Deck 15: Religion and Globalization

Question 1

World systems theorists refer to poor nonindustrialized societies which have narrow, export-oriented economies based largely in providing raw materials to the industrialized countries as

A)dependency cultures.
B)subsystem leeches.
C)oligarchy oliffs.
D)the core.
E)the periphery.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The process by which the entire world is becoming "a single sociocultural place" is called
B)world systemization.
C)secularism.
D)cultural homogenization.
D)globalization.
E)ethnocide.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The formation of fundamentalist movements in many religious traditions around the world is interpreted by globalization sociologists as being rooted in several factors.Which of the following is NOT among those factors?

A)Fear of pluralism and relativity.
B)Fear of economic interdependence on other peoples.
C)Fear that religion is becoming irrelevant to a diverse and changing world, and a desire to adapt to new realities.
C)Reaction against institutional differentiation.
D)Rejection of liberal theological reforms within the religious tradition that embrace modernization.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Immanuel Wallerstein's "world system theory" is based on

A)structural-functional theory.
B)Marxian conflict theory.
C)rational choice theory.
D)symbolic interactionism
E)Weberian theory.

Question 5

The idea that Christianity is "different only in degree from other religions" is usually strongest

A)in rural areas.
B)in urban areas, coastal trade centers, and other "cross-roads" of cultures and peoples.
C)in areas where Christianity is stable, secure and dominant-and is not threatened by the presence of other religious traditions.
D)in neo-fundamentalist and Pentecostal groups.
E)among Roman Catholics who reject the Vatican II Council.

Question 6

Although virtually all religions give lip-service to a desire for world peace, and although world peace requires greater tolerance and understanding between peoples, religious institutions may be rewarded for creating hostility between groups.This is because

A)an institution increases in numbers and resources if it emphasizes ethnic pride and the moral superiority of the group.
B)most world religions preach the glory of the holy crusade.
C)embracing pluralism reduces anomie in a culture.
D)all of the above.

Question 7

Which of the following is LEAST likely to enhance the power of clergy in a conflict between religious leaders and a national government, as occurred in Poland?

A)Clergy have a source of support external to the nation
B)The religious organization is international in character.
C)Clergy are supported by a state church-one financed with governmental tax dollars.
D)The church functions as a symbol of ethnic identity-even more than the government.

Question 8

Immanuel Wallersteins's "world system theory"

A)maintains that secularization is an unstoppable force, and that religion is doomed to decline and to have an insignificant role in human affairs.
B)maintains that religion is the major force for world peace in a world separated by economic self-interests.
C)maintains that religion is a force for mobilizing the poor and bringing change to world events.
D)is condemned by liberation theology for its legitimation of the privileges of the "haves."
E)all of the above.

Question 9

The fact that the standardizing and homogenizing processes of globalization do not totally eliminate local cultures-exemplified by the Majaraja Mac and McAloo Tikki in India-is the idea behind which concept?

A)Coca-Colonization
B)McDonaldization
C)Glocalization
D)None of the above

Question 10

Familial and religious relationships are often emotive-expressive ones based on interpersonal boding, shared values, and sense of commitment to specific other persons.These are called

A)covenantal relations.
B)contractual relations.
C)glocalized relations.
D)hybridization ties.
E)privatism ties.

Question 11

According to Robertson, globalization involves several interdependent processes.Which of the following is NOT among these?

A)Structural interdependence of nation-states.
B)Synthesis and cross-fertilization of cultures.
C)An increase in traditional informal mechanisms of control.
D)A change in socialization to greater acceptance of those who are "different".
E)An increase in individualism.

Question 12

Your textbook suggests that an increase in the number of educational institutions, the development of a systematic "orthodox" theology, and standardization of religious moral norms in a religious tradition may be caused by

A)fundamentalist reactions against globalization.
B)a decrease in the educational level of a population.
C)an increase in religious pluralism.
D)geographical isolationism.
E)global demographic trends toward urbanization.

Question 13

Glocalization refers to

A)the process of corporations undermining the culture of local communities.
B)ethnocide.
C)process of tailoring global products to local tastes and local culture.
D)the process of becoming a missionary in the Assemblies of God denomination.
E)living in and having citizenship in two countries.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true of religion in the international political scene?

A)The institutional reward system of the church may actually work against openness to diversity.
B)Despite church proclamations in support of peace, the drive for survival may entice religious leaders to engage in behaviors that support ethnocentrism and bigotry.
C)Fundamentalist movements from around the world may be reactions to global trends of pluralism and modernization.
D)The "New Age religion" is a universalistic faith that is likely to provide a unifying civil religion for the world.
E)American televangelists have sometimes expanded their "markets" by broadcasting programs abroad, occasionally creating diplomatic tensions and conflicts for the U.S.government.

Question 15

One concern about globalization is the impact on covenantal and contractual relations.The issue is that it appears that

A)contractual ties are being compromised by covenantal ties.
B)the covenantal realm is shrinking in the face of expanding contractual ties.
C)The contractual realm is shrinking in the face of expanding covenantal ties.
D)contractual ties are causing glocalization.

Question 16

Your textbook says that the Roman Catholic Church has been facing a dilemma of choosing between defending the self-interests of the poor or sacralizing the interests of the affluent industrialized countries.This has become a special dilemma for the church because

A)modern technology has changed the way rich and poor countries relate to one another.
B)Roman Catholic theologians are for the first time becoming aware of global inequalities.
C)the constituency of the Roman Catholic Church is now multicultural, with large memberships from Africa, Latin America, and other Global South regions.
D)most Catholic theologians are white males with no interest in poverty or oppression.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a glocalization strategy?

A)Relativization
B)Accommodation
C)Hybridization
D)Ethnocide
E)Transformation

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a fundamentalist religious tradition?

A)Traditionism
B)Scripturalism
C)Radicalism
D)Oppositionism
E)Privatism

Question 19

Some global theologies emphasize the idea that the world is a single place and that all humans are children of the same God.According to your text, these global theologies, and acceptance of other religious traditions as having truth

A)have always been characteristic of Christianity.
B)have always been characteristic of evangelical groups, but not of other expressions of Christianity.
C)have historically been more characteristic of non-Christian religions than of Christian groups.
D)are at least in part a result of increased global interdependence.

Question 20

Globalization in the past century has involved several processes that impact religion.Which of the following are NOT among those processes discussed in your textbook?

A)Secularization of social structures and cultures.
B)The founding of the United Nations.
C)Migration patterns.
D)Introduction of new, sophisticated communication technologies.
E)Expansion of governments to address "quality of life" issues and provision of social services.

Question 21

What is the difference between transnational and autocephalus churches?

A)Transnational churches encourage and promote globalization, while autocephalus churches are fundamentalist churches that oppose globalization of religion
B)Transnational churches are global in nature; they stretch across national boundaries.Autocephalus churches are not organizationally linked to congregations in other countries.
C)Transnational churches are conservative in nature, while autochephalus churches are more liberal.
D)Transnational churches have been at the forefront of missionary projects, while autocephalus churches have not.

Question 22

Transnational religious connections are formed by people who migrate often continue to have ties to the home community, communicating with, remitting money, visiting, and even retiring to the home country.They often have an effect on religious communities in both the old country and the new one.They are called

A)transmigrants
B)glocalizers
C)periphery
D)the Group of 77
E)civil religionists

Question 23

A religious group in a local community sees positive features in globalization and economic development, but they also see some positive aspects of their longstanding religious and cultural traditions which they do not want to have swallowed up.They seek a middle ground approach that would involve a synthesis of elements of the two.As a glocalization strategy this is called

A)Relativization
B)Accommodation
C)Hybridization
D)Ethnocide
E)Transformation