Deck 9: Social Interaction and Social Ties

Question 1

The term "support bank" refers to the fact that ________________.

A)some older adults go through life needing more emotional support than others do
B)some older adults give more financial support to family members than they get back
C)many local banks offer special accounts for older adults who make weekly deposits
D)older adults who give a lot of social support to others earlier in life feel it is legitimate to receive more support than they give later in life

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following would be predicted by disengagement theory?

A)Low activity; high life satisfaction
B)Low activity; low life satisfaction
C)High activity; high life satisfaction
D)No relationship between activity and life satisfaction

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to socioemotional selectivity theory (SST),social interaction can serve several functions.Which is (are) most important for older adults?

A)Social interaction as a way to develop one's identity,or sense of self.
B)Social interaction as a source of information.
C)Social interaction as a source of emotional regulation,or well-being.
D)All of the above are equally important,or central,for older adults.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In studies comparing middle-aged and older married couples,______________.

A)disagreements about adult children were a greater source of conflict among the older couples than among the middle-aged couples
B)when conversing about topics on which they disagreed,older speakers displayed more emotion than middle-aged speakers did
C)wives were more expressive than husbands,whereas husbands were more restrained when they were speaking about topics about which there was conflict
D)among the couples who reported a low level of marital satisfaction,the older couples were more likely than the middle-aged couples to express negative affect and escalate the level of conflict as they interacted

Question 5

As long as older adult parents are in reasonable health,they usually provide more support for their adult offspring than their middle-aged adult offspring do for them.

Question 6

According to socioemotional selectivity theory (SST),people with a long time horizon (for example,people who perceive that they have a long future in a particular place or that they have many years left to live) _______________.

A)prefer to interact socially with familiar partners
B)are only interested in social interactions that will give them positive emotional fulfillment
C)are usually not interested in becoming involved in social interactions at all
D)prefer to interact socially with novel (new,unfamiliar) partners

Question 7

With regard to older parent-adult child relationships,which is the closest?

A)Father-son
B)Father-daughter
C)Mother-son
D)Mother-daughter

Question 8

The family into which a person is born is called the ______________.

A)family of procreation
B)extended family
C)family of origin
D)nuclear family household

Question 9

According to disengagement theory,society pressures older adults to withdraw by stepping aside to make room for upcoming younger generations.Older adults do so because of the pressure,but they do it unwillingly.

Question 10

The beanpole family structure is one in which there are _______________.

A)few living generations but many members in each one
B)many living generations but few members in each one
C)family members living at great distances from one another
D)family members who all live close by and eat their meals together most of the time

Question 11

Lang and Carstensen studied individual differences in the social networks of a sample of older adults ranging from 70 to 104 years of age.They found _____________.

A)the size of the social network was inversely related to chronological age
B)the oldest study participants had no meaningful emotional ties with others
C)extraverts had smaller social networks than introverts did
D)individuals in the social networks of these older adults were not emotionally close

Question 12

According to the social exchange theory of social interactions,a social interaction between two partners is balanced if _____________________.

A)one partner persuades the other partner to participate in the social interaction
B)if one partner gets more reward than the other does from the social interaction
C)if both partners value the social interaction to an equal extent
D)if one partner accepts having less power than the other has

Question 13

The term "intimacy at a distance" has been used to describe the fact that ___________.

A)middle-aged adults want to keep their distance from their older parents
B)older adults would like to live under the same roof with their adult children but they have not been allowed to do so
C)older adults love their adult children but do not want to attend family parties or social gatherings
D)older adults welcome contact and involvement with family members but they prefer to maintain their own households as long as they are able to

Question 14

Which of the following would be predicted by activity theory?

A)High activity; high life satisfaction
B)Low activity; high life satisfaction
C)High activity; low life satisfaction
D)No relationship between activity and life satisfaction

Question 15

In Levitt et al.'s study on triads (young adult women,their mothers,and their grandmothers),it was found that family members ___________________.

A)make up a smaller proportion of the inner circle of the social network for the older cohort than for the young cohort
B)make up the same proportion of the inner circle of the social network for the young and older adult cohorts
C)make up a larger proportion of the inner circle of the social network for the older adult cohort than for the young adult cohort
D)are never part of the young adult cohort's convoy

Question 16

Compared to younger adults,older adults are____________ to become involved in intense emotional interactions (both positive and negative) when interacting with others,especially if those others are new acquaintances.

A)more likely
B)less likely
C)equally likely

Question 17

According to the convoy model,_____________.

A)the network of an individual's social relationships becomes larger from young to older adulthood
B)adults of all ages prefer to take others along on trips to other parts of the country
C)there is a social network of emotionally close others that moves with a person throughout life
D)the network of close social relationships constantly changes over the course of life

Question 18

According to the intergenerational stake hypothesis,________________.

A)adult offspring perceive their older parents in a more favorable light than the older parents perceive their adult children
B)adult offspring and their older parents have many sources of conflict that remain unresolved
C)older parents perceive their relationships with adult children as closer and more compatible than adult offspring consider their relationships with their parents to be
D)older parents want to be free of their adult children as soon as they are launched into independent lives

Question 19

Research studies on marital satisfaction indicate that ___________________.

A)marital satisfaction is highest in the early years of the marriage and then shows a steady decline as time goes by
B)marital satisfaction is low in the early years but steadily increases over the years
C)the arrival of children puts a strain on a marriage,but marital relationships improve once the children are launched and living independently
D)self-reported marital satisfaction is always high in late-life after many years or decades of marriage

Question 20

In Levitt et al.'s study on English-speaking and Spanish-speaking triads (young adult women,their mothers,and their grandmothers),it was found that ______________.

A)there were more friends than family members in the social networks of the Spanish-speaking triads than in the social networks of the English-speaking triads
B)there were more friends than family members in the social networks of the English-speaking triads than in the social networks of the Spanish-speaking triads
C)there was an equal proportion of friends in the social networks of the Spanish-speaking and the English-speaking triads

Question 21

Which sibling bond is likely to be closest in older adulthood?

A)Sister-sister
B)Sister-brother
C)Brother-brother
D)All of the above are equally close.

Question 22

When given a choice,older adults always express a preference for spending time with their adult children rather than spending time with close friends.

Question 23

The term "sandwich generation" refers to ______________.

A)school-age grandchildren who eat snacks at their grandparents' houses after school
B)young adults who rush between school and jobs and do not have time for a hot meal
C)older adults who gather for the mid-day meal at local senior center
D)middle-aged adults who have children as well as elderly parents to care for

Question 24

According to Kivnick and Sinclair,the most common grandparenting style in contemporary American society is _________________.

A)remote
B)companionate
C)involved
D)intrusive

Question 25

Briefly describe socioemotional selectivity theory (SST) and state what this theory would predict about the number of individuals young adults versus older adults are likely to have in their social network?

Question 26

The most important factor as far as adult daughters' positive feelings about caregiving for their older mothers is that ________________.

A)the duration of their caregiving duties is relatively brief
B)the level of care their mothers need does not increase over time
C)both of the above
D)neither of the above

Question 27

Which grandparent is likely to spend the most time with grandchildren?

A)A widowed grandmother
B)A married grandmother
C)A remarried grandfather
D)All of the above will spend a similar amount of time with grandchildren.

Question 28

Research by Clarke et al.found that the source of greatest conflict older adults report having with their adult children is _____________.

A)life style choices (e.g.,style of dress,occupational choices,alcohol use)
B)communication styles including criticism
C)not applicable because older adults never experience conflict with adult children

Question 29

Which of the following is a risk factor for becoming a victim of elder abuse in a domestic setting?

A)Being an older man rather than an older woman
B)Suffering from Alzheimer's disease or other type of dementia
C)Being at a low socioeconomic level
D)All of the above

Question 30

Research by Clarke et al.found that the source of greatest conflict that adult children report having with their older parents is _____________.

A)communication styles,including criticism
B)household standards and maintenance
C)political and religious ideology
D)childrearing practices and values

Question 31

The nature of sibling relationships from early to late life has been described using a(n)________ analogy.

A)pyramid
B)triangle
C)hourglass
D)hexagon

Question 32

Compared to European American family caregivers,African American family caregivers perceive caring for older family members _____________.

A)less favorably
B)more favorably
C)equally favorably

Question 33

Compare the activity theory and disengagement theory of social interactions in older adulthood.

Question 34

Elder abuse in institutional settings __________________.

A)may be related to staff "burnout"
B)can be verbal as well as physical
C)may be reduced by providing educational and morale-building workshops for the staff
D)All of the above

Question 35

According to the hierarchical-compensatory model,_________________.

A)siblings are the first people older adults call on for support when they are in need
B)siblings are called upon for support when a spouse or adult children are not available
C)siblings are never called upon for support no matter how great a brother of sister's need
D)sibling relationships that may have been close earlier in life become strained in later life

Question 36

A study on relationships among European American sibling dyads and African American sibling dyads found that __________________.

A)European American siblings were emotionally closer and more likely to provide support for one another than was the case for African American siblings
B)African American siblings were emotionally closer and more likely to provide support for one another than was the case for European American siblings
C)there was no difference among the European American and African American siblings with regard to their emotional closeness or likelihood of supporting one another

Question 37

What does social exchange theory say about social interactions between two people?

Question 38

What is meant by the terms social convoy and social network and how are they related?

Question 39

Which person is most likely to become an abuser in a domestic setting?

A)A spouse who cares for a husband/wife with physical or cognitive incapacities.
B)An adult son who visits but lives in his own home.
C)An adult daughter who shares the care of the older adult with her brothers and sisters.
D)All of the above are equally likely to become abusers of an older adult.

Question 40

If there are no obvious signs of physical trauma,an investigator can be sure that an older adult has not been abused.

Question 41

What forms can elder abuse take and how does abuse differ from neglect?

Question 42

How does the intergenerational ambivalence theory contribute to our understanding of the relationships between older adults and their adult children?

Question 43

What is meant by the terms modified extended family and intimacy at a distance?

Question 44

What does the situational model of elder abuse have to say about why elder abuse occurs?

Question 45

Carstensen,Gottman,and Levenson made video recordings of middle-aged and older adult married couples as they conversed about a topic on which they disagreed.What differences did they find were found,and were there any similarities?

Question 46

What does the hierarchical compensatory model have to say about sibling ties in older adulthood?

Question 47

What is the intergenerational stake hypothesis and what does it predict about the relationship between older adults and their adult children?