Deck 9: Hypothesis-Testing Logic

Question 1

A research question that asks about the presence of behavior, how frequently it is exhibited, or whether there is a relationship between different behaviors is a _______ research question.

A) predictive
B) descriptive
C) causal
D) closed-ended

Answer 1

descriptive

Question 2

A research question that asks if one behavior can be predicted from another behavior to allow predictions of future behavior occur is a _______ research question.

A) predictive
B) descriptive
C) causal
D) closed-ended

Answer 2

predictive

Question 3

Which of the following is a predictive research question?

A) What percentage of time do Americans feel happy?
B) Are depression and cancer recovery rates related?
C) Do ACT (or SAT) scores indicate future academic performance?
D) What types of personality characteristics are common in children who bully others?

Answer 3

Do ACT (or SAT) scores indicate future academic performance?

Question 4

When individuals provide survey responses that represent them in the most positive way, even if the responses are untrue, this is called

A) nonresponse bias.
B) coverage error.
C) social desirability bias.
D) testing effects.

Question 5

When participants choose not to complete a study this is called:

A) attrition/mortality
B) abrasion
C) transience
D) nonresponse error

Question 6

The more participants in your sample who are willing to complete the survey, the lower chance there will be of ____________error in your study.

A) nonresponse error
B) coverage error
C) social desirability bias
D) testing effects

Question 7

When a question on a survey is actually two questions in one this is called a __________ question.

A) coercive
B) duplicate
C) double-barreled
D) causal

Question 8

Which of the following is a source of bias in survey data?

A) nonresponse error
B) coverage error
C) social desirability bias
D) testing effects
E) all of the above

Question 9

Both the Health and Psychosocial Instruments HAPI) database and the Mental Measurements Yearbook are available through the _________ database.

A) EBSCO
B) SCOEB
C) COEBS
D) SBEOC

Question 10

This is a method of testing scores' internal consistency that indicates if the scores are similar on different sets of questions on a survey that address similar topics:

A) test-retest reliability
B) split-half reliability
C) testing effects
D) construct validity

Question 11

Which research method can surveys be used with to observe behavior?

A) correlational
B) experimental
C) quasi-experimental
D) case study
E) all of the above

Question 12

_______ response scales provide response categories that respondents choose from, whereas ________ response scales allow respondents to respond to items in any way they wish.

A) Open-ended, closed-ended
B) Closed-ended, open-ended
C) Descriptive, predictive
D) Predictive, descriptive

Question 13

A strong, positive relationship between scores on a new survey and scores on a previously validated survey on the same topic indicates good

A) criterion-related validity.
B) test-retest validity.
C) Cronbach's alpha.
D) social desirability.

Question 14

_____________ of scores indicates how similar scores on the different items of a survey are to one another.

A) test-retest reliability
B) internal consistency
C) testing effects
D) construct validity

Question 15

"How do you feel today?" is an example of an ________ ended question.

A) predictive
B) descriptive
C) open-ended
D) closed-ended

Question 16

A Likert scale is an example of an) _______ response scale.

A) predictive
B) descriptive
C) open-ended
D) closed-ended

Question 17

The development and validation of surveys is called

A) psychotronics.
B) psychometrics.
C) questionnairing.
D) psychonomics.

Question 18

__________ validity indicates that a survey measures the behavior it is designed to measure.

A) criterion-related
B) test-retest
C) construct
D) predictive

Question 19

A research question that asks what causes specific behaviors to occur is a _______ research question.

A) predictive
B) descriptive
C) causal
D) closed-ended

Question 20

Cronbach's alpha is a measure of the _________ of a survey.

A) test-retest reliability
B) internal consistency
C) testing effects
D) construct validity

Question 21

Wording of the questions cannot affect the validity and reliability of the survey results.

Question 22

A sampling error that occurs when individuals chosen for the sample do not respond to the survey, biasing the sample is called:

A) nonresponse error
B) coverage error
C) social desirability bias
D) testing effects

Question 23

Surveys can be used to answer predictive research questions.

Question 24

Longer, standardized surveys are often called questionnaires.

Question 25

This occurs when participants are tested more than once in a study with early testing affecting later testing:

A) test-retest reliability
B) internal consistency
C) testing effects
D) construct validity

Question 26

A sampling error that occurs when the sample chosen to complete a survey does not provide a good representation of the population is called:

A) nonresponse error
B) coverage error
C) social desirability bias
D) testing effects

Question 27

If many individuals respond the same way to items on a survey, this indicates good validity for the survey.

Question 28

This indicates that the scores on a survey will be similar when participants complete the survey more than once:

A) test-retest reliability
B) internal consistency
C) testing effects
D) construct validity

Question 29

Surveys can be used to answer causal research questions.

Question 30

Collecting _________ended responses will require a coding scheme to be developed to categorize the different types of responses made.

A) predictive
B) descriptive
C) open-ended
D) closed-ended

Question 31

Providing descriptive anchors for a numerical rating scale is not recommended for surveys, because they may bias the responses.

Question 32

Explain why "Do you meditate to reduce your anxiety?" is a poorly worded survey item.

Question 33

A good survey item asks about as many different behaviors as possible in order to have as few items as possible on the survey.

Question 34

Open-ended responses allow the participants to respond in any way they feel is appropriate for the question.

Question 35

Surveys can be used to answer descriptive research questions.

Question 36

To ensure that your survey includes the best set of questions, it is a good idea to pilot sets of questions to determine the specific wording that is most easily understood by your participants.