Deck 6: Descriptive Statistics

Question 1

Which of the following sampling techniques involves choosing individuals from the population at random where each individual has an equal chance of being selected?

A) simple random sample
B) quota sample
C) volunteer sample
D) stratified random sample

Answer 1

simple random sample

Question 2

Internet samples are typically less representative of the population of interest than samples that are collected fact-to-face.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which of the following describes a quota sample?

A) people who respond to a mailed survey make up the sample
B) all students who sign up for a study make up the sample
C) 60% of the population is left-handed so 60% of the participants chosen are also left-handed
D) participants are selected from a local preschool class to represent preschoolers who live in the area

Answer 3

60% of the population is left-handed so 60% of the participants chosen are also left-handed

Question 4

The __________ a population is the population to which the researcher wishes to generalize the results of the study.

A) target
B) general
C) accessible
D) universal

Question 5

Which one is not a probability sample?

A) simple random sample
B) stratified random sample
C) cluster sample
D) haphazard sample

Question 6

The _________ is the group of individuals a researcher wants to learn about in a study, whereas the _______ is the groups of individuals tested in a study.

A) sample, population
B) population, sample
C) population, sampling error
D) sampling error, population

Question 7

Unlike a stratified random sample, the _______ sample will make use of convenience sampling techniques such as recruiting participants from a participant sign-up pool or asking students sitting in the library to fill out the survey.

A) simple random sample
B) quota sample
C) volunteer sample
D) haphazard sample

Question 8

Convenience samples will likely increase the amount of sampling error in the study, lowering its _________validity by making a test of the hypotheses less accurate.

A) external
B) convenience
C) haphazard
D) internal

Question 9

Which of the following describes a cluster sample?

A) people who respond to a mailed survey make up the sample
B) all students who sign up for a study make up the sample
C) 60% of the population is left-handed so 60% of the subjects chosen are also left-handed
D) subjects are selected from a local preschool class to represent preschoolers who live in the area

Question 10

The most common type of convenience sample used by psychologists is the____________ sample.

A) simple random sample
B) cluster sample
C) haphazard sample
D) stratified random sample

Question 11

__________ participants may be more likely to respond to e-mail contacts, whereas __________participants may be more likely to respond to phone contacts.

A) younger, older
B) older, younger
C) male, female
D) female, male

Question 12

Which of the following sampling techniques involves choosing individuals from the population at random where the proportions of members of different groups are the same in the population and the sample?

A) simple random sample
B) cluster sample
C) volunteer sample
D) stratified random sample

Question 13

All studies, regardless of sampling technique are subject to sampling error.

Question 14

The percentage of people out of the total number available who respond to a survey is called the:

A) response rate
B) reply speed
C) response speed
D) percentage rate

Question 15

Which of the following sampling techniques involves choosing individuals from the population such that individuals are chosen from a pre-existing group?

A) simple random sample
B) cluster sample
C) haphazard sample
D) stratified random sample

Question 16

Which of the following sampling techniques involves choosing individuals from the population such that individuals from the population who volunteer are selected?

A) simple random sample
B) quota sample
C) haphazard sample
D) stratified random sample

Question 17

Which of the following sampling techniques is likely to create the smallest amount of sampling error?

A) cluster sample
B) simple random sample
C) volunteer sample
D) none of the above (all are equivalent in terms of sampling error)

Question 18

All sampling error can be removed from a study if the appropriate sampling technique is used.

Question 19

Convenience samples are also called:

A) volunteer samples
B) haphazard samples
C) cluster samples
D) purposive samples

Question 20

Which of the following sampling techniques is likely to create the largest amount of sampling error?

A) stratified random sample
B) simple random sample
C) volunteer sample
D) none of the above (all are equivalent in terms of sampling error)

Question 21

Quota samples are similar to stratified random samples without the random selection from subsets of the population.

Question 22

Describe the difference between a sample and a population and how sampling error occurs.

Question 23

External validity of a study should be considered when conclusions are drawn from results collected with a convenience sample.

Question 24

It is usually possible to test the entire population in a research study.

Question 25

A disadvantage of cluster sampling is that a portion of the population may be missed in the sample, giving the researcher a sample that is not fully representative of the population.

Question 26

Many researchers have argued that results from psychological studies using volunteer college students for samples are not informative about the behavior in the general population.

Question 27

The cable sports channel ESPN often presents results of surveys they conduct by posting questions on their web site and asking viewers to respond. Describe two sources of bias that can increase sampling error for these surveys, assuming the population of interest is all individuals who watch ESPN.

Question 28

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using an internet sample?

Question 29

In convenience samples the probability of an individual being chosen from the population cannot be determined, because individuals are not chosen randomly.

Question 30

Volunteer samples are uncommon in psychological research.

Question 31

Explain why probability samples are likely to have less sampling error than convenience samples.