All cultures have a word for emotion.

Question 37

Universal,biologically innate emotional expressions can interact with culturally defined rules of display to produce appropriate emotional expressions.

Question 38

Which one of the following statement is NOT what Darwin (1872)suggested in terms of evolutionary theory?

A)Facial expressions of emotion are biologically innate and evolutionarily adaptive
B)Humans express emotions in their faces in exactly the same way around the world,regardless of race or culture
C)Facial expressions are socially learned like a language
D)Facial expressions of emotion have both communicative and adaptive value
E)Facial expressions can be seen across species,such as in gorillas

Question 39

Which is NOT a basic emotion in terms of evolutionary theory?

A)Anger
B)Fear
C)Sadness
D)Contempt
E)Shame

Question 40

Which one of the following statements does not truthfully explain why emotions may not be understood and defined the same way in American culture as in other cultures?

A)Not all cultures have a word for emotion
B)The concept of emotion may be different across cultures
C)What we know as emotion is labeled differently in other cultures
D)Some cultures have all of the emotions,but some cultures do not have certain emotions

Question 41

Cultural differences exist in the relative frequencies of the various antecedent events to bring about an emotion.

Question 42

In the second condition (experimenter present)of the experiment conducted by Ekman and Friesen demonstrating the existence of display rules,American participants ________________ while Japanese participants ________________ when viewing the stressful stimuli.Fill in the blanks respectively

A)Showed negative emotions; also showed negative emotions
B)Showed negative emotions; showed positive emotions
C)Showed positive emotions; also showed positive emotions
D)Showed positive emotions; showed negative emotions

Question 43

____________ is the ability of individuals from a certain culture to recognize emotions of others from the same culture relatively better than those from a different culture.What is this ability?

A)Cultural display rules
B)Ingroup advantage
C)Decoding rules
D)Outgroup advantage

Question 44

The James Lange (1927)theory of emotion suggests

A)First fear occurs,then the symptoms of fear (i.e.,visceral changes)result
B)First symptoms (i.e.,visceral changes)occur,then fear results
C)First a scary bear appears,then running (i.e.,location changes)results
D)None of the above

Question 45

Tomkins (1962,1963)suggested that emotions are evolutionarily adaptive and that their expressions are biologically innate and universal to all people regardless of culture or race.This led to the research of Ekman (1972)and Izard (1971)whose theory of emotions suggests that

A)At least six facial expressions of emotion are pan culturally universal
B)At least a dozen facial expressions of emotion are panculturally universal
C)At least a dozen facial expressions of emotion are politically correct
D)Not too many facial expressions of emotion are in the universe

Question 46

In Matsumoto et al.'s study,collectivistic cultures encouraged more positive and less negative emotions toward ingroups because ingroup harmony is important to them.

Question 47

According to Gottman and Levenson (2002),contempt and _____ have been shown to be particularly explosive and devastating emotions when seen in marital interaction.

A)Disgust
B)Surprise
C)Anger
D)Sadness

Question 48

Which of the following is not true about cultural display rules?

A)They center on the appropriateness of display of emotions in a social environment
B)They are learned early in life
C)By adulthood they have become automatic
D)They are universally consistent

Question 49

In the studies in which individuals reported physiological sensations and behavior,who reported using whole body movements including hand and arm gestures most often?

A)The Japanese
B)The Americans
C)The Africans
D)The Europeans