Deck 4: Childhood Language Impairments

Question 1

How long can preschool-aged children maintain a conversation?

A) 5-6 turns
B) 7-8 turns
C) 1-2 turns
D) 3-4 turns

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In preschool-aged children,

A) Comprehension of words is equal to expression
B) Comprehension of words is more advanced than expression
C) Expressive vocabularies are larger than receptive vocabularies
D) None of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Speech perception at 6 months is related to later

A) Writing abilities
B) Speaking fluency
C) Word/phrase understanding and production
D) Reading abilities

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Each child has a personal dictionary, or , that reflects his/her environment.

A) Lexicon
B) Semantic corpus
C) A & B
D) None of the above

Question 5

In what order do wh- words develop?

Question 6

By , children produce about 50 words and begin to combine words predictably.

A) 36 months
B) 12 months
C) 24 months
D) 18 months

Question 7

is inferring meaning from context and using the word in a similar manner.

A) Reformulation
B) Fast mapping
C) Metalinguistics
D) Figurative language

Question 8

Consistent vocal patterns are called

A) Phonetically consistent forms
B) Protowords
C) A & B
D) None of the above

Question 9

Language becomes more complex as it becomes longer, and can be calculated in

A) Syntactical complexity units
B) Mean length of utterance
C) Morphological counts
D) None of the above

Question 10

At about 8 to 9 months, infants develop _ _ in interactions.

A) Stimulus-response sequence
B) Intentionality
C) Object permanence
D) Reciprocity

Question 11

What is reformulation?

A) Children repeat phrases using the same word in each sentence.
B) Children are taught to self-correct their errors.
C) Caregivers repeat the child's utterances in mature form.
D) None of the above

Question 12

Preschool-aged children can recount the past and remember short stories because of

A) Increased comprehension
B) Improved pragmatics
C) Improved caregiver models
D) Increased memory

Question 13

If a preschool-aged child says "doggies are yucky," "kitties are yucky," etc., they are using

A) Repetition
B) Reformulation
C) Lexical retrieval
D) Substitution

Question 14

How is intention to communicate noted?

Question 15

The first meaningful word occurs around

A) 24 months
B) 18 months
C) 6 months
D) 12 months

Question 16

What are language impairments?

Question 17

At what age do rituals and game playing emerge?

A) At birth
B) 6-9 months
C) 12-18 months
D) 3-4 months

Question 18

About 90% of adult syntax is acquired by age

A) 12
B) 15
C) 5
D) 8

Question 19

By age 2, children have an expressive vocabulary of about

A) 300-500 words
B) 150-300 words
C) 100-150 words
D) 50-100 words

Question 20

Define "representation" and "symbolization" and explain why they are important.

Question 21

Explain some areas in which individuals with intellectual disabilities will have difficulty.

Question 22

Children who are identified as late talkers at 24-31 months

A) Tend to recover spontaneously
B) Still have a weakness in language-related skills in late adolescence
C) Are diagnosed with cognitive impairments by school-age
D) None of the above

Question 23

When should intervention begin for those with intellectual disability?

A) As soon as possible
B) When the child is preschool aged
C) During the toddler years
D) Intervention does not help those with intellectual disabilities.

Question 24

Children with LD

A) Concentrate on inappropriate or unimportant stimuli
B) Exhibit poor ability to attend selectively
C) A & B
D) None of the above

Question 25

Severity of intellectual disability is usually based on

A) Language abilities
B) Sustained attention measures
C) IQ
D) Adaptive behaviors

Question 26

Educational options for those with intellectual disabilities include

A) Institutions for profound ID
B) Self-contained, special classrooms
C) Regular education with support
D) All of the above

Question 27

For school-aged children, language development

A) Can decrease because of poor peer models
B) Slows and begins to stabilize
C) Increases dramatically
D) None of the above

Question 28

are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are manifested by significant difficulties in the development and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities.

A) Learning disabilities
B) Syndromes
C) Cognitive impairments
D) Speech/language impairments

Question 29

allow(s) the child to consider language in the abstract, make judgments about its correctness, and create verbal contexts.

A) Metalinguistic skills
B) Representation
C) Generalization
D) Pragmatics development

Question 30

Approximately of all individuals have LD.

A) 20%
B) 1%
C) 3%
D) 15%

Question 31

Risk factors for _ include being male, having ongoing hearing problems, and having a more reactive temperament.

A) Language impairment
B) Autism
C) Cognitive impairment
D) Down syndrome

Question 32

By age , children can use most verb tenses, possessive pronouns, and conjunctions.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 3
D) 7

Question 33

Describe the changes in language use during adolescence.

Question 34

By high school, children understand approximately

A) 20,000 words
B) 60,000 words
C) 40,000 words
D) 10,000 words

Question 35

is/are sayings that do not always mean what they seem to mean, as in idioms.

A) Multiple meanings
B) Figurative language
C) Implicitures
D) All of the above

Question 36

is an underlying neurological impairment in executive function that regulates behavior, causing impulsiveness.

A) Cluttering
B) Specific language impairment
C) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
D) Autism

Question 37

Protective factors for include having a more persistent and sociable temperament and higher levels of maternal well-being.

A) Cognitive impairment
B) Down syndrome
C) Language impairment
D) Autism

Question 38

Children with Down syndrome and Fragile X both have

A) Moderate-severe language delays
B) Mild language delays
C) Very different levels of language delay
D) Profound language delays

Question 39

Multiple word meanings are acquired

A) During adolescence
B) During the preschool years
C) During adulthood
D) None of the above

Question 40

Intellectual disability consists of what three characteristics?

Question 41

refers to the difficulty children with SLI have in inhibiting activation of nontarget competing words.

A) Lexical competition
B) Cluttering
C) Selective activation
D) None of the above

Question 42

is overuse of fillers and circumlocutions associated with word-finding difficulties, rapid speech, and word and phrase repetitions, along with lack of awareness; can occur in children with LD.

A) SLI
B) ADHD
C) Stuttering
D) Cluttering

Question 43

Which aspect(s) of languaget can be affected in children with LD?

A) Use
B) Content
C) Form
D) All of the above

Question 44

Incidence of ASD is higher in

A) Males
B) Those who have a family history of autism
C) A & B
D) None of the above

Question 45

What are the characteristics of children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Question 46

Children with SLI have difficulty

A) Registering different contexts for language
B) Constructing word-referent associations for lexical growth
C) Extracting regularities from language
D) All of the above

Question 47

Approximately 25% of children with ASD exhibit

A) ID
B) SLI
C) ADHD
D) All of the above

Question 48

Which are options for education and employment for those with ASD?

A) Special education
B) Regular education
C) May hold competitive employment
D) All of the above

Question 49

What are the characteristics of a child who has a specific language impairment (SLI)?

Question 50

Children with SLI have difficulty with , which indicates language processing deficits in phonological working memory, where words are held while processed.

A) Grammatical markers
B) Phonotactic rules
C) Social interactions
D) Multiple meaning words

Question 51

Failure to meet which milestones might indicate the need for further evaluation in regard to ASD?

Question 52

Some individuals with ASD may have immediate or delayed _ or use entire verbal routines, called .

A) Recall, social scripts
B) Speaking, special stories
C) Echolalia, formuli
D) Repetition, scripts

Question 53

is an active process that allows limited information to be held in a temporary accessible state while cognitive processing occurs.

A) Working memory
B) Long term memory
C) Short term memory
D) None of the above

Question 54

What percentage of middle class U.S. children have delayed language development?

A) 20-25%
B) 1-2%
C) 3-7%
D) 10-15%

Question 55

Expressively, children with SLI may

A) Speak more rapidly
B) Have fewer speech disruptions
C) A & B
D) None of the above

Question 56

Between and _ of individuals with ASD remain nonspeaking throughout their lives.

A) 50%, 80%
B) 25%, 60%
C) 15%, 30%
D) 2%, 5%

Question 57

Children with ASD are identified by the time they are

A) 2-3 years old
B) Born
C) 5-7 years old
D) 6 months old

Question 58

Describe lifespan issues that affect individuals with learning disabilities.

Question 59

The incidence of ASD among children is

A) 1 in 88
B) 1 in 55
C) 1 in 110
D) 1 in 230

Question 60

Lifespan issues of children with SLI include

A) Perceiving themselves negatively
B) Poor social skills
C) Negative perception by peers
D) All of the above

Question 61

is more significant in language development than maltreatment.

A) Child-mother attachment
B) Paternal involvement
C) Maternal education
D) Socioeconomic status

Question 62

What are lifespan issues of children with FAS or early drug exposure?

Question 63

In , children do not speak in specific situations, although they speak in others.

A) Selective mutism
B) Deafness
C) Language delay
D) Autism

Question 64

Describe lifespan issues related to TBI.

Question 65

is diffuse brain damage as a result of external force.

A) Traumatic brain injury
B) Encephalopathy
C) Lobectomy
D) Meningitis

Question 66

is relatively unaffected in TBI.

A) Content
B) Form
C) Use
D) None of the above

Question 67

What can be expected in language development in those who receive a cochlear implant?

Question 68

Explain special assessment considerations for bilingual children, English language learners, and dialectal speakers.

Question 69

What are the language characteristics of children who have been neglected or abused?

Question 70

Academically, children with FAS

A) Are behind their peers
B) Do not demonstrate difficulty until middle school
C) Only demonstrate difficulty in mathematics
D) Are delayed at first, but catch up by around third grade

Question 71

Deficits in are most likely to remain long after the injury in TBI.

A) Syntax
B) Morphology
C) Pragmatics
D) Semantics

Question 72

Psychological maladjustment or acting-out behaviors called may occur.

A) Confabulation
B) Anosognosia
C) Social disinhibition
D) Prosopagnosia

Question 73

What are the goals of assessment?

Question 74

Variables related to TBI include

A) Age of the injury
B) Extent and site of lesion
C) Age at onset
D) All of the above

Question 75

Screening tests are used to

A) Qualify a student for special education services
B) Quantify the degree of language impairment
C) Guide treatment decisions
D) Determine the presence or absence of a language problem

Question 76

Effects of drugs on the fetus vary with

A) Age of the fetus
B) Drug
C) Manner of ingestion
D) All of the above

Question 77

Approximately children and adolescents in the U.S. have experienced a TBI.

A) 1 million
B) 100,000
C) 500,000
D) 2 million

Question 78

Language features of children with FAS include

A) Language delay
B) Poor comprehension
C) Echolalia
D) All of the above

Question 79

Individuals who have sustained TBI have difficulty with

A) Word retrieval
B) Narration
C) Object description
D) All of the above

Question 80

infants have low birth weight and later demonstrate hyperactivity, motor problems, attention deficits, and cognitive disabilities.

A) Autistic
B) FAS
C) Abused
D) Neglected