Deck 4: Womens Long-Term Mating Strategies

Question 1

Women indicate that their minimum acceptable percentile for a spouse on earning capacity is ___________ percent, whereas men indicate a minimum acceptable percentile of ___________ percent.

A) 40; 70
B) 70; 40
C) 51; 49
D) 49; 51

Answer 1

70; 40

Question 2

Averaged over all cultures, women prefer men who are roughly __________ years older than themselves.

A) 1.5
B) 2.5
C) 3.5
D) 5.5

Answer 2

3.5

Question 3

Wherever a female shows a mating preference, the male's _______ is/are often the key selection criterion.

A) dependability
B) commitment cues
C) resources
D) size

Answer 3

resources

Question 4

A cross-cultural study of folktales revealed that female characters did which of the following more than male characters?

A) primarily preferred mates with high wealth or status
B) primarily preferred mates who were highly attractive
C) primarily preferred mates who were creative and sensitive
D) none of the above

Question 5

Facial and body symmetry seem to reflect __________.

A) masculinity
B) psychological disorder
C) willingness to invest in offspring
D) protection from environmental and genetic stressors

Question 6

One reason women may not be as attracted to substantially older men, relative to slightly older men, is that substantially older men __________.

A) are less likely to invest in her and her offspring
B) are less likely to be able to invest long-term in her and her offspring
C) do not have as many resources
D) are more physically active

Question 7

Which of the following female mate preferences solved the adaptive problem of selecting a mate who is able to invest?

A) dependability
B) emotional stability
C) symmetry
D) social status

Question 8

The sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s ____________ men's and women's mate preferences.

A) did not change
B) changed dramatically
C) caused a reversal in
D) masked

Question 9

A man's size, strength, and physical prowess signal to prospective mates solutions to the problem of __________.

A) commitment
B) willingness to invest
C) sexual fidelity
D) protection

Question 10

Men and women should have ___________ adaptive solutions to __________ adaptive problems.

A) similar; different
B) few; different
C) similar; similar
D) different; similar

Question 11

The emotion of "love" is __________.

A) a recent invention introduced by Europeans
B) independent of one's commitment to a partner
C) found cross-culturally
D) limited to Western cultures

Question 12

Which of the following best defines an organism's biological sex?

A) the size of its zygotes
B) the size of its gametes
C) testosterone levels
D) estrogen levels

Question 13

Recent studies which examined mate preferences in the context of "speed dating" showed that women tended to choose men who __________.

A) described athletic success during high school or college
B) indicated that they grew up in an affluent neighborhood
C) asked women a lot of questions about themselves
D) smiled more and maintained eye contact

Question 14

_________ men are seen as more desirable mates than __________ men.

A) Tall; short
B) Emotionally unstable; emotionally stable
C) Asymmetrical; symmetrical
D) Sensible; ambitious

Question 15

Women worldwide value health in mates ___________ men.

A) as much as
B) much more than
C) much less than
D) with greater variation than

Question 16

Women, on average, prefer as mates men as who are ____________ than they are.

A) younger
B) thinner
C) older
D) more asymmetrical

Question 17

Males have ___________ gametes and usually make the __________ parental investment.

A) larger; larger
B) larger; smaller
C) smaller; larger
D) few; smaller

Question 18

Parental investment theory was first articulated by _____________ in 1972.

A) William Hamilton
B) Robert Trivers
C) George Williams
D) Tooby and DeVore

Question 19

Parental investment theory posits that the sex with the greater obligatory parental investment will be more ___________ when choosing a mate.

A) selective
B) indiscriminate
C) indifferent
D) casual

Question 20

Based on comparative and phylogenetic analyses of different species, adult attachment, or "love," was consistently linked with which other species-typical behavior?

A) paternal care
B) maternal care
C) polygyny
D) marriage

Question 21

Women display a preference for masculine faces during the ____________ phase of their menstrual cycle.

A) luteal
B) menopausal
C) menstrual
D) follicular

Question 22

Which of the following characteristics are rated by women as more desirable in a long-term mate than in a short-term mate?

A) kindness
B) religiousness
C) youthfulness
D) patience

Question 23

Women's attractiveness is ____________ correlated with their preference for masculine faces and symmetrical faces.

A) negatively
B) positively
C) not
D) not significantly

Question 24

Li and colleagues' Necessities and Luxuries study indicated that __________.

A) women's preference for physical attractiveness in a mate represents a necessity
B) sex differences in mate preferences are only found when rating traits, not when ranking them
C) women's preference for social status in a mate represents a necessity
D) sex differences in mate preferences emerge only in luxuries, not necessities

Question 25

In traditional societies, parents generally choose their daughters' mates. Parents are more likely to seek which of the following traits in a potential son-in-law than in a potential daughter-in-law?

A) physical health
B) physical attractiveness
C) intelligence
D) resources

Question 26

Women display an ability to determine a man's interest in infants simply by looking at his face. How does a man's estimated interest in infants influence the woman's interest in him as a romantic partner?

A) Women preferred the men with higher interest in infants for short-term partners but not long-term partners.
B) Women preferred the men with higher interest in infants for long-term partners but not short-term partners.
C) Women preferred the men with higher interest in infants for both long-term and short-term partners.
D) Women did not show a preference for men with higher interest in infants for either long-term or short-term partners.

Question 27

Several studies have examined the effect of priming men with photos of beautiful women. These studies have shown that men primed with photos of attractive women display more ____________ than men primed with photos of older, less attractive women.

A) nonconformity
B) discounting of the future
C) desire for a larger income
D) all of the above

Question 28

When men derogate their rivals in front of women, which of the following attributes would they most likely ridicule?

A) the rival's past romantic partners
B) the rival's poor fashion taste
C) the rival's physique
D) the rival's business failures

Question 29

Shifts in preferences for masculine faces and scents from men might reflect __________.

A) noise created by adaptations designed to maintain a clean body
B) adaptations to avoid becoming fertilized by a long-term partner
C) adaptations to become fertilized by the healthiest men
D) byproducts of modern hygiene habits

Question 30

A man's stated income and education is ____________ correlated with the number of responses he receives from singles ads.

A) negatively
B) positively
C) not
D) not significantly

Question 31

In long-term mating, women prefer mates who _________ humor while men prefer mates who ________ humor.

A) produce; appreciate
B) appreciate; replicate
C) replicate; identify
D) identify; produce

Question 32

Not only have women evolved preferences for what they do want in a mate-they also possess evolved mechanisms for avoiding what they don't want. One example of what women avoid in a long-term mate would be __________.

A) signals of facial masculinity
B) interest in infants
C) cues to genetic relatedness
D) a deep voice

Question 33

Which of the following is not a context to which women's mate preferences are sensitive?

A) preferred mating strategy
B) a woman's place in her menstrual cycle
C) geographic location
D) her mate value

Question 34

Women prefer as long-term mates men who __________.

A) have high social status but are indifferent about investing in children
B) are interested more in children than in them
C) are capable of but unwilling to invest in children
D) are capable of and willing to invest in children

Question 35

Multiple studies have now demonstrated that women who have high access to their own resources tend to place more emphasis on _________________ than women with low access to resources do.

A) a mate's financial prospects
B) a mate's physical attractiveness
C) a mate's interest in infants
D) a mate's kindness

Question 36

The structural powerlessness hypothesis is contradicted by which of the following statements?

A) In cultures where women hold greater power than men, women have preferences for men with resources.
B) In cultures where women hold greater power than men, women do not have preferences for men with resources.
C) In cultures where men hold greater power than women, men still have preferences for women with greater physical attractiveness.
D) In cultures where men hold greater power than women, men do not have preferences for women with greater physical attractiveness.

Question 37

Women view love as a(n) ____________ ingredient in the decision to marry.

A) unnecessary
B) indispensable
C) slightly desirable
D) temporary

Question 38

Women's olfactory acuity peaks __________.

A) at or before ovulation
B) just after ovulation
C) during the luteal phase
D) during the post-ovulatory phase

Question 39

Women and men display homogamy when it comes to choosing long-term mates. Homogamy refers to which of the following?

A) preference for a mate who is different from oneself
B) actually mating with someone who is different from oneself
C) preferences for a mate who is similar to oneself
D) actually mating with someone who is similar to oneself

Question 40

fMRI studies have examined the brains of people who are intensely in love while thinking about the object of their affection. These studies have discovered which of the following?

A) The prefrontal cortex, associated with decision making, shows intense activation while thinking about the lover.
B) sex differences in the amount of overall brain activity while imagining the lover
C) The reward centers of the brain show increased activation while thinking about the lover.
D) Brainstem activity decreases when subjects are visualizing the lover.

Question 41

Studies conducted using personal ads have documented that __________.

A) short men were rated as more attractive by women who read the ad but were less likely to be contacted than tall men
B) tall men were rated as more attractive by women who read the ad but were less likely to be contacted than short men
C) men's height was a significant predictor of the number of women who would respond to the personal ad
D) men's tallness was significantly preferred by women in person but not in printed ads

Question 42

The fact that men tend to exaggerate their height and financial status in personal ads indicates that __________.

A) men's height and status are negatively correlated with psychopathy
B) men are aware of women's preferences and attempt to embody them
C) women are not consciously aware of their preferences for these traits
D) women's preference for these traits is likely learned rather than evolved

Question 43

In which of the following scenarios would the same man be perceived as most attractive?

A) next to a man who is laughing at something he said
B) standing with multiple women who are talking amongst themselves
C) talking with a smiling, attractive woman
D) He would be considered equally attractive in all of the above scenarios.

Question 44

The more money and resources a man has, __________.

A) the less likely he is to have children
B) the less likely he is to be healthy
C) the more likely he is to marry, particularly in polygynous cultures
D) the more likely he is to remain single, particularly in polygynous cultures

Question 45

Which of the following cues appears to be the key factor in our incest-avoidance mechanisms?

A) co-residence during childhood
B) emotional closeness
C) knowledge of genetic relatedness
D) number of siblings

Question 46

How does a woman's attractiveness affect her mate preferences?

A) Attractive women want less attractive partners than unattractive women do.
B) Attractive women want more attractive partners than unattractive women do.
C) A woman's attractiveness is not correlated with her mate preferences; all women prefer financial status and attractiveness in a mate.
D) Attractive women prefer higher levels of luxury traits (e.g., creativity) than unattractive women do, but equal levels of necessity traits (e.g., resources).

Question 47

What is a proposed function of women's mate-copying adaptations?

A) Women are motivated to engage in intrasexual competition and mate copying functions to provide a context to increase competition between women.
B) Mate copying functions to prevent women from becoming attracted to homosexual men.
C) Women provide information to other women about a man's quality as a mate to improve the reproductive success of the species.
D) Women can vicariously obtain information about a man's relative value as a mate.

Question 48

In small-scale tribes, which of the following is the best predictor of a man's attractiveness?

A) hunting skills
B) parenting skills
C) gathering skills
D) negotiation skills

Question 49

A recent study by Lukaszewski and Roney (2010) examined women's preferences for kindness in a mate and found that women preferred men who were __________.

A) kinder to women than men
B) kind to them, but not kind to other women
C) consistently kind to everyone in their in-group
D) kinder to men than to women