Deck 1: Introduction to Aging and Older Adulthood

Question 1

Until recently,a two-stages-of-life viewpoint was prevalent in developmental psychology.According to this perspective,physical and psychological functions were thought to _______________.

A)develop over the entire life span reaching a peak point in older adulthood
B)develop to a peak point in young adulthood but decline after that
C)develop to a peak point in late middle-adulthood but decline after that
D)develop to a peak point of middle-adulthood and remain stable after that

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Ageism is shown when people ______________.

A)have low expectations about older adults' cognitive or social capabilities.
B)discriminate against others based on their age.
C)view older adults as helpless.
D)All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Demography is the scientific study of _____________.

A)populations
B)therapeutic outcomes
C)family relationships
D)small group behavior

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following has the lowest proportion of its population in the 65+ age range?

A)Europe
B)Africa
C)North America
D)Oceania

Question 5

The National Institute on Aging was established in ________.

A)1920
B)1945
C)1974
D)1996

Question 6

The ages of ______ define the category of older adulthood that is often referred to as "young-old."

A)55-64
B)65-74
C)75-84
D)85 and older

Question 7

Georgina enjoys eating in a new restaurant every weekend and taking a vacation to a different place every year.Georgina would be considered ________ compared to Madge,who likes to eat at the same restaurant every week and return to the same vacation spot every year.

A)psychologically younger
B)psychologically older
C)psychologically the same age

Question 8

George lived with his parents until he got married at the age of 40.At the age of 45,George became a parent.Compared to other men of the same chronological age,George would be considered ___________.

A)socially older
B)socially younger
C)socially about the same

Question 9

The baby boom generation refers to individuals born between ________.

A)1990-2000
B)1980-1990
C)1946-1964
D)1929-1940

Question 10

John is 58 years old but when he went for his last check-up,his doctor told him that his blood pressure and cardiovascular functioning were similar to that of the average 75-year-old.In terms of biological age,John would be considered __________ .

A)young
B)middle-aged
C)old

Question 11

Which of the following terms would be considered by older adults to be the most favorable?

A)The aged
B)Senior citizens
C)Older adults
D)All of the above are equally favorable

Question 12

Research on the relationship between chronological age and how old a person feels indicates that middle-aged and older adults usually feel __________.

A)older than they are
B)younger than they are
C)the same age as they are

Question 13

The first wave of baby boomers_______.

A)celebrated their 65th birthday in the year 2011
B)celebrated their 60th birthday in 2010
C)will begin to turn 65 in 2020
D)will not turn 65 until 2030

Question 14

According to a study by Hummert,which of the following stereotypes do young adult college students have about older adults?

A)Set in ways
B)Loving
C)Generous
D)All of the above

Question 15

At age 55,Maria has decided to fulfill a long-time dream of becoming a lawyer and she is studying for the law school entrance exam (LSAT).Her best friend Vivien,also age 55,has decided to sell her house and move into a retirement community,where she will spend her leisure time playing cards in the community club house.In terms of social age,Vivien would be considered _______________.

A)older than Maria
B)younger than Maria
C)the same as Maria

Question 16

Krueger,Heckhausen,and Hundertmark asked adults from a wide range of ages what they thought of a 45-year-old woman who either (a) had been married for 20 years,had children ages 19 and 17,and worked as a bank manager or (b) had been married five years,had one young child,and worked at an entry-level bank job with hopes of being promoted.Which of the following best describes the findings of this study?

A)Study participants had a more positive view of (b) than they did of (a).
B)Study participants had a more positive view of (a) than they did of (b).
C)Study participants had an equally positive view of (a) and (b).
D)Study participants had an equally negative view of (a) and (b).

Question 17

Research on the relationship between chronological age and how old a person feels has found that young adults feel ______,and older adults feel ________.

A)older than they are; just about their own age
B)just about their own age; younger than they are
C)younger than they are; older than they are
D)older than they are; younger than they are

Question 18

The branch of medicine concerned with treating and managing diseases related to aging is ___________.

A)senescence
B)gerontology
C)cryonics
D)geriatrics

Question 19

The study of the biological,behavioral,and social phenomena that occur from the point of maturity to old age is ___________.

A)gerontology
B)geriatrics
C)histrionics
D)demographics

Question 20

In the United States,which chronological age traditionally signifies entry into the older adult age group?

A)55
B)60
C)65
D)70

Question 21

In the United States,which would be considered a normative history-graded influence on development?

A)Introduction of cell phones and iPods
B)Retiring from full-time work at the age of 40
C)Being a full-time student until the age of 18
D)A woman's reaching menopause at the age of 50

Question 22

In the United States,which is most likely to be considered a normative age-graded influence on development?

A)Losing a job in an economic recession
B)Job retirement at age 65
C)Being diagnosed with heart disease at the age of 35
D)Winning the lottery

Question 23

What is biological age and how is it related to chronological age?

Question 24

According to the ecological model of aging,____________.

A)people adapt best to environments that present a high degree of challenge,or press
B)people adapt best to environments that present a low degree of press
C)people adapt best when environmental press is tailored to their own level of competence
D)older adults are at the mercy of other people to shape their environment

Question 25

Which older adult is most likely to be found living in a nursing home on a permanent basis?

A)A European American man
B)A European American woman
C)An African American woman
D)A Hispanic American man

Question 26

Which event would be considered a normative age-graded influence on development?

A)Economic recession
B)A woman's reaching menopause in the 50s
C)A man's job retirement at age 45
D)Winning the lottery

Question 27

In which year is the population pyramid graph for the United States shaped most like a pyramid?

A)1900
B)1970
C)1975
D)2030

Question 28

Name two reasons why the study of aging and older adulthood developed later than the study of childhood and adolescence?

Question 29

Which of the following make up the largest proportion of the older (65+) adult population in the United States?

A)European Americans
B)Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
C)African Americans
D)Hispanic Americans

Question 30

Nature/nurture is an important theme in developmental psychology.Nature refers to _______ and nurture refers to ________.

A)genetic factors; environmental factors
B)life experience; hereditary factors
C)environmental factors; life experiences
D)biological factors; hereditary factors

Question 31

According to the Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) Model,people who adapt best to the aging process are those who _______________.

A)put their energies into as many skills and activities as possible
B)choose a few skills and activities on which to focus their energies
C)sit back,relax,and let other people take the lead on everything
D)hold the highest standards and expectations in all areas of functioning

Question 32

Interest in the study of aging and older adulthood has arisen from concerns of a scientific nature,but it also stems from those of a personal and/or practical nature.Briefly describe what each of these concerns entails.

Question 33

Older adults who choose to relocate to areas of the country where the climate is milder tend to __________.

A)be in their 60s and in good health
B)be in their 70s and to have limited incomes
C)be in their 80s and to have health problems
D)outnumber those who remain in the same geographical location

Question 34

Which is the most accurate statement about older (ages 65+) men and women in the United States at the present time?

A)There are more older men than there are older women.
B)A larger proportion of older women than older men are married.
C)More older women than older men live alone.
D)More older men than older women live with family members other than a spouse.

Question 35

What is the best example of a nonnormative life event?

A)An event that has very little impact on the life of the individual who experiences it.
B)A typical event that occurs at a standard time of life .
C)An event that influences everyone in a particular culture.
D)An unexpected event such as being diagnosed with a rare illness.

Question 36

Although the economic status of older adults in the United States has improved over time,which older adults are most likely to be living close to poverty level?

A)A Hispanic American widow
B)An European American man
C)A European American woman who lives with her spouse
D)All of the above are equally likely to be living close to poverty level

Question 37

Which factor(s) is (are) important to consider when projecting what proportion of the United States population will be ages 65+ within the next 20 years?

A)Numbers in the baby boom generation
B)Birth rate
C)Neither of the above
D)Both of the above

Question 38

In the United States,the fastest growing segment of the older adult population in the United States is ___________.

A)the young-old age group
B)the old-old age group
C)the oldest-old age group
D)All of the above are equally fast-growing

Question 39

When a population pyramid graph is actually shaped like a pyramid (as it was in 1900),which of following best describes the birth rate and death rate of the population?

A)Low birth rate and low death rate
B)High birth rate and low death rate
C)High birth rate and high death rate
D)Low birth rate and high death rate

Question 40

Which is the closest estimate of the percentage of the U.S.population that will be aged 65+ by the year 2030?

A)5%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 41

What is functional age? Give an example of a person who is functionally young and one who is functionally old.

Question 42

What kind of developmental influence is represented by the widespread use of personal computers? Explain your answer.

Question 43

What is ageism and what forms can it take?

Question 44

Briefly describe the three-tier categorization of older adulthood into the "young-old," "old-old," and "oldest-old."

Question 45

What is social age,and how are chronological age and social age related?

Question 46

The relative influence of nature and nurture has been a theme in the study of development.What is nature and what is nurture? Why is it especially difficult to study this issue in older adults?

Question 47

Give a brief description of today's older adult age group in the United States.Mention gender proportion,marital status,racial/ethnic composition,education level,and economic status.

Question 48

The population pyramid is a graph depicting the proportion of males and females in the United States population at any given point in time.Explain why the graph was actually shaped like a pyramid in 1900,but by the year 2030 it will not resemble a pyramid at all.

Question 49

Explain how the Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) Model can be used to describe successful aging?