Deck 6: Individuals with Intellectual Disability

Question 1

It is estimated that approximately _____ percent of people with intellectual disability function at the mild level (IQ 50-70/75).

A)90
B)85
C)95
D)75

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The belief that the consequences or outcomes of a person's actions are the result of circumstances and situations beyond one's control rather than a result of one's own efforts.

A)generalizing
B)external locus of control
C)learned helplessness
D)outer directedness

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Individuals with an approximate measured IQ of 25-40 are considered to have a

A)mild intellectual disability
B)moderate intellectual disability
C)severe intellectual disability
D)profound intellectual disability

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A chromosomal abnormality leading to intellectual disabilities along with physical anomalies.

A)amniocentesis
B)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
C)therapeutic abortion
D)fragile X syndrome.

Question 5

Individuals with mild intellectual disability have an approximate measured IQ of

A)under 25
B)40-55
C)55-70
D)25-40

Question 6

An inborn error of metabolism that makes infants unable to process galactose,resulting in a variety of physical problems in addition to intellectual disabilities; dietary intervention reduces potential for problems.

A)rubella
B)acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
C)phenylketonuria (PKU)
D)galactosemia

Question 7

Lead poisoning is an example of which factor:

A)infections and intoxicants
B)environmental factor
C)neonatal complications
D)brain damage

Question 8

Supports on an as-needed or episodic basis.Person does not always need the support(s),or person needs short-term supports during live span transitions.

A)intermittent
B)limited
C)extensive
D)pervasive

Question 9

Classification of a person with mild intellectual disabilities who typically develops functional academic skills at a third- or fourth-grade level.The IQ range is generally between 50-55 and 70-75.

A)natural supports
B)formal supports
C)trainable mentally retarded (TMR)
D)educable mentally retarded (EMR)

Question 10

The 1992 AAIDD definition of intellectual disabilities portrays intellectual disability as a relationship between the

A)level of support needed for an individual to participate to his or her maximum potential and the intelligence of the individual.
B)individual's intellectual functioning,language functioning,and motor functioning.
C)individual's IQ,the individual's adaptive behavior functioning,and the environment.
D)individual,the environment,and the type of support needed for maximum functioning.

Question 11

Supports characterized by their constancy and high intensity; provided across all environments,potential life-sustaining nature.

A)intermittent
B)limited
C)extensive
D)pervasive

Question 12

The purposes of self-advocacy is for individuals with intellectual disability include all EXCEPT:

A)to gain greater personal control over their lives
B)to foster their own independence
C)to empower people and help them to assertively state their needs,wants,and desires.
D)to be prepared to be self-employed.

Question 13

In the early 1990s,the AAIDD developed a model for serving individuals with intellectual disabilities based on the type and extent of needed supports.That model is referred to as

A)etiological perspective
B)intellectual deficits
C)educational perspective
D)Levels of Support

Question 14

A viral disease also know as German measles,contact in first trimester of pregnancy,often results in a variety of significant impairments.

A)rubella
B)acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
C)phenylketonuria (PKU)
D)galactosemia

Question 15

A lack of persistence at tasks that can be mastered; a tendency to expect failure.

A)generalizing
B)external locus of control
C)learned helplessness
D)outer directedness

Question 16

Elective termination of a pregnancy due to the presence of a birth defect.

A)amniocentesis
B)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
C)therapeutic abortion
D)fragile X syndrome

Question 17

A movement whereby persons with intellectual disabilities are relocated from large institutions into smaller,community-based,group living settings.

A)deinstitutionalization
B)integration
C)inclusion
D)normalization

Question 18

The ability to transfer previously learned knowledge or skills acquired in one setting to another set of circumstances or situation.

A)generalizing
B)external locus of control
C)learned helplessness
D)outer directedness

Question 19

This classification system categorizes students with intellectual disability based on expected or anticipate educational accomplishments.

A)Intellectual deficits
B)Educational perspective
C)Etiological perspective
D)Levels of Support

Question 20

A condition characterized by a loss of confidence in one's own capabilities and a reliance on others for cue and guidance.

A)generalizing
B)external locus of control
C)learned helplessness
D)outer directedness

Question 21

Which of the following statements is not true about Down syndrome?

A)It has been linked to a chromosomal abnormality.
B)It predominately affects males.
C)There is a link between maternal age and Down syndrome.
D)It most often results in individuals with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities.

Question 22

How many standard deviations below the mean are the IQs of persons classified with profound intellectual disabilities?

A)2 to 3
B)3 to 4
C)4 to 5
D)More than 5

Question 23

A child is born at 36 weeks of gestation and weighs 5 lbs.after an otherwise normal pregnancy.Later in life,this child is classified as developmentally disabled.What are the likely factors that contributed to the child's disability?

A)Prenatal factors
B)Chromosomal factors
C)Postnatal factors
D)Perinatal factors

Question 24

What percentage of the school-age population,aged 6 to 21 years,is identified as having intellectual disabilities?

A)Approximately 1%
B)Approximately 2%
C)Approximately 3%
D)Approximately 5%

Question 25

What is generalization?

A)Performing similar skills as those performed by same-age peers
B)Performing an acquired skill after a period of time has passed
C)Performing an acquired skill in novel situations
D)Acquiring a new skill

Question 26

A teacher is working to teach a student with intellectual disability new skills.Given the student's functioning level,the teacher anticipates the student should not have difficulty learning the new skills.However,during class,the student often puts his head down and says,"I can't" and "I need help," refusing to attempt the skills on his own.This student may be showing signs of

A)learned helplessness.
B)deficits in attention.
C)a plateau in development.
D)a delay in development.

Question 27

Persons with intellectual disabilities often experience difficulty with academic performance.The weakest area is most often

A)science concepts.
B)memory.
C)arithmetic.
D)reading comprehension.

Question 28

Three levels of prevention of intellectual disabilities have been identified.An example of a secondary prevention is

A)screenings of newborns for phenylketonuria (PKU).
B)early intervention programs.
C)amniocentesis.
D)prenatal care.

Question 29

Intellectual disability is possibly caused by the maternal infection(s)of

A)HIV (AIDS).
B)influenza.
C)rubella.
D)HIV (AIDS)and rubella.

Question 30

Considering causes of intellectual disabilities,cytomegalovirus would be categorized as what type of cause?

A)Postnatal
B)Pronatal
C)Prenatal
D)Perinatal

Question 31

A professional working with an adult with intellectual disabilities helps the adult move out of an institution and into a supported living environment,to dress in clothing that is currently in fashion for persons of similar age,to obtain employment,and to pursue meaningful friendships.This professional is using

A)the principle of normalization.
B)a task analysis approach.
C)the concept of mainstreaming.
D)natural supports.

Question 32

Which of the following is not considered a common characteristic of persons with intellectual disabilities?

A)Inability to learn
B)Inability to believe in their ability to solve problems
C)Deficits in attention
D)Deficits in memory

Question 33

According to the 1992 AAIDD definition,intellectual disability manifests prior to what age?

A)5 years
B)12 years
C)18 years
D)21 years

Question 34

Teachers should pay special attention to the social and behavioral development of their students because

A)there is a strong correlation between social adequacy and intelligence.
B)being socially adept is important for success across environments.
C)students with social inadequacies often develop violent behaviors.
D)students with behaviors that are socially inappropriate should be separated from their peers.

Question 35

The most recent strategy used for classifying individuals with intellectual disabilities by the AAIDD was to classify on the basis of

A)intellectual functioning.
B)severity of intellectual disabilities.
C)cause of the disability.
D)levels of support.

Question 36

Séguin is considered an important figure in the history of special education because he

A)established the first school for persons with intellectual disabilities in the United States.
B)developed one of the early models for describing stages of learning.
C)was the first person to demonstrate that an individual with intellectual disabilities could learn.
D)helped establish residential facilities for persons with intellectual disabilities in the United States.

Question 37

According to the 1992 AAIDD definition of intellectual disability,persons are classified based on the level of support they need to effectively function in various settings.Select the response that lists the levels of support in order from the least amount of support to the most amount of support.

A)Limited,intermittent,extensive,pervasive
B)Intermittent,limited,extensive,pervasive
C)Limited,intermittent,pervasive,extensive
D)Intermittent,limited,pervasive,extensive

Question 38

The most common method used for assessing an individual's cognitive ability is through the use of a(n)

A)adaptive behavior assessment.
B)intelligence or IQ test.
C)direct observation assessment.
D)achievement test.

Question 39

Individuals with mild intellectual disabilities have an IQ between

A)30 and 40
B)50 and 60
C)50 and 70
D)75 and 90

Question 40

An 8-year-old girl living in the United States who is able to dress herself,brush her own teeth,make a peanut butter sandwich,and do her homework is demonstrating competence in ______.

A)metabolic processes
B)adaptive behavior
C)social skills
D)intellectual functioning

Question 41

Which of the following is an example of a skill that may be taught in a functional curriculum?

A)Reading a science textbook
B)Reciting poetry
C)Riding the bus to a shopping location
D)Performing math algorithms in a workbook

Question 42

______ is a statistic that explains how far a particular score varies from the average.

A)An IQ
B)The mean
C)Standard deviation
D)Standard score

Question 43

The forerunner to the AAIDD,originally called the Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiotic and Feeble-Minded Persons,was founded in which year?

A)1912
B)1976
C)1876
D)1895

Question 44

What is the most common type of Down syndrome?

A)Anencephaly 12
B)Turner syndrome
C)China syndrome
D)Trisomy 21

Question 45

The use of ______ provides a tool that can greatly expand students with disabilities' access to the general education curriculum.

A)independent practice
B)normalization
C)technology
D)formal supports

Question 46

The most recent data on educational placement for students with intellectual disabilities indicate that the most common placement is in

A)inclusive general education classrooms.
B)resource rooms.
C)self-contained,separate schools.
D)self-contained,separate classrooms.

Question 47

What percentage of children receiving a special education is classified intellectually disabled?

A)5%
B)9.2%
C)7.1%
D)20%

Question 48

A teacher who provides the supports a student needs to learn a new skill and then gradually removes the supports as the student becomes more proficient at the task is using

A)cooperative learning.
B)task analysis.
C)scaffolding.
D)a functional curriculum.

Question 49

Which of the following is not an IQ test cited in the text?

A)Wechsler Intelligence Scale
B)Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
C)Kaufman Assessment Battery
D)Maynard-Dexter Intelligence Scale

Question 50

The father of special education is considered to be

A)Jean Marc Gaspard Itard.
B)Édouard Séguin.
C)Howard Gardner.
D)King Henry II.

Question 51

Which descriptive words can be used to describe how the term mental retardation is generally viewed in our society?

A)Stereotyped and misunderstood
B)Valued and appreciated
C)Helpful and regarded
D)Interesting and intriguing

Question 52

Which two criteria are used to determine whether a child has an intellectual disability?

A)Intellectual functioning and attention behaviors
B)Adaptive behavior and behavioral issues
C)Intellectual behavior and adaptive behavior
D)IQ scores and grades

Question 53

Which of the following is not a characteristic of cooperative learning?

A)Used with heterogeneous groups
B)Encourages healthy competition among students
C)Rewards are based on group performance.
D)Each pupil contributes to the assignment.

Question 54

Family-centered services are most often associated with

A)transition programs.
B)elementary programs.
C)special education services.
D)early intervention programs.

Question 55

All of the following are types of natural support except

A)Social Security.
B)friends.
C)family.
D)teachers.

Question 56

Which of the following is a valid concern for IQ testing?

A)Predictability of school performance
B)Stability of IQ
C)Progressive thinking
D)Moral preparedness

Question 57

The belief that consequences and outcomes of behaviors are the result of circumstances and events beyond personal control is an example of

A)external locus of control.
B)learned helplessness.
C)outer directedness.
D)acknowledging one's own limitations.

Question 58

Mr.Mendoza is teaching Luis to eat with a fork.He identifies these skills to teach: stab the food with the fork,raise the fork to the mouth,insert the food in the mouth,remove the fork from the mouth,chew and swallow the food,and repeat the process.This is an example of ______.

A)providing training across multiple contexts
B)generalization
C)teaching in simulation
D)a task analysis

Question 59

A person with intellectual disabilities receives a Social Security payment each month because of his or her disability.What type of support is this considered?

A)Programmatic support
B)Formal support
C)Intermediate support
D)Natural support

Question 60

All of the following are examples of 2002 AAIDD Adaptive Skills Areas except

A)conceptual.
B)practical.
C)social.
D)morality.

Question 61

Individuals with intellectual disability are more like their typically developing counterparts than they are different from them.

Question 62

Students who experience repeated academic failures may develop a style of learning known as ______ in which they do not trust their own abilities and rely on others for help.

A)externalism
B)motivation
C)outer directedness
D)locus of direction

Question 63

______ is a strategy for teaching functional skills in the environment in which they would naturally occur rather than in simulated settings.

A)Task analysis
B)Community-based instruction
C)Cooperative learning
D)Scaffolding

Question 64

Intellectual disability was defined as "subaverage general intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period and is associated with impairments in adaptive behavior" by which of the following AAIDD definitions?

A)1973 AAIDD definition
B)1961 AAIDD definition
C)1992 AAIDD definition
D)2002 AAIDD definition

Question 65

Which of the following is not a recommended teaching and learning adaptation designed to improve learning outcomes for students with intellectual disability?

A)Ensure attention to relevant task demands
B)Teach ways to learn content while teaching content itself
C)Provide training that crosses multiple learning and environmental contexts
D)Provide multiple drills in skill development

Question 66

Identify a functional or life skills curriculum.

A)Generic model
B)Task analysis
C)Cooperative learning
D)CLOC-RAM

Question 67

A comprehensive curriculum for learners with cognitive limitations should include all except this:

A)Be responsive to the needs of individual students
B)Provide maximum interaction with peers who are not disabled
C)Be sensitive to diploma requirements and graduation goals
D)Teach students in a self-contained environment

Question 68

The Middle Ages was a period of more humane treatment of individuals with disabilities.

Question 69

Early intervention represents a consortium of services-not just educational assistance by also health care,social services,family supports,and other benefits.

Question 70

Deinstitutionalization advocates making available to the intellectually disabled patterns and conditions of everyday life which are as close as possible to the norms and patterns of the mainstream of society.

Question 71

Parents who have children with the metabolic disorder of ______ can greatly reduce developmental delays if they discover the condition early and place their children on a milk-free diet.

A)PKU
B)galactosemia
C)cytomegalovirus
D)toxoplasmosis

Question 72

The aim of the levels of support approach is to explain an individual's functional (rather than intellectual)limitations in terms of the amount of support he or she requires to achieve optimal growth and development at home,school,the workplace,and in other community settings.

Question 73

The ability of an individual to meet the standards of personal independence as well as social responsibility appropriate for his or her chronological age and culture group is referred to as

A)task analysis.
B)self-advocacy.
C)adaptive behavior.
D)self-esteem.

Question 74

Which of the following is not considered a possible postnatal cause of intellectual disability?

A)Encephalitis
B)Head trauma
C)Reye syndrome
D)Hydrocephalus

Question 75

Persons with disabilities who speak out on issues of importance to them are practicing ______.

A)self-determination
B)self-advocacy
C)self-monitoring
D)self-realization

Question 76

Individuals with intellectual disability are usually successful in duplicating skills and strategies across content areas.

Question 77

A ______ event is one etiological factor occurring around the time of birth.

A)perinatal
B)prenatal
C)postnatal
D)birth natal

Question 78

Common behaviors of persons with intellectual disabilities include

A)high functioning in mathematics.
B)attention deficits.
C)memory problems.
D)attention deficits and memory problems.

Question 79

All of the following except ______ are part of the process involved in conducting a task analysis.

A)define the target behavior or task
B)identify the prerequisite skills for the learning task
C)identify the needed materials to perform the task
D)provide opportunities for students to complete an itemized list of activities they would like to complete

Question 80

The Renaissance in the 1300s brought about which of the following societal changes:

A)Religion was a dominant social force.
B)There was more humane treatment of individuals with disabilities.
C)Monasteries and asylums were established to provide sanctuary for individuals with disabilities.
D)All of these