Deck 9: Disorders of Articulation and Phonology

Question 1

Name the places of articulation.

Answer 1

Bilabial, labiodental, interdental, linguadental, alveolar, palatal, velar, glottal

Question 2

A/an ends in a vowel, whereas a/an ends in a consonant.

Answer 2

open syllable; closed syllable

Question 3

Name the four types of articulation errors.

Answer 3

Substitutions, omissions, distortions, additions

Question 4

Young children use _ to simplify a difficult word.

A) Phonological processes
B) Echolalia
C) Sound-meaning relationships
D) Articulatory errors

Question 5

is when two vowels are said in close proximity.

A) A liquid
B) An approximate
C) A glide
D) A diphthong

Question 6

are disorders of conceptualization of language rules.

A) Phonological disorders
B) Resonance disorders
C) Articulation disorders
D) Voice disorders

Question 7

Consonant phonemes are classified according to

A) Voicing
B) Place
C) Manner
D) All of the above

Question 8

Children who experience phonological difficulties

A) Discontinue the use of phonological processes earlier than their peers
B) Express more interest in literacy activities
C) Continue the use of phonological processes
D) Are always unintelligible

Question 9

are changes in pronunciation as a result of morphological changes. These take several years to master, extending into adulthood.

A) Morphophonemic contrasts
B) Morphological features
C) Morphological changes
D) Morpheme units

Question 10

are a family of related sounds.

A) Allophones
B) Phonological classes
C) Morphemes
D) Distinctive features

Question 11

By age _, children have acquired consonant blends.

A) 8
B) 6
C) 5
D) 7

Question 12

Seventy-five percent of children outgrow their speech sound errors by age

A) 5
B) 10
C) 6
D) 8

Question 13

Most of the phonological processes that toddlers use disappear by age

A) 4
B) 3
C) 7
D) 6

Question 14

Speech-sound disorders can have a negative impact on

A) Academics
B) Personal relationships
C) Professional relationships
D) All of the above

Question 15

At 6-7 months, babbling changes into

A) Variegated babbling
B) Single words
C) Reduplicated babbling
D) None of the above

Question 16

Name the manners of articulation.

Question 17

By age _, most children will have normalized their errors, making changes in speech sound production more difficult.

A) 11
B) 7
C) 9
D) 6

Question 18

By , infants are able to imitate tone and pitch and begin babbling.

A) 2 months
B) 6-7 months
C) 3 months
D) 5 months

Question 19

Toddlers may demonstrate the following error(s):

A) Reduction of multisyllabic words
B) Omission of final consonants
C) Sound substitutions
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 20

What determines which vowel is actually produced?

Question 21

is not appropriate for children who have severe speech delays and require more direct, structured speech practice.

A) Cycles approach
B) Language-based approaches
C) Sensory-motor approach
D) Traditional motor approach

Question 22

What is the overall goal of elective therapy for accent modification?

Question 23

Factors in target selection for articulation and phonology include

A) Phoneme frequency
B) Likelihood of success
C) A & B
D) None of the above

Question 24

What are the speech characteristics of childhood apraxia of speech?

Question 25

starts with the most stimulable phonological processes and progresses through multiple times until all phonological processes have been addressed.

A) Metaphon approach
B) Complexity approach
C) Cycles approach
D) Multiple oppositions approach

Question 26

In general, the more severe the hearing loss,

A) The less omission errors occur
B) The more substitution errors occur
C) The less intelligible speech will be
D) All of the above

Question 27

Lack of consistency is a/an prognostic factor.

A) Negative
B) Unimportant
C) Positive
D) Neutral

Question 28

refers to the ability to perceive differences in another person's speech, whereas refers to the ability to judge one's own ongoing speech.

Question 29

Discuss the theory behind the complexity approach.

Question 30

A general impairment in expressive language is present in about of children who are difficult to understand and who have multiple speech-sound errors.

A) 50%
B) 40%
C) 25%
D) None of the above

Question 31

About 75-85% of children with have impaired speech production skills.

A) Cleft lip
B) Deafness
C) Cerebral palsy
D) Childhood apraxia of speech

Question 32

Speech over time for those who lose their hearing after learning to talk.

A) Maintains
B) Improves
C) Deteriorates
D) All of the above; it depends on the individual.

Question 33

The most readily apparent difficulties are _ for those who persist with motor programming difficulties.

A) In monosyllabic words
B) In consonant blends
C) Substitution errors
D) None of the above

Question 34

is a neurological speech sound disorder that affects the ability to plan and/or program the movement sequences necessary for accurate speech production.

A) Childhood apraxia of speech
B) Aphasia
C) Cerebral palsy
D) Language impairment

Question 35

Which of the following are good prognostic indicators for verbal communication in CAS?

A) Normal or near-normal cognition
B) Good receptive language
C) A & B
D) None of the above

Question 36

is an intensive treatment originally designed to increase loudness in patients with Parkinson disease and is now used with various neurologically-based motor speech disorders.

A) Temporal Cueing
B) Minimal pair contrasts
C) Lee Silverman Voice Treatment
D) Dynamic Cueing

Question 37

In assessment of phonology and articulation, is appropriate for young children and for those whose speech is markedly unintelligible.

A) A speech sound inventory
B) A sound error inventory
C) A phonological process analysis
D) None of the above

Question 38

The following approaches are language-based approaches:

A) Sensory-motor approach
B) Traditional motor approach
C) A & B
D) None of the above

Question 39

refers to how easy it is to understand the individual.

Question 40

is the ability to produce the target phoneme when given focused auditory and visual cues.

A) Stimulability
B) Consistency
C) Echolalia
D) Focused stimulation