Deck 9: Infection and Inflammation

Question 1

The nurse is attending to a client during a follow-up visit after knee injections with a steroid for arthritis. The client asks about delayed healing of lesions on the knees from a fall. Which is the best answer?
1)"The injected corticosteroid delays the healing process."
2)"Amitriptyline, an antidepressant, delays the healing process."
3)"Naproxen, an NSAID, delays the healing process."
4)"Acetaminophen, an anti-inflammatory, delays the healing process."

Answer 1

1

Question 2

The nurse is reviewing the complete blood count of a client who presents with fever. The white blood cell count of the client is 15,000 cells/mL. Which condition has the client developed?
1)Leukocytosis
2)Leukopenia
3)Neutrophilia
4)Monocytes

Answer 2

1

Question 3

A client develops an infection after dental implant surgery. Which condition is the client likely to develop if the infection is left untreated?
1)Septicemia
2)Anthracosis
3)Tuberculosis
4)Osteomyelitis

Answer 3

1

Question 4

The nurse is performing a prescribed dressing change on an abdominal incision that is 2 days postoperative. The nurse notices the incision is dry, well approximated, and pink in color. A slight warmth is detected when the incision is touched. Which phase of wound healing does the nurse recognize?
1)Hemostasis
2)Inflammation
3)Proliferation
4)Remodeling

Question 5

A nurse is teaching a client with a decubitus ulcer about the nutrients required for wound healing. Which statement made by the client indicates effective learning?
1)"Consuming orange juice will improve wound healing."
2)"Consuming dairy products will encourage rapid wound healing."
3)"Adding zinc to the diet will help prevent wound infection."
4)"Taking vitamin K will reduce the risk of decubitus ulcers."

Question 6

Which bacterium proliferates quickly due to ischemia?
1)Clostridium perfringens
2)Treponema pallidum
3)Mycobacteria tuberculi
4)Escherichia coli

Question 7

A toddler is brought to the hospital with fever. Reports reveal the client has developed an acute infection. Which nursing intervention does the nurse implement for the client?
1)Administer a pediatric dose of aspirin.
2)Administer a salicylate-based NSAID.
3)Administer the prescribed dose of ibuprofen.
4)Administer the prescribed antibiotic therapy.

Question 8

A client was brought to the hospital with wounds sustained from a bicycling accident. Which initial clinical intervention does the nurse carry out to facilitate optimal wound healing?
1)Irrigating vigorously
2)Cleansing with dressing changes
3)Removing foreign matter
4)Monitoring for infection

Question 9

Which component of the blood does the nurse associate with surrounding and consuming foreign material?
1)White blood cells
2)Blood plasma
3)Red blood cells
4)Blood platelets

Question 10

A client reports fever and shortness of breath and is diagnosed with pneumonia. A complete blood count with differential shows a white blood count of 16,000 cells/mL with 90% neutrophils, 2% eosinophils, and 1% basophils. Which specific condition has the client developed?
1)Viral pneumonia
2)Bacterial pneumonia
3)Seasonal influenza
4)Systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 11

A client reports persistent cough. The nurse suspects the client may have developed tuberculosis (TB). Which diagnostic test does the nurse expect the primary health-care provider to prescribe to confirm this condition?
1)TB skin test
2)X-ray of the lungs
3)White blood cell (WBC) differentiation
4)Electrocardiogram

Question 12

The nurse recognizes which physiologic manifestation of acute inflammation?
1)The predominance of neutrophils
2)The predominance of monocytes
3)The predominance of lymphocytes
4)The predominance of macrophages

Question 13

While assessing the vital signs of an adult client, the nurse records a blood pressure of 130/85 mm Hg and body temperature as 103°F. The client's complete blood count value indicates the presence of an acute infection. Which is the best nursing intervention for the nurse to implement?
1)Administer aspirin to reduce fever.
2)Monitor for additional vital sign changes.
3)Place cold compresses on the neck and forehead.
4)Call the health-care provider for fever management.

Question 14

An older adult client is receiving care for a stage IV pressure injury. The client is below normal weight, has an oxygen saturation of 90%, and has a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which nursing intervention does the nurse include in the client's plan of care?
1)Research methods of improving nutrition
2)Implement a schedule for repositioning
3)Seek a prescription for oxygen therapy
4)Review blood glucose therapy effectiveness

Question 15

Which component enables the blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable during the vascular phase of inflammation?
1)White blood corpuscles
2)Blood platelets
3)Inflammatory mediators
4)C-reactive proteins

Question 16

A registered nurse is teaching a client about the effects of nutrition on wound healing. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
1)"I will need dietary supplements for healing."
2)"Fats are essential for wound healing."
3)"A protein-rich diet is followed after surgery."
4)"Vitamins are essential for wound healing."

Question 17

A client who recently underwent an abdominal surgery is scheduled for an immediate surgery due to a wound-healing complication. Which complication of healing is the client likely to have developed?
1)Dehiscence
2)Evisceration
3)Keloid
4)Adhesions

Question 18

During an inflammatory response, which components are involved in a respiratory burst from the mitochondria?
1)Eosinophils
2)Basophils
3)Free radicals
4)Lymphocytes

Question 19

An ultrasound performed on a client shows an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus. Which term does the nurse use to describe the complication?
1)Evisceration
2)Fistula
3)Stricture
4)Contracture

Question 20

While caring for an obese client who has undergone an abdominal surgery, the nurse notices the client has bouts of vomiting. For which complication of healing is the client at risk?
1)Dehiscence
2)Pressure ulcers
3)Adhesions
4)Keloids

Question 21

The registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about C-reactive proteins. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective teaching? Select all that apply.
1)"It identifies the presence of foreign material in the immune system."
2)"It stimulates other inflammatory cytokines."
3)"It prevents white blood cell (WBC) adhesion to endothelium."
4)"It stimulates gastric mucus production."
5)"It identifies the presence of tubercles."

Question 22

A nurse is caring for four clients in a hospital. Which wound takes extensive time and requires the most support to heal?
1)Appendectomy site
2)Pressure ulcers
3)First-degree burn on the arms
4)Tonsillectomy site

Question 23

Which are the inflammatory mediators that are released from white blood cells (WBCs)? Select all that apply.
1)TNF-alpha
2)Interleukins
3)Fibrinogen
4)Leukotrienes
5)Granuloma

Question 24

Which clients would benefit from hyperbaric oxygen therapy? Select all that apply.
1)A client with a skin graft
2)A client with diabetic foot ulcers
3)A client with anthracosis
4)A client with osteoarthritis
5)A client with gangrene in the toes

Question 25

Which components of the blood attract platelets to the site of the injury in the form of a chemical signal? Select all that apply.
1)Histamine
2)Interleukins
3)Microbial agents
4)Endothelial cells
5)White blood corpuscles