Deck 8: Assessing the Impact of the Experimental Manipulation

Question 1

Why is a manipulation check necessary when the predicted results were obtained?

A) It is not necessary
B) To prove that the investigator's predictions were made before the study was conducted
C) To rule out alternative explanations for the findings
D) To demonstrate that the dependent variable were the correct ones to administer

Answer 1

To rule out alternative explanations for the findings

Question 2

Which type of validity is especially aided by checking the manipulation?

A) Internal validity
B) External validity
C) Statistical conclusion validity
D) Construct validity

Answer 2

Construct validity

Question 3

If the manipulation check does not show an effect of the independent variable, this could mean:

A) The measure is not a valid indicator
B) The manipulation did not have any effect
C) Treatment integrity was probably sacrificed
D) a and b

Answer 3

a and b

Question 4

Which of the following might indicate that you have poor treatment integrity?

A) Large variations in treatments across conditions
B) Large variations in individual treatments
C) Small variations in subject selection variables
D) Small variations in the experiences of subjects within conditions

Question 5

Why is it important for investigators to do manipulation checks?

A) To ensure that the dependent variables were properly administered
B) To demonstrate that the participants enjoyed the study
C) To demonstrate the real world applications of the findings
D) To determine whether subjects were exposed to conditions as intended

Question 6

Which of the following methods of assessing the manipulation check would probably be the least reactive?

A) Having a confederate ask the participant for the purpose of the study
B) Having the experimenter ask the participant for the purpose of the study
C) Assessing the manipulation check with a self-report, multiple-choice measure
D) Assessing the manipulation check with a self-report, open-ended measure

Question 7

What is treatment integrity or fidelity?

A) The level or intensity of treatment
B) The extent to which the treatment was conducted as intended
C) The extent to which the treatment is ethical
D) The extent to which the treatment is well specified

Question 8

What is one of the purposes of pilot work?

A) To determine whether the hypothesis of the investigation is true
B) To learn how to manipulate the independent variable effectively
C) To test in a preliminary way the extent to which the findings can be generalized to other populations
D) To ensure that all participants react the same way to the manipulation

Question 9

What is the main criterion for determining whether the intervention was effectively manipulated?

A) The treatment was determined to have high integrity
B) There was no overlap between treatments
C) Statistically significant differences on the manipulation check
D) Statistically significant differences on the dependent measures

Question 10

Which of the following represents a valid method of manipulating the independent variable?

A) Selecting from a naturally occurring group
B) Providing varying degrees of a given condition to different groups
C) Allowing subjects to choose the treatment they prefer to receive
D) Allowing each experimenter to decide which of the treatments they would prefer to administer

Question 11

Why does checking the manipulation increase the validity of one's experiment?

A) It increases the number of measurements made in the study
B) It increases the confidence placed on the basis for the results
C) It increases the extent to which the findings can be generalized to other populations
D) It increases the extent to which participants can infer the purpose of the study

Question 12

What information can the manipulation check provide about the distinctness of the different treatments?

A) Whether the overlap between the treatments was at the appropriate, specified level
B) Whether participants prefer treatments that are distinct or overlapping
C) The appropriate length necessary for different treatments
D) The appropriate distinctiveness level for different treatments

Question 13

You have conducted an investigation where differences were predicted between treatments A and B, but none were found. Why is the manipulation check useful in this situation?

A) To determine whether participants could interpret the purpose of the investigation
B) To determine whether the treatments produced no differences or whether the treatments weren't adequately manipulated
C) To determine whether the statistical tests employed were the proper ones to employ
D) To determine whether the dependent variables you assessed were the appropriate dependent variables

Question 14

Which of the following threats to internal validity would apply if only subjects who showed an effect on the manipulation check were included in subsequent data analyses?

A) History
B) Testing
C) Attrition
D) Selection

Question 15

Why is treatment integrity important?

A) For interpretation of the results
B) For approval by the ethics review board
C) So that the treatment is simple for the therapist to conduct
D) So that follow-up treatments aren't necessary