Deck 15: Arterial Disorders

Question 1

A client reports pain in the calf muscle while walking and exercising but also reports that the pain is relieved by resting. Which medication does the nurse expect the health-care provider to prescribe the client?
1)Pentoxifylline
2)Aspirin
3)Infliximab
4)Cyclophosphamide

Answer 1

1

Question 2

A client has a pulsatile mass in the abdomen. Which assessment technique should be avoided until the possibility of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is ruled out?
1)Deep palpation of the abdomen
2)Auscultation of the abdomen for bruit
3)Auscultation of the abdomen for bowel motility
4)Monitor level of consciousness and blood pressure

Answer 2

1

Question 3

The nurse is providing teaching to a client diagnosed with hypertension. When the nurse presents information about smoking cessation, the client states, "I don't plan to quit unless someone convinces me of the connection between smoking and high blood pressure." Which information does the nurse present?
1)Nicotine is a potent vasodilator of coronary arteries
2)Nicotine increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction
3)Significant remnants of nicotine remain in the body for 6 to 8 hours
4)Nicotine from smoking causes central nervous system stimulation

Answer 3

2

Question 4

Which is a risk factor for hypertension?
1)Increased vitamin C in the diet
2)Increased potassium in the diet
3)Insufficient sodium in the diet
4)Insufficient vitamin D in the diet

Question 5

A client presents to the emergency room with reports of severe back pain described as a ripping sensation. Further assessment reveals a different blood pressure in the right arm than in the left arm of 20 mm Hg, generalized pallor, and tachycardia. Which possible condition causes the nurse to immediately notify the health-care provider?
1)Myocardial infarction
2)Aortic dissection
3)Vasculitis
4)Mitral valve prolapse

Question 6

Which is the most common type of vasculitis of small-sized arterioles?
1)Raynaud's disease
2)Polyarteritis nodosa
3)Temporal arteritis
4)Buerger's disease

Question 7

A nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with Kawasaki disease who is exhibiting symptoms related to the condition. Which symptom causes the nurse to be most concerned about the possibility of a myocardial infarction (MI)?
1)Diarrhea
2)Joint pain
3)Abdominal pain and vomiting
4)Persistent fever

Question 8

A nurse hears a bruit while assessing the carotid artery of a client. Which is the most probable reason behind the bruit?
1)Turbulent blood flow in the artery
2)Decreased blood flow in the artery
3)Problems in the tricuspid valve
4)Partial blockage of the aorta

Question 9

An older adult client reports severe headache, weight loss, fatigue, stiffness, and pain in the shoulders. Which additional assessment finding does the nurse apply to specifically support a diagnosis of temporal arteritis (TA)?
1)The client has a history of Chlamydia infections
2)The client's first episode was at age 42 years
3)The client has a long history of migraine headaches
4)The client is experiencing bilateral loss of vision

Question 10

The nurse is providing care to a client diagnosed with hypertension and scheduled for testing related to the diagnosis. The client states, "I don't know why I need to have kidney tests." Which client teaching does the nurse provide?
1)"The kidneys secrete hormones that cause vasoconstriction."
2)"Circulation to the kidneys regulates sodium and water levels."
3)"Stress triggers the kidneys to lower your blood pressure."
4)"The ability of the kidneys to make urine is important."

Question 11

The nurse is teaching a client who has cardiovascular disease about the dietary sources of cholesterol and the effects on the body. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
1)"I can use sesame and safflower oil for cooking."
2)"I can have salmon and sardines in my diet."
3)"I should avoid using peanut and canola oil."
4)"I can have oatmeal and flaxseeds daily."

Question 12

The nurse is providing care for a client with chronic hypertension who presents with chest pain. The client is diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy. Which manifestation of the condition accounts for the client's symptoms?
1)An extra supply of coronary artery blood flow is unavailable
2)The left ventricle of the heart enlarges because of hypertension
3)Pulmonary edema from hypertension causes enlargement of the heart
4)Enlarged muscles require extra blood flow due to energy demands

Question 13

A child who has a fever of 103°F and diarrhea is admitted to the hospital. The parents state that the child has poor oral intake and joint pain. The diagnostic test report shows that the child has an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a high platelet count. Which condition has the child probably developed?
1)Kawasaki disease
2)Cryoglobulinemia
3)Raynaud's disease
4)Wegener's granulomatosis

Question 14

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with an aneurysm. For which diagnostic procedure, prescribed to provide information about the size and location of the aneurysm, does the nurse prepare the client?
1)X-ray
2)Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) scan
3)Computerized tomography (CT) scan
4)Ultrasound of the abdomen

Question 15

The registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about the effects of glucose on the arteries. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?
1)"Increased serum glucose combines with carbon dioxide and causes atherosclerosis."
2)"Increased serum glucose causes endothelial injury, which would lead to atherosclerosis."
3)"Increased serum glucose causes the breakdown of homocysteine and leads to atherosclerosis."
4)"Increased serum glucose increases blood pressure and damages the epithelium, creating clots."

Question 16

The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a new client. The nurse notes diminished pulses, palpable coolness, and pallor in the lower extremities. The client reports numbness, tingling, and pain with ambulation. Which question by the nurse helps identify possible complications?
1)"Are you aware of changes in skin color?"
2)"Can you elevate your legs for pain relief?"
3)"Do you have pain when you rest your legs?"
4)"How would describe the temperature of your legs?"

Question 17

A registered nurse is preparing an in-service education session for nursing staff about the diagnostic tests for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Which information does the nurse correctly include?
1)An elevated, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) indicates a low risk for atherosclerosis.
2)Hypohomocysteinemia places a client at risk for developing atherosclerosis.
3)Hypothyroidism is a risk factor for atherosclerosis.
4)Twenty-four-hour urine analysis identifies contributing factors to atherosclerosis.

Question 18

The registered nurse is teaching staff nurses the relationship between cardiac output (CO), blood pressure (BP), and peripheral vascular resistances (PVR). A nurse is asked to recap the mathematical equation that relates the three factors. Which equation provided by the nurse indicates the need for further teaching?

A)"CO *PVR = BP"
B)"CO / BP = PVR"
C)"BP / PVR = CO"
D)"PVR / CO = BP"

Question 19

Which clinical manifestation is observed in a client who has an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture?
1)Increased blood pressure
2)Cool extremities
3)Hyperthermia
4)Decreased heart rate

Question 20

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student the effects of medications that are used to treat hyperlipidemia. Which statement of the student nurse indicates effective learning?
1)"Simvastatin blocks the absorption of fats from the intestine."
2)"Cholestyramine blocks the bile acid absorption in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract."
3)"Fenofibrate blocks the breakdown of fats in the tissues."
4)"Ezetimibe increases the breakdown of bile acid absorption."

Question 21

The average heartbeat of a client is 80 beats per minute. The volume of the blood ejected per contraction from the client's left ventricle is 72 mL. Which is the cardiac output of the client? Record your answer as a whole number. ____________________

Question 22

The nurse is reviewing the ankle-brachial index (ABI) of four clients who are suspected of having peripheral artery disease (PAD). Which client has developed moderate PAD?
1)The client with an ABI of 0.6
2)The client with an ABI of 1.0
3)The client with an ABI of 1.3
4)The client with an ABI of 0.95

Question 23

Which symptoms does the nurse assess for in a client who has peripheral artery disease (PAD)? Select all that apply.
1)Throbbing pulse in the lower extremities
2)Absence of pulsation in the lower extremities
3)Coolness in the lower extremities
4)Increased sensation in the feet
5)Paresthesias in the lower extremities

Question 24

The nurse is recording the blood pressure of four clients. Which client's blood pressure indicates that the client has orthostatic hypotension?
1)The client with 130/90 mm Hg while lying and 122/90 mm Hg upon standing
2)The client with 118/80 mm Hg while lying and 120/80 mm Hg upon standing
3)The client with 140/90 mm Hg while lying and 130/80 mm Hg upon standing
4)The client with 112/76 mm Hg while lying and 112/70 mm Hg upon standing

Question 25

The nurse is reviewing the prescriptions of four clients. Which client is being treated for Takayasu's arteritis?
1)The client receiving aspirin and amlodipine
2)The client receiving clopidogrel and heparin
3)The client receiving prednisone and etanercept
4)The client receiving warfarin and heparin