Deck 12: Culture and the Treatment of Abnormal Behavior

Question 1

Traditional psychoanalytic psychotherapy has been transformed and evolved into many different forms and types of psychotherapeutic approaches.These approaches are

A)Theoretical perspective
B)Activity/passivity of the therapist
C)Guidance
D)Focus of treatment on actual behaviors or underlying psychology,
E)All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

For Western psychologists,which is not important to understanding and treating distressed individuals?

A)Focusing on yourself,
B)Talking about your day
C)Openly expressing your emotions
D)Being in touch with your inner self

Answer 2

Talking about your day

Question 3

Cognitive-behavioral interventions

A)Emphasize the development of strategies for teaching behavioral skills
B)Emphasize the development of strategies for teaching incognitive skills
C)Emphasize the development of strategies for teaching cognitive skills
D)Emphasize the development of strategies for teaching intervention skills

Answer 3

Emphasize the development of strategies for teaching cognitive skills

Question 4

Within which cultural framework was Psychotherapy developed specifically.

A)Canadian
B)German
C)American
D)Jewish

Question 5

The development of other psychotherapeutic approaches,such as behavioral or humanistic approaches,could be considered a ''___'' of traditional psychoanalysis to American culture and society.

A)Humanization
B)Culturalization
C)Rationalization
D)Validation

Question 6

In traditional and contemporary psychotherapy when,the focus is on the individual.The individual is expected to express verbally his/hers "___"

A)Thoughts
B)Feelings
C)Emotions
D)All of the above

Question 7

In a large-scale study in the Los Angeles area,Sue et al.(1991)found that,compared with other ethnic groups,Latinos were not likely to improve after psychotherapy treatment.

Question 8

What is the primary vehicle for delivering intervention such as people who have abnormal behavior disorders,and whose lives are dysfunctional because of those disorders?

A)Psychology
B)Psychotherapy
C)Psychoanalytic Model
D)Psychopathology

Question 9

In a diverse world,many psychologists have come to see these''traditional''psychotherapeutic approaches as effective for some people,but less so for others,particularly those of non-European descent.This notion may make sense for several reasons because.

A)Expressions of abnormality,and their underlying psychological causes,are at least partly bound to culture.
B)The ability of the therapist or clinician to assess and deal with such behaviors is intimately related to his or her knowledge,understanding,and appreciation of the cultural context within which the behaviors occur.
C)If the goal of psychotherapy is to help people to become more functional within their society,then functionality itself is culturally determined; that is,different cultures and societies would necessitate different outcomes.
D)All of the Above

Question 10

Cognitive interventions have

A)Traditionally focused on examining the rationality or validity of one's beliefs
B)Traditionally focused on examining the nationality or religion of one's beliefs
C)Traditionally focused on examining the culture or validity of one's beliefs
D)Traditionally focused on examining the emotion or physique of one's beliefs

Question 11

Therapeutic approaches originated in the treatment of

A)Happiness
B)Depression
C)Stress
D)None of the above

Question 12

What is a comprehensive theory on the structure of personality that contributes to our knowledge about the origins of psychopathology?

A)Psychology
B)Psychotherapy
C)Psychoanalytic model
D)None of the above

Question 13

Freud discovered that patients under the influence of would talk more freely and emotionally about their problems,conflicts,and fears.

A)Drugs
B)Discipline
C)Hypnosis
D)Alcohol

Question 14

Cultural context is in part composed of moral traditions embedded in political structures,psychotherapy is itself unavoidably a moral practice with political consequences embedded within a cultural framework.In this sense,there can be no value-free psychotherapy,because

A)All psychotherapy is bound to a particular cultural framework
B)Religious beliefs are different from group to group
C)Cultures are inextricably tied to moral values and system
D)a and c
E)None of the above

Question 15

In a pioneering study of ethnic differences in response to standard mental health services in the Seattle area,Sue (1977)found lower rates of utilization of services by "___ " and " ___".Which are these groups.

A)Asian Americans,African Americans
B)Latino Americans,African Americans
C)African Americans,European Americans
D)Asian Americans,Native Americans

Question 16

Other large-scale studies have found similar utilization patterns with adolescents.In a study of utilization rates of mental health services by 853 African American,704 Asian American,964 Latino American,and 670 European American adolescents (ages 13 to 17)in Los Angeles over a 5-year period,patterns of utilization reflected earlier studies involving adults.Namely,after controlling for sex,age,and poverty status,results showed that "___" adolescents used services more often than European American and " ___"adolescents,and that " ___" adolescents used these services less often than European Americans.Fill in the blanks respectively.

A)African American,Asian American,Latino American.
B)African American,Latino American,Native American
C)Native American,Asian American,Latino American
D)Asian American,Latino American,African American

Question 17

During the study of Bui & Takeuchi,1992)______ were more likely to remain in treatment longer than European American adolescents,and that ______ adolescents remained in treatment for the shortest time.Fill in the blanks respectively.

A)African American,Native American
B)Asian American,African American
C)Native American,Asian American
D)Latino American,Asian American

Question 18

Despite the problems that Psychotherapy has,psychotherapy has been,and continues to be,implemented with culturally diverse populations within the United States,as well as in other countries.

Question 19

In some Asian cultures,for example,dwelling on one's thoughts,especially if they are painful,unpleasant,or upsetting,is strongly avoided because

A)It is personal
B)It is believed to exacerbate the existing problem.
C)People lie when they talk about themselves
D)It doesn't help solve the problem

Question 20

According to Orlinsky,Grawe,& Parks(1994)Length of treatment is a critical variable to look at because studies have shown that the more time is spent in treatment,the more likely it is that change will occur

Question 21

According to Leong&Lau(2001)Asian Americans are distinguished by extremely "___ " levels of soliciting treatment for mental health problems

A)Low
B)Medium
C)High
D)None of the above

Question 22

Which is not a treatment of abnormal behavior in other cultures?

A)In Malaysia,religion has been incorporated into psychotherapy
B)In China,Taoist and Confucian principles are embedded in psychotherapy techniques.
C)In India,Tantra and Hinduism is incorporated into psychotherapy
D)None of the above

Question 23

According to Takeuchi,Sue,and Yeh (1995)having access to ethnic-specific services may encourage more ethnic minorities to seek out and use these treatment centers.

Question 24

According to Sussman,Robins,and Earls (1987)African Americans were more likely than European Americans to voice mistrust toward formal mental health services,fearing "___ " and " ___"

A)Hospitalization,Mistrust
B)Expenses,Hospitalization
C)Treatment,Stigma
D)None of the above

Question 25

In Latino communities " ___" are an important aspect of psychological and physical healing.

A)Finding mental health facilities
B)Fasting
C)Prayers
D)None of the above

Question 26

For very traditional Chicanos seeking formal mental health professionals such as clinicians or psychiatrists may be a last resort.

Question 27

Indigenous treatments are rooted in religion and spirituality,not "___ "

A)Biochemical science
B)Biomedical science
C)Biothermal science
D)Bionuclear science

Question 28

According to Ying & Hu(1994)Southeast Asian groups do not seem to improve with treatment as much as other Asian groups because

A)They are poor
B)They are less educated
C)They are highly discriminated
D)They suffer from war trauma

Question 29

Studies show that Latino and Asian Americans and Arab Americans prefer " ___ " over "___ " therapists.Fill in the blanks respectively.

A)Nondirective,Directive
B)Directive,Nondirective
C)None of the above

Question 30

Indigenous healing encompasses therapeutic beliefs and practices that are rooted within a
given culture.

Question 31

Suggestion of Tolman and Reedy (1998)say that reduced utilization of services by Native Americans may be the result of cultural beliefs that sickness comes from disharmony with "___ ".

A)Oneself
B)One's Community
C)Nature
D)All of the above

Question 32

General reasons that ethnic minorities may underuse mental health services are "___ " and "___ " Fill in the blanks respectively.

A)Expenses,Fear
B)Mistrust,Stigma
C)Fear,Mistrust
D)None of the above

Question 33

According to Yeh,Takeuchi,and Sue's (1994)Asian American adolescents and their use of mental health services in the Los Angeles area found that ethnic-specific mental health services were less successful in providing services to Asian American youth than compared to mainstream facilities.

Question 34

According to Stanley Sue,some of the reasons why Asian Americans underuse mental health services include " ___",which is not one of the reasons.

A)Shame
B)Loss of Face
C)Active avoidance of morbid thoughts
D)Service fee
E)Will power

Question 35

In Latino communities in general,the cause of mental disturbances may be attributed to "____ "; consequently,it is believed that the power to cure problems lies within the church and not with mental health professionals (Paniagua,1998).

A)God
B)Evil Spirits
C)Luck
D)None of the Above.

Question 36

According to Al-Mutlaq and Chaleby (1995),what is not considered a problem with group therapy in the Middle East?

A)Groups had a difficult time viewing the group as therapeutic and not just as a social activity;
B)The strict gender roles in Arab society mixed-sex group therapy were highly criticized;
C)Differences in tribal status made it difficult for some individuals to communicate with others in the group who were of a different tribal status.
D)Individuals didn't want to share their personal problems in front of others

Question 37

According to Primm,Lima,& Rowe,1996; Priest(1991)Mistrust among African Americans or native Americans may stem from their history and experiences of "___ "

A)Segregation
B)Discrimination
C)Racism
D)All of the above

Question 38

If the therapist is not familiar with cultural norm,such as direct eye contact,or speaking indirectly,he or she might falsely assume that the client is showing a lack of interest,resisting treatment,or even rude.

Question 39

Developing responses to psychological distress that are sensitive to each individual's "____ "is the goal for many psychologists working with diverse populations.

A)Cultural outlook
B)Beliefs
C)Practices
D)All of the above

Question 40

Developing cross-cultural competence is a lifelong journey,replete with many joy sand challenges that will

A)Increase the sophistication of our research,
B)Expand the utility and generalizability of the knowledge bases in counseling psychology,
C)Promote a deeper realization that counseling occurs in a cultural context
D)Increase not only counseling effectiveness but also the profession's ability to address diverse mental health needs across different populations around the globe.
E)All of the above

Question 41

Prana refers to "______"

A)Physical force
B)Life force
C)Mental force
D)Spiritual force

Question 42

A Japanese practice called Reiki refers to a ''universal life energy'' and is used for " ________ "

A)Relaxation
B)Reducing stress
C)Promoting healing.
D)All of the above.

Question 43

Community-based treatments may be especially relevant for helping populations such as "_____ " who are unfamiliar with the host culture,who tend not to seek out professional help,and who tend to underuse mental health services.Fill in the blank.

A)Immigrants
B)Illegal aliens
C)Ethnic Minorities
D)None of the above

Question 44

In Indigenous healing the incorporation of traditional,spiritual,and religious beliefs are used as part of the treatment.Which of the following is correct?

A)Reading verses from the Koran
B)Opening treatment with a prayer,
C)Conducting treatment in religious houses or churches
D)All of the above

Question 45

All accredited programs of clinical training in the United States have,for some time now,been mandated to incorporate "_____" and "_____"in their training programs.Fill in the blanks

A)Culture,diversity
B)Ethnicity,religion
C)Diversity,religion
D)Ethnicity,Culture

Question 46

Pranic healing is based on the principle that healing is possible by increasing the life force on the healthy part of the physical body.

Question 47

Indigenous healing refers to "______"

A)Helping beliefs and practices that originate within a given culture or society,
B)Not transported to or from other regions,
C)Designed for treating the inhabitants of the given group.
D)All of the above

Question 48

Qigong refers to "______ "

A)Flow of air
B)Vital Energy
C)Circularization of life
D)Both a and b
E)All of the above

Question 49

In Reiki therapy this life energy is used for healing by balancing the "______" elements of our bodies.Which is not one of them?

A)Physical
B)Emotional
C)Mental
D)Life
E)Spiritual

Question 50

A study of indigenous healing in 16 non-Western countries identified several commonalities among indigenous practices.One was the heavy reliance on family and community networks as both the context and instrument for treatment.Which is not one of them?

A)Family and community were used in Saudi Arabia to protect the disturbed individual,
B)In Korea to reconnect and reintegrate the individual with members of the family
C)In Nigeria to solve problems in the context of a group
D)In Japan showing the importance of the family instead of outside groups.