Deck 4: Individual Differences: Intelligence, Cognitive and Learning Styles, Creativity, and Wisdom

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of Thurstone's seven primary abilities?

A) verbal comprehension
B) inductive reasoning
C) spatial visualization
D) interpersonal intelligence

Answer 1

interpersonal intelligence

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?

A) creative intelligence
B) linguistic intelligence
C) spatial intelligence
D) intrapersonal intelligence

Answer 2

creative intelligence

Question 3

The intelligence test created by Binet and Simon produces a numerical score. What is this numerical score called?

A) intelligence quotient
B) intelligence quantity
C) intellect quality
D) intellect quotient

Answer 3

intelligence quotient

Question 4

Which of the following was NOT one of Binet's three suggested main elements of intelligence?

A) practicality
B) direction
C) adaptation
D) criticism

Question 5

The representation of the accumulation of knowledge which is measured by tests of vocabulary and general information.

A) primary mental ability of number
B) crystallized intelligence
C) group factors
D) fluid intelligence

Question 6

The ability to understand abstract and often novel concepts which requires us to think flexibly and to seek out new patterns.

A) primary mental ability of number
B) crystallized intelligence
C) group factors
D) fluid intelligence

Question 7

Although she can't read novels or solve algebraic equations, Mary Ellen can play the violin beautifully. According to Gardner's theory, what might you conclude about Mary Ellen's intelligence?

A) She is lacking in g-factor, but has succeeded in s- factor.
B) She would score low on all seven primary mental
Abilities.
C) She would score well on musical intelligence.
D) She would score poorly on analytical and practical ability, but score well on creative ability.

Question 8

The IQ compares what two variables?

A) test performance of individual with standard performance
B) early test performance with later test performance
C) test performance of group with standard performance
D) intelligence with ethnicity

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the three related aspects of intelligence in the triarchic theory of successful intelligence?

A) analytical ability
B) kinesthetic ability
C) creative ability
D) practical ability

Question 10

Ms. Williamson believes that there are really only two kinds of underlying mental dimensions in her students. She believes there is a single intelligence ability thought to apply to many different tasks her students must undertake, but she also realizes that there are some very specific talents that some students have. Ms. Williamson's idea about intelligence most closely resembles the ideas of which researcher?

A) Sternberg
B) Spearman
C) Thurstone
D) Cattell

Question 11

Robert has just completed a quiz. He takes the time to reflect on his understanding of the various items on the quiz, and how he could better study next time. Robert is engaging in

A) intelligence.
B) metacognition.
C) daydreaming.
D) wasting precious time.

Question 12

Upon what are psychometric theories of intelligence based?

A) verbal skills based on conventional intelligence tests
B) math skills based on conventional intelligence tests
C) statistical analyses of conventional intelligence tests
D) qualitative analyses of conventional intelligence tests

Question 13

Cameron just completed a test where he was asked to complete analogies (apple: eat :: juice: _____) and series completion (2, 4, 8,16, _____). Which of Thurstone's primary mental abilities did this demonstrate?

A) memory
B) inductive reasoning
C) number
D) perceptual speed

Question 14

Which of the following individual differences is NOT discussed in this chapter of the text?

A) intelligence
B) ethnicity
C) creativity
D) cognitive styles

Question 15

The componential subtheory of the triarchic theory of human intelligence does NOT include which of the following concepts?

A) metacomponents
B) performance components
C) knowledge-acquisition components
D) interpersonal knowledge components

Question 16

According to Charles Spearman, this is the overall single intelligence ability thought to apply to many different tasks, thus influencing performance on all mental tests.

A) specific factor
B) primary mental ability
C) general factor
D) fluid intelligence

Question 17

According to expert reports, which of the following is NOT listed as a theme of intelligence?

A) the ability to learn from experience
B) the ability to adapt to one's surroundings
C) understanding and controlling one's own thinking processes
D) understanding basic literature and mathematics

Question 18

Who created the first intelligence test?

A) Erikson
B) Freud
C) Binet
D) Wechsler

Question 19

Mr. Jameson believes that Spearman's theory of intelligence should be combined with Thurstone's theory of primary mental abilities. Mr. Jameson agrees with which of the following theories of intelligence?

A) hierarchical theories
B) theory of multiple intelligences
C) triarchic theory of intelligence
D) contemporary systems theories

Question 20

Jim is a star football player in high school. Howard Gardner would say Jim has achieved what kind of intelligence?

A) linguistic
B) bodily-kinesthetic
C) sports
D) intrapersonal

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT one of the methods used to estimate the heritability of intelligence?

A) the study of identical twins separated at or shortly after birth
B) comparing attributes of adopted children with the attributes of both their biological parents and their
Adoptive parents.
C) comparing fraternal twins with other siblings raised in a blended family environment
D) comparing identical twins with fraternal twins who are raised in what are assumed to be strictly comparable
Environments

Question 22

Which of the following implications for teaching is representative of Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligences?

A) Accommodate multiple abilities
B) Help students find and use their strengths
C) Take a broad view of what constitutes intelligence
D) Focus on the practical as well as the academic aspects of intelligence

Question 23

Which of the following enrichment programs includes the three subtheories of Sternberg's triarchic theory?

A) Instrumental Enrichment.
B) Head Start
C) Intelligence Applied
D) Instrumental Enrichment

Question 24

The extent to which individual differences in an attribute, or a specific characteristic of a person, are genetically determined, strictly speaking, independently of any environmental influences.

A) modifiability
B) heritability
C) interaction
D) transmutability

Question 25

Martha and Bill attend the same middle school, and share most of the same classes. However, when it comes to math class, Martha attends a high-level class while Bill attends a mid-level class. Martha and Bill attend a middle school that uses which kind of ability grouping?

A) within-class grouping
B) between-class grouping
C) Joplin Plan
D) regrouping

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT one of the main types of ability groups mentioned in the text?

A) within-class grouping
B) between-class grouping
C) tractoring
D) regrouping

Question 27

Which of the following was NOT found by Bradley and Caldwell (1984) to be a predictor of intelligence scores?

A) caregiver's involvement with the child
B) scores on mathematics assessments
C) variety in daily stimulation
D) avoidance of restriction and punishment

Question 28

The process by which a task becomes increasingly familiar, requiring less effort in information processing and less explicit consciousness of the way it is performed.

A) automatization
B) experientiation
C) contextualization
D) componentiation

Question 29

Mr. Samson wants to know just how intelligent his young daughter, Samantha, will be. Dr. Brown tells him that even though Samantha's upper and lower limits of intelligence have been determined genetically, Mr. Samson can provide her with experiences that will shape her level of intelligence. Dr. Brown is describing which of the following?

A) heritability range
B) modifiable range
C) reaction range
D) intelligence range

Question 30

Jennie and Mack are in the same third-grade class. During reading, Jennie and Mack stay in the same classroom, but go to different groups for their lessons. Jennie and Mack attend an elementary school that uses which kind of ability grouping?

A) within-class grouping
B) between-class grouping
C) tracking
D) regrouping

Question 31

The extent to which an attribute is susceptible to change.

A) heritability
B) modifiability
C) interaction
D) mutability

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic processes of the contextual subtheory of the triarchic theory of intelligence?

A) adaptation to the environment
B) shaping of the environment
C) accommodation of the environment
D) selecting of another environment

Question 33

Which of the following is the main critique of Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences?

A) the broad nature of the theory
B) no published empirical tests of the theory
C) no intercorrelations of the different abilities
D) it has not advanced educators' thinking about intelligence

Question 34

Leo received an assignment for a huge term project. He is already beginning to plan what he is going to do with the project. Based on previous experience, Leo will also monitor his work as it is ongoing, and then evaluate it once it has been completed. These "higher order executive processes" are included in which of Sternberg's subtheories?

A) experiential
B) contextual
C) componential
D) adaptational

Question 35

The idea that genetic and environmental influences can combine to produce results that might be unexpected on the basis of either factor alone.

A) gene-environment interaction
B) modifiability
C) mutability
D) heritability

Question 36

Which of the following implications for teaching is representative of Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences?

A) Accommodate multiple abilities
B) Help students find and use their strengths
C) Take a broad view of what constitutes intelligence
D) Focus on the practical as well as the academic aspects of intelligence

Question 37

According to the experiential subtheory of the triarchic theoryof intelligence, a task best measures intelligence when the task is

A) automatized.
B) totally outside the scope of a person's experience.
C) an addition or subtraction task.
D) relatively novel.

Question 38

Heritability studies result in heritability coefficients of approximately 0.6 to 0.8. What do these numbers indicate?

A) Genetic influences determine intelligence.
B) Environmental influences determine intelligence.
C) There is not enough data to determine if either genetics or environmental influences determine intelligence.
D) Genetic influences affect individual differences in intelligence, but these influences are not the only
Determining factor.

Question 39

Which of the following enrichment programs combines the theory of multiple intelligences with aspects of the triarchic theory of intelligence?

A) Head Start
B) Practical Intelligence for School
C) Instrumental Enrichment
D) Odyssey

Question 40

Based on Sternberg's triarchic theory, the processes used for learning how to solve problems in the first place are included in which component of the componential subtheory?

A) metacomponents
B) performance components
C) knowledge-acquisition components
D) problem-solving components

Question 41

Cognitive style is also sometimes called which of the following?

A) learning style
B) reasoning style
C) thinking style
D) intelligence style

Question 42

Learning styles are also called which of the following?

A) learning preferences
B) reasoning preferences
C) thinking preferences
D) intelligence preferences

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT one of the models of creativity described in your text?

A) the mystical approach
B) the psychometric approach
C) the convergent approach
D) a confluence approach

Question 44

Bob always focuses on memorizing his daily lessons rather than trying to analyze the information for further understanding. Which learning style best reflects Jason's approach?

A) surface-processing
B) deep-processing
C) interdependent
D) independent

Question 45

Doing something in order to achieve rewards such as praise, good grades, or a paycheck.

A) intrinsic motivation
B) reflective thinking
C) extrinsic motivation
D) impulsivity

Question 46

Danny enjoys working in a noisy classroom, with a lot of talk and group action, while Jeannette prefers a quiet classroom where she can work independently. The differences described here can be attributed to:

A) learning style
B) cognitive style
C) thinking style
D) intelligence style

Question 47

The combination of personality with intelligence has been called ________________.

A) learning style
B) cognitive style
C) reasoning style
D) intelligence style

Question 48

The cognitive organization of knowledge.

A) field
B) domain
C) creativity
D) reaction range

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT one of the text's descriptors (from a confluence approach) of a creative person? Creative people…

A) do not accept traditional ways of seeing problems.
B) know something about the field to which they wish to contribute.
C) are extrinsically motivated.
D) like being creative.

Question 50

The process of finding a single correct answer.

A) divergent thinking
B) creativity
C) reflective thinking
D) convergent thinking

Question 51

Which of the following different types of ability grouping are considered more successful?

A) within-class and regrouping
B) between-class and within-class
C) regrouping and Joplin Plans
D) tracking and between-class grouping

Question 52

Tracking is part of which type of ability grouping?

A) within-class grouping
B) between-class grouping
C) Joplin Plan
D) regrouping

Question 53

Which cognitive style is associated with being more attuned to the social aspects of school situations?

A) field-independent
B) field-dependent
C) reflective
D) impulsive

Question 54

This oldest approach to creativity views it as the result either of divine intervention or of other unexplainable forces.

A) psychometric
B) confluence
C) mystical
D) psychic

Question 55

Josie is a high school student who is very attuned to the social aspects of school situations. She prefers working in groups, and her favorite subjects are literature and history. She needs help from her teacher in seeing the key elements of a problem and in setting priorities for any unstructured task. Josie's cognitive style most resembles which of the following?

A) reflective
B) impulsive
C) field-independent
D) field-dependent

Question 56

Dr. Bartow is studying creativity. He focuses on environmental variables that influence creative thinking, and emphasizes the relevance of intrinsic motivation. Dr. Bartow takes which of the following approaches to creativity?

A) social-psychological
B) confluence
C) psychometric
D) mystic

Question 57

Jason is always seeking the underlying meaning of anything his teacher, Mr. Smith, is talking about. Which learning style best reflects Jason's approach?

A) surface-processing
B) deep-processing
C) interdependent
D) independent

Question 58

Jack tends to make a lot of errors in reading and memory tasks. He is always the first one to answer questions, never giving careful thought to his answers. Jack's cognitive style most resembles which of the following?

A) impulsive
B) reflective
C) field-independent
D) field-dependent

Question 59

The ability to produce work that is novel, high in quality, and appropriate.

A) intelligence
B) field-independence
C) creativity
D) learning potential

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT one of the text's descriptors (from a confluence approach) of a creative person? Creative people…

A) try to see problems in new ways.
B) are willing to take sensible risks.
C) are intrinsically motivated.
D) dislike being creative.

Question 61

Theodore Simon helped to create the first IQ test.

Question 62

The combination of personality with intelligence has been called learning style.

Question 63

According to the triarchic theory, there are three related aspects of intelligence-analytical ability, linguistic ability, and practical ability.

Question 64

Crystallized intelligence is the ability to understand abstract and often novel concepts.

Question 65

Systems theories of intelligence are based on statistical analyses of conventional tests of intelligence.

Question 66

The combination of personality with intelligence has been called cognitive style.

Question 67

Heritability refers to the extent to which an attribute (such as intelligence) is susceptible to change.

Question 68

A regrouping plan in which students of various ages are assigned to the same ability-based group is known as the Joplin Plan.

Question 69

Linguistic intelligence is one of the eight separate intelligences as proposed by Howard Gardner.

Question 70

The psychometric approach to creativity emphasizes the relevance of intrinsic motivation for creative thinking.

Question 71

With between-class grouping, students are assigned to a general, mixed-ability class for most of the day, but switch to ability-based groups for certain subjects.

Question 72

Automatization is the process by which a task becomes increasingly familiar, requiring less effort in information processing and less explicit consciousness of the way it is performed.

Question 73

Perceptual speed is one of the seven primary mental abilities described in Thurstone's theory.

Question 74

Convergent thinking is the ability to generate many different ideas in response to a problem.

Question 75

A reflective person tends to produce answers without carefully thinking about them first.

Question 76

In 1904 the French minister of public instruction formed a commission to develop ways of determining which children should be placed in special classes because they were unable to learn at the average pace or level in classes offered in ordinary schools. From this, Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon created the first intelligence test.

Question 77

Native American, African American, and rural students may come from families that favor spoken over written learning.

Question 78

A field-independent person would be better able to read text upside down than a field-dependent person.

Question 79

A field-independent person would be more likely to need help seeing the key elements of a problem or set their priorities for an unstructured task.