Deck 9: Emotions in Social Relationships

Question 1

Romantic love is founded jointly on the social motivations of attachment and affiliation. With attachment comes:

A) trustfulness and protection.
B) the ability for cooperation in joint projects.
C) fidelity.
D) mutual care.

Answer 1

trustfulness and protection.

Question 2

All but which one of the following is true about the role of anger within social relationships?

A) Expressing anger within a group is costly because it tends to lead one to lose rather than gain social power.
B) On a daily basis, episodes of anger usually occur between people who like each other rather than between people who dislike each other.
C) The usual function of anger is to readjust something in the relationship.
D) Ritualized displays of anger enable group members to establish who has power and who doesn't in a less costly fashion than direct aggressive encounters.

Answer 2

Expressing anger within a group is costly because it tends to lead one to lose rather than gain social power.

Question 3

A Duchenne smile is a:

A) genuine smile, closely tied to the experience of emotion.
B) fake smile in which the zygomatic major muscle is active but the orbicularis oculi muscles are not.
C) facial action seen in the animal kingdom that is a precursor to human smiling.
D) form of non-social smiling demonstrated by newborns and people when they are sleeping.

Answer 3

genuine smile, closely tied to the experience of emotion.

Question 4

"The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse" are toxic emotional behaviours that are:

A) highly damaging in marriage and the most likely to predict divorce.
B) most often responsible for insecure attachments between parents and their children.
C) a threat to group productivity and commonly observed in multicultural workplaces.
D) characteristic of the extroverted personality type.

Question 5

In a study by Keltner and colleagues (1998), fraternity members teased each other in foursomes comprised of two low- and two high-power members. When teased:

A) high- and low-power members tended to smile.
B) high-power members expressed anger and contempt, especially when teased by a low-power member.
C) low-power members tended to express fear and pain.
D) all of the above.

Question 6

Romantic love is founded jointly on the social motivations of attachment and affiliation. With affiliation comes:

A) trustfulness and protection.
B) the ability for cooperation in joint projects.
C) fidelity.
D) mutual care.

Question 7

Stonewalling is demonstrated when one:

A) resists dealing with problems in a relationship.
B) focuses on the faults as opposed to the good qualities of another person.
C) denies that an obviously valid statement or argument is true.
D) behaves repetitively rather than attempting some new course of actions.

Question 8

McCullough and Emmons (2001) contend that gratitude is the glue of cooperative social living among non-kin because gratitude:

A) helps people keep track of which friends are generous and which friends are not generous.
B) encourages prosocial behavior.
C) acts as a reward and reinforces cooperation.
D) all of the above.

Question 9

Leonard Berkowitz (1993) has devoted a career to studying the proximal determinants of violence. His conclusion is that ____________ is the spark of violence.

A) humiliation
B) inequality
C) anger
D) fear

Question 10

Which one of the following is true about emotional intelligence?

A) Emotional intelligence is fixed and doesn't vary across the lifetime.
B) Emotional intelligence relies mostly on understanding the emotions of others and less so on understanding one's own emotions.
C) Using one's emotions to make decisions is a key skill underlying emotional intelligence.
D) Emotion regulation is not a foundation of emotional intelligence.

Question 11

Infrahumanization is the tendency for in-group members to:

A) ignore the unique qualities and individuality of out-group members.
B) attribute animal-like qualities to out-group members.
C) subject out-group members to a different set of moral values and rules.
D) demonstrate greater generosity towards in-group members than out-group members.

Question 12

DeSteno and colleagues (2006, 2010) had participants engage in studies in which, out of the blue, they were helped by a confederate (to fix a computer problem). Being the recipient of generosity led participants to feel _________________ and demonstrate generosity towards__________________.

A) embarrassment; their benefactor (the confederate) but not to a stranger.
B) embarrassment; their benefactor (the confederate) and to a stranger.
C) gratitude; their benefactor (the confederate) but not to a stranger.
D) gratitude; their benefactor (the confederate) and to a stranger.

Question 13

Emotional intelligence benefits which of the following types of relationships?

A) intimate bonds.
B) friendships.
C) hierarchical relations.
D) all of the above.

Question 14

Research has revealed that several factors help romantic partners stay committed and close. These include all but which one of the following?

A) Intimate relationships fare well when partners cultivate humor, amusement, and play.
B) The key to commitment in an intimate relationship is sharing what is good in life and responding to the other person's successes with engaged enthusiasm.
C) Commitment is promoted when the partners in a relationship maintain somewhat independent lives.
D) At the core of committed relationships is compassion - a positive regard for one's partner and appreciation of their foibles and weaknesses.

Question 15

Which one of the following is not one of "the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse"?

A) criticism
B) defensiveness
C) anger
D) contempt

Question 16

Possessing high-power predicts that an individual will ________, relative to an individual with low-power.

A) enjoy greater access to resources
B) experience greater positive emotion in pleasant situations
C) be less accurate when asked to judge the type of emotion expressed by another person
D) all of the above.

Question 17

In a study by Fehr and Russell (1991) it was determined that the following emotion terms are routinely included in the category of love:

A) caring, affection, desire, infatuation, and lust.
B) caring, affection, desire, and infatuation.
C) caring, affection, and desire.
D) caring and affection.

Question 18

Muzafer Sherif and his colleagues created high levels of conflict between two groups of boys at a summer camp. The investigators improved inter-group relations by:

A) engaging boys from both groups in joint projects.
B) punishing boys from both groups.
C) dissolving the social hierarchies within both groups by removing their leaders.
D) introducing girls into both groups.

Question 19

People with high social support show lower baseline levels of ______________, which suggests that having many good friends __________________________, which is activated in fight and flight.

A) cortisol; stimulates the sympathetic branch of the nervous system.
B) adrenaline; stimulates the sympathetic branch of the nervous system.
C) cortisol; calms the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA).
D) adrenaline; calms the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA).