Deck 8: Individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 1

Current thought suggests that ADHD results from which of the following:

A)too much dopamine in the frontal cortex
B)too little dopamine in the basal ganglia region of the brain
C)deficiency or dysfunction of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the regions of the bran that control activity and attention
D)the absence of the neurotransmitter dopamine

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A historical term applied to individuals with intellectual disabilities who exhibit high levels of distractibility and hyperactivity.

A)Strauss syndrome
B)minimal brain injury
C)hyperactive child syndrome
D)executive functions

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Of the following medications used to treat ADHD,_____ is one that is identified as having potential adverse side effects.

A)Dexedrine
B)Adderall
C)Focalin
D)Ritalin

Answer 3

C

Question 4

"Allow use of calculator" is an example of an accommodation or strategy that teachers may use to adapt to the needs of students with ADHD.As stated,the accommodation addresses which area of difficulty encountered by the individual with ADHD?

A)inattention
B)impulsiveness
C)academic skills
D)organization planning

Question 5

The majority of individuals identified as ADHD fit into which profile?

A)ADHD-predominantly inattentive type
B)ADHD-predominantly hyperactive type
C)ADHD-predominantly impulsive type
D)ADHD-combined type

Question 6

A once-popular term referring to individuals who exhibit behavioral signs of brain injury (such as distractibility or impulsivity)but with no neurological evidence.

A)Strauss syndrome
B)minimal brain injury
C)hyperactive child syndrome
D)executive functions

Question 7

What type of classroom environment do most students with ADHD respond to the best?

A)Structured and predictable so the student knows the rules and what to expect
B)Unstructured to allow the student to shift his or her attention from task to task
C)Rigid so the student must learn to pay attention and stay on task
D)It doesn't matter what type of environment the student is in as long as he or she is taking medication to address the problem.

Question 8

The use of concurrent treatment approaches with students who exhibit attention deficit hyperactivity disorder refers to

A)prereferral interventions
B)multimodal interventions
C)functional behavior
D)self-regulation

Question 9

It is important to seek a medical evaluation when assessing an individual for ADHD because

A)doctors can do medical tests to confirm the existence of the disorder.
B)it is important to rule out other medical conditions that may be contributing to the behaviors of concern.
C)physicians are better able to identify the disorder because of their medical training.
D)parents are more likely to trust their physician than the school evaluation team.

Question 10

The most frequently prescribed medication for treating ADHD is

A)Dexedrine
B)Adderall
C)Focalin
D)Ritalin

Question 11

Why is there a high rate of comorbidity between ADHD and other psychiatric disorders?

A)Individuals who are susceptible to ADHD are also susceptible to other psychiatric problems.
B)Researchers do not know why the overlap exists.
C)ADHD can be the cause of other psychiatric problems.
D)Professionals are more likely to identify an individual with psychiatric problems if the individual has already been identified as having ADHD.

Question 12

A problem experienced by individuals with impaired executive functioning may be

A)forgetfulness.
B)difficulty following rules and directions.
C)lack of emotional control.
D)all of these

Question 13

Students with ADHD are typically

A)Homeschooled
B)In self-contained classrooms
C)In general education classrooms
D)None of these

Question 14

The correlation between which of these environmental factors and ADHD is supported by research?

A)An excess of sugar
B)Overexposure to television
C)Maternal smoking
D)Food additives

Question 15

A student with ADHD who has trouble waiting his turn,resisting distractions,delaying immediate gratification,or interrupting a faulty line of thinking is experiencing the effect of

A)behavior inhibition
B)comorbidity
C)minimal brain injury
D)psychostimulants

Question 16

"Encourage student to have notebook with dividers and folders for work" is an example of an accommodation or strategy that teachers may use to adapt to the needs of students with ADHD.As stated,the accommodation addresses which area of difficulty encountered by the individual with ADHD?

A)inattention
B)impulsiveness
C)academic skills
D)organization planning

Question 17

"Set up behavior contract" is an example of an accommodation or strategy that teachers may use to adapt to the needs of students with ADHD.As stated,the accommodation addresses which area of difficulty encountered by the individual with ADHD?

A)inattention
B)impulsiveness
C)academic skills
D)organization planning

Question 18

"Seat student in a quiet area" is an example of an accommodation or strategy that teachers may use to adapt to the needs of students with ADHD.As stated,the accommodation addresses which area of difficulty encountered by the individual with ADHD?

A)inattention
B)impulsiveness
C)academic skills
D)organization planning

Question 19

Which of the following medications used to treat ADHD is a nonstimulant medication ?

A)Dexedrine
B)Adderall
C)Concerta
D)Strattera

Question 20

A behavioral strategy that seeks to determine the purpose or function that a particular behavior serves.What is occasioning and maintaining the behavior is called

A)multimodal interventions
B)prereferral interventions
C)functional behavior
D)self-regulation

Question 21

What is the term used to describe the situation in which an individual's behavior grows worse as psychostimulant medication wears off?

A)Rebound result
B)Rebound consequence
C)Rebound effect
D)Rebound period

Question 22

What is a good recommendation for a teacher who is working with a student with ADHD struggling with written expression?

A)Provide the student with more written assignments to allow the student to practice
B)Allow the student to use a word processor,typewriter,and so on
C)Have peers critique the student's written work
D)None of these

Question 23

Which is the term used to describe the process that focuses on determining the purpose or function that a particular behavior serves?

A)Analysis of behavior
B)Functional behavior assessment
C)Functional identification
D)None of the above

Question 24

The term comorbidity is used to describe

A)an overlap of multiple conditions.
B)a condition for which there is no cure.
C)something that is easy to diagnose and treat.
D)a rare blood disease.

Question 25

The most popular form of medication used to treat individuals with ADHD is

A)psychostimulants.
B)antidepressants.
C)narcotics.
D)psychotropics.

Question 26

In regards to individuals with ADHD,postsecondary institutions

A)are not required to make accommodations for students because they do not fall under IDEA.
B)are required to offer services if made aware that a student has been identified with the disorder.
C)are required to seek out students who may be affected by the disorder and offer them services.
D)can refuse services to a previously identified student if the institution's evaluation team does not agree with the identification.

Question 27

You are concerned that one of your students may be exhibiting symptoms of ADHD.What is one of the first approaches you may take to assist the student before referring him or her for services?

A)Place the student in the least distracting location in the class
B)Adapt work assignments so the student has less to do
C)Allow the student to use additional learning aids
D)Recommend that the parents consider medication for their child

Question 28

What is a good recommendation for a teacher who is working with a student with ADHD struggling with oral expression?

A)Substitute a display for an oral report
B)Call on the student randomly to speak aloud so he or she grows accustomed to it
C)Correct the student when his or her oral expression is inaccurate
D)Provide strict guidelines of what the student should discuss

Question 29

What is one thing a teacher should not do when working with a student with ADHD who is struggling with reading?

A)Provide extra reading time
B)Shorten reading assignments
C)Ask the student to read assignments out loud
D)Preview the reading assignments

Question 30

A highly recommended strategy for students with ADHD that requires students to stop and compare their behavior to preset criteria is known as

A)self-control.
B)self-regulation.
C)impulse control.
D)self-discipline.

Question 31

One of your students has been through the referral process and did not qualify for special education services under IDEA.You are still concerned that the child may need extra help to succeed in school.What should you do?

A)There's not much you can do; if the student does not qualify for services,you should focus your attention on those students who do.
B)Request an evaluation by a different team to get a second opinion.
C)Recommend that the student be transferred to a classroom where students with ADHD are already being served.
D)See that the student receives services under Section 504.

Question 32

Which of the following is not a common vocational outcome for adults with ADHD?

A)They are more likely to be fired.
B)They are often self-employed.
C)They will almost always be unable to maintain a detail-oriented job.
D)They change jobs frequently.

Question 33

What may be the danger(s)of using medication to treat ADHD?

A)Negative side effects associated with the medication
B)Risks involved in managing medication within the school
C)The reliance on medication may result in less accountability of the student and professionals for certain behaviors.
D)All of these

Question 34

Some professionals are concerned with the identification of ADHD in culturally diverse students because

A)African American individuals have a higher rate of the disorder.
B)the rating scales used to identify the disorder may reflect bias toward or against certain cultural groups.
C)the assessment methods used are accurate only for European American individuals.
D)the common treatment approaches are effective only for European American individuals.

Question 35

The most important thing to remember about home-school collaboration is

A)The method in which the communication occurs
B)That communication is taking place with the head of the family
C)The student is aware that communication is taking place.
D)That meaningful communication is taking place between school and the family

Question 36

Medication for students with ADHD

A)is often enough to control the students' behavior and increase achievement.
B)should always be used in addition to educational and behavioral interventions.
C)is ineffective the majority of the time.
D)will stunt growth.

Question 37

Self-monitoring behavior in students with ADHD

A)is not effective in elementary-aged students.
B)does not work because students cheat.
C)is effective in improving academic and behavioral problems.
D)is extremely time-consuming to teach.

Question 38

Which is not a side effect typically associated with psychostimulant medication?

A)Headaches
B)Depression
C)Hallucinations
D)Insomnia

Question 39

When working with a student with ADHD,encouragement and reassurance by the teacher can serve to:

A)motivate the student to attend to the task at hand.
B)increase the student's self-esteem.
C)open lines of communication.
D)all of these

Question 40

What educational setting is the most beneficial for students with ADHD?

A)Included in a general education classroom
B)Part of a special education classroom
C)Part of a classroom that uses collaboration between special education and general education teachers
D)It depends on the case.

Question 41

All of the following are examples of executive functions of the brain except this:

A)Working memory
B)Arousal levels
C)Inner speech
D)Motor coordination

Question 42

Psychostimulants operate by increasing the production of what naturally occurring hormone?

A)Norepinephrine
B)Pseudoephedrine
C)Dopamine
D)Estrogen

Question 43

The precise cause of ADHD is

A)heredity.
B)environment.
C)neurological.
D)unknown.

Question 44

All of the following are potential characteristics of adults who have ADHD except this:

A)Chronic fatigue
B)Feelings of restlessness
C)Relationship difficulties
D)Anger management difficulties

Question 45

In 1942,youngsters who displayed high levels of distractibility and hyperactivity were commonly referred to as exhibiting the ______syndrome.

A)Strauss
B)Werner
C)Cruickshank
D)Frostig

Question 46

ADHD has a high level of ______ with other problems such as learning disabilities and emotional disorders.

A)Comorbidity
B)Disconnect
C)Similarity
D)Discrepancy

Question 47

All of the following are developmental features that distinguish ADHD from typical patterns of behavior in young children except this:

A)Inability to learn in a traditional classroom environment
B)Chronic over time
C)Generally pervasive across situations
D)Deviant from age-based standards

Question 48

______ are common in persons with ADHD; they impact executive functions by affecting the ability to withhold a planned response,interrupt an ongoing process,and protect an ongoing process from distractions.

A)Executive functions
B)Psychostimulants
C)Behavioral inhibitions
D)Self-regulation

Question 49

"Looking at one's own behavior,given a predetermined criterion" best describes which strategy?

A)Self-observation
B)Self-assessment
C)Self-recording
D)Self-determination of reinforcement

Question 50

______ was an early term used to describe distractible and impulsive students and faded because it undermined the difficulties these students experienced.

A)Strauss syndrome
B)Minimal brain injury
C)Hyperactive child
D)Attention impaired

Question 51

Since IDEA does not recognize ADHD as one of the 13 categories of disabilities,under which category would a child who is diagnosed with ADHD most likely receive services?

A)Developmental delay
B)Intellectual disability
C)Other health impairments
D)Specific learning disabilities

Question 52

What is the most salient feature of ADHD?

A)Depression
B)Academic underachievement
C)Academic high achievement
D)High absenteeism

Question 53

Psychostimulants prove ineffective in approximately how many instances?

A)10%-15% of the time
B)5%-10% of the time
C)30%-40% of the time
D)25%-30% of the time

Question 54

During the 2013-2014 school year,more than 807,000 students were identified as Other Health Impaired.In the past decade,this category has seen an astonishing ______ increase,largely suspected to be the result of the increased number of students diagnosed with ADHD.

A)50%
B)97%
C)78%
D)200%

Question 55

According to the DSM-V,to be considered as having ADHD,an individual must have had symptoms that occurred before age ______.

A)6
B)12
C)10
D)7

Question 56

What is the estimated prevalence of ADHD in the school-age population?

A)1%-2%
B)5%-11%
C)8%-11%
D)Over 12%

Question 57

The prefrontal and frontal lobes of the brain are responsible for ______.

A)Motor behavior
B)Emotional regulation
C)Executive functions
D)Temperature regulation

Question 58

Disorganization and inattention are associated with impairments in the

A)cerebellum.
B)basal ganglia.
C)prefrontal lobe and frontal cortex.
D)none of these

Question 59

Because IDEA does not define ADHD,from what source does the text cite as the working definition of ADHD?

A)New England Journal of Medicine
B)American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
C)American Psychiatric Association
D)Johns Hopkins University

Question 60

______ is a term used to refer to an individual's ability to withhold planned responses to stimuli,interrupt an initiated response,and protect an ongoing activity from distracting stimuli.

A)Protective behaviors
B)Behavior modification
C)Behavioral consistency
D)Behavioral inhibition

Question 61

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Environmental factors that may contribute to ADHD include:

A)alcohol abuse
B)illicit drug use
C)lead poisoning
D)high pollen counts

Question 62

Self-regulation techniques have been found to be ineffective with general education students.

Question 63

Researchers have found significant improvements in children's behavior when they are taking stimulant medication.

Question 64

Approximately ______ out of 10 children with ADHD will continue to display symptoms in adolescence.

A)2
B)7
C)4
D)5

Question 65

Which of the following is not a possible characteristic of an adult with ADHD?

A)Difficulties with relationships
B)Feeling of restlessness
C)Anger management difficulties
D)Has grown out of the condition

Question 66

According to research,ADHD is more often diagnosed in males than in females.

Question 67

Approximately 70% of children with ADHD continue to display symptoms in adolescence.

Question 68

Bias was an initial concern when using behavior rating scales,but the standardization process used today eliminates the risk of bias.

Question 69

Individuals with ADHD almost always make friends easily because of their outgoing nature.

Question 70

Rating scales used to assess an individual for ADHD are standardized yet often somewhat biased.

Question 71

ADHD is widely understood.

Question 72

The federal government does not recognize attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as a discrete disability.

Question 73

Self-regulation techniques are useful in both special and general education classrooms.

Question 74

Disorganizations and inattention,frequently implicated with ADHD,are believed to be associated with impairments in the prefrontal and frontal cortex.

Question 75

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Typical strategies for assessing ADHD include

A)direct observation of the youngster
B)use of behavior rating scales
C)administering intelligence tests
D)observation instruments completed by parents,teachers,and other professionals.

Question 76

The use of psychostimulants such as Ritalin is correlated with illegal drug use in adolescence and adulthood.

Question 77

Gender studies indicate which of the following to be true:

A)Teachers recognize ADHD in girls quicker than they do in boys.
B)Girls with ADHD tend to be withdrawn and exhibit inattention.
C)Boys with ADHD are able to control their behaviors.
D)ADHD manifests itself the same in boys as it does in girls.

Question 78

There is strong evidence that heredity does not contribute to ADHD.

Question 79

A child should be referred for services due to ADHD only after medication has failed to control the problem.

Question 80

Current IDEA legislation recognizes ADHD as a separate disability category.