Deck 16: Environment, Population and Social Change

Question 1

The 2010 Census allowed individuals to self-select their race.Approximatelypercent of Americans
Identified themselves as "mixed race" in 2010.

A)1.2
B)3.3
C)5.8
D)7.4

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A cohort consists of

A)all persons who have a particular event in common.
B)all persons born within a given period.
C)a group of people who have common values.
D)a group of persons who live in the same geographic area.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Paul Ehrlich predicted that world population growth was largely effected by

A)the government.
B)politics.
C)war.
D)agriculture.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The placing of dumps near minority communities reflects.

A)an accident of history
B)purposeful attempts to put waste next to powerless communities
C)poor communities desire to live near waste dumps
D)none of the above

Question 5

When Bobby and Gail study the local population,the number of people per square mile is.

A)medium population
B)birthrate
C)death rate
D)population density

Question 6

The U.S.consumes approximately of the world's energy,but is home to only 5% of the world's
Population.

A)one-fifth
B)one-quarter
C)one-third
D)one-half

Question 7

A college class is studying the impact of bottled water on the environment Which of the following is true about plastic water bottles?

A)They are recycled and not a hazard
B)They are reused in industry
C)They are not recycled and an environmental problem
D)They are not recycled but not an environmental problem

Question 8

Which of the following is not a condition under which revolutions are likely to occur?

A)a breakdown of disenfranchised groups
B)cultural diffusion
C)development of structural opportunities
D)a major economic crisis

Question 9

The 1924 National Origins Quota law encouraged immigration fromand discouraged immigration from
)

A)France; Italy
B)Greece; Germany
C)England; Poland
D)Turkey; Switzerland

Question 10

A large portion of the pollutants released into the air in the U.S.come from

A)oil drilling.
B)automobiles.
C)pollution.
D)chlorofluorocarbons.

Question 11

Mary's parents are part of a larger elderly population than her grandparents.This is an example of
)

A)a higher birthrate
B)a higher death rate
C)the graying of the population
D)a higher infant mortality rate

Question 12

The U.S.emitsof global carbon.

A)10 percent
B)20 percent
C)50 percent
D)70 percent

Question 13

In the United States,the sex ratio is,which indicates.

A)54; there are more males than females.
B)114; there are more females than males.
C)94; there are more females than males.
D)104; there are more males than females.

Question 14

Among Hispanics,migration patterns are closely linked to

A)religion.
B)race relations.
C)agriculture.
D)military.

Question 15

By mid-century,it is estimated that the U.S.population will be

A)older than today.
B)more female than today.
C)younger than today.
D)more male than today.

Question 16

Theis defined as the number of births each year for every 1000 people in the population.

A)fertility rate
B)refined birth rate
C)fecundity rate
D)crude birth rate

Question 17

Sociologists who are interested in understanding the conditions behind the overthrow of a state and the resulting large-scale consequences study.

A)revolutions
B)collective behaviors
C)cultural diffusion
D)demographic transitions

Question 18

Using data from the 2010 Census,the current population of the United States is estimated to be about.

A)171 million
B)311 million
C)439 million
D)695 million

Question 19

According to Malthusian theory,population growth tends to be.

A)arithmetic
B)linear
C)exponential
D)curvilinear

Question 20

Antipollution laws have been resisted by industry because

A)laws require expensive adaptations of the manufacturing process.
B)politicians too frequently change their minds about industry standards.
C)laws are unenforceable.
D)lobbyists are too strong.

Question 21

Collective behavior is

A)logical.
B)short-lived.
C)predictable.
D)spontaneous.

Question 22

World War II contributed to social change in the United States in all of the following ways,except

A)an increased number of women began working outside of the home
B)mass-production increased
C)many men in the service received college educations using the GI Bill
D)technology improved working conditions

Question 23

John is studying the impact of the sun's light on the earth.Which environmental issue is he not directly concerned with?

A)the greenhouse effect
B)global warming
C)environmental racism
D)carbon dioxide buildup

Question 24

Toynbee's cyclical theory of social change argues that societies.

A)are everlasting
B)become part of other societies
C)are never the same twice
D)are born,mature,decay and sometimes die.

Question 25

According to conflict theorists,society changes because

A)conflict is inherent.
B)the division of labor is based on class differences.
C)powerful nations control less powerful nations.
D)technology leads to homogeneous societies.

Question 26

Herbert Spencer argued that social change will occur when.

A)societies specialize
B)societies become less heterogeneous
C)societies become more similar
D)none of the above

Question 27

John is interested in studying demography.Which of the following will he spend his time researching?

A)Environment and society
B)The past and future composition of populations
C)The social processes of human engineering
D)Perspectives on social change

Question 28

When a sociology major is interested in studying group behavior dedicated to social change,s/he is studying
)

A)demographic change
B)social organization
C)collective behavior
D)social solidarity

Question 29

According to functionalists,is the primary cause of social change.

A)global development
B)economic inequality
C)modernization
D)technology

Question 30

Cohorts are useful for analyzing all of the following,except

A)the number of people in the population of different ages,at different times.
B)how many high schools and universities will be needed at some time in the future.
C)whether or not the social security system will continue to have funds.
D)the gender ration within a population.

Question 31

According to Marx and Habermas,the personal feelings of powerlessness that accompany modernization are the result of

A)technology.
B)war.
C)revolution.
D)inequality.

Question 32

For those opposed to permitting the self-selection of more than one race in the U.S.Census,an important argument is that

A)most people don't really know what race they are.
B)there is no such thing as race,so multiracial makes no sense.
C)identifying as multiracial reduces the strength of numbers of already underrepresented minority groups.
D)younger people are more likely to identify as multiracial than older people.

Question 33

Which of the following is not a factor in determining the total number of people in a society?

A)birth
B)death
C)migration
D)gender

Question 34

Sociology students are interested in theorizing social change by looking at how people define social behavior.
Which of the following perspectives are they using?

A)Conflict
B)Symbolic Interaction
C)Functionalism
D)Evolutionary

Question 35

The actual shape of an age-sex pyramid is a reflection of

A)the birth rate of a society.
B)the rate of immigration compared with other countries.
C)the overall size of the population.
D)the death rate of a society.

Question 36

According to Georg Simmel,urban dwellers avoid,which is more likely found in rural communities.

A)interaction
B)emotional involvement
C)alienation
D)family ties

Question 37

Unlike Spencer,Marx emphasized that social change was based on.

A)economics
B)a future classless society
C)consensus
D)social order due to class conflict

Question 38

According to functionalists,over time.

A)complex societies become more complex
B)simple societies become more simple
C)simple societies become more complex
D)complex societies become more simple

Question 39

John is moving to Nigeria.Which of the following best characterizes it's population?

A)It will not be a major contributor to world population growth in the future
B)It has a stable population
C)It is going to decline in population in the future
D)It is one of the eight countries expected to expand population in the future

Question 40

In the U.S.today,life expectancy for the overall population is aboutyears of age.

A)61
B)70
C)78
D)85

Question 41

How do social movements differ from other types of social organization?

A)Social movements tend to be more bureaucratic and structured than other social organizations.
B)Unlike other social organizations,social movements thrive on spontaneity.
C)Social movements are more long lasting than most other types of social organization.
D)Social movements are smaller in scope than other types of social organization.

Question 42

Research on environmental racism indicates that

A)it is probably not done intentionally and many dumps are also located in White neighborhoods.
B)the problem is overstated; it does not occur very often.
C)the location of hazardous wastes near minority neighborhoods is too frequent to be occurring by chance.
D)most of the toxic dumps have now been dismantled and cleaned up.

Question 43

The scientific study of the interdependence between humans and their physical environment is called.

A)demographics
B)environmentalism
C)human ecology
D)ethnology

Question 44

The 2000 U.S.census is estimated to have undercounted approximately two percent of the country's population.
The estimated undercount for Hispanics is as high aspercent.

A)5
B)15
C)25
D)35

Question 45

When a college student engages in a fad they are participating in .

A)a status symbol
B)a social change
C)modernization
D)rapid communication

Question 46

Which federal document requires a national census to be conducted every ten years?

A)the U.S.Constitution
B)Executive Order 816
C)Title VII
D)the Declaration of Independence

Question 47

Which of these statements best describes current increases in the world's population?

A)The world's population increases arithmetically.
B)The world's population increases in a linear fashion.
C)The world's population increases exponentially.
D)The world's population increases at a rate of about 1000 people per minute.

Question 48

The pattern of disproportionate dumping of toxic waste and other forms of pollution in neighborhoods where the poor and people of color live is called.

A)environmental inequity
B)industrial racism
C)polluter genocide
D)environmental racism

Question 49

The upper atmosphere shield that blocks dangerous ultraviolet light,protecting humans from sunburn and skin cancer is called the.

A)ozone layer
B)ionosphere shield
C)stratosphere screen
D)ultraviolet filter

Question 50

The most serious nuclear power plant accident to date occurred at.

A)Chernobyl (in the Ukraine)
B)Three-Mile Island in Pennsylvania
C)Osaka,Japan
D)Warsaw,Poland

Question 51

In Census 2000,the undercount for the entire U.S.population of the United States was 2 percent.Which of these groups is most like to be undercounted by the Census?

A)suburban dwellers
B)the homeless
C)residents of New York City
D)farmers

Question 52

The all-time high rate of births in the United States was 27 per 1000 people.When was the U.S.birthrate this high?

A)during the colonial period
B)during the late nineteenth century
C)just following World War II
D)just following the Vietnam War

Question 53

Some groups of people are likely to be undercounted by the Census for various reasons.Why does this matter?

A)The original purpose of the Census was to determine the gross capital product more accurately.
B)The Census is used to apportion representation in government as fairly as possible.
C)Without an accurate population count,it is not possible to provide welfare programs.
D)The U.S.standing in the world is determined in part on the size of our population.

Question 54

When Bob majors in the scientific study of the interplay between humans and the environment he is studying
)

A)population studies
B)ecology
C)carrying capacity
D)environmental sociology

Question 55

Which of the following assumes societies evolve due to industrialization?

A)modernization theory
B)world systems theory
C)dependency theory
D)cyclical theory

Question 56

According to the Census Bureau,as of 2008 the country with the lowest birthrate is.

A)the U.S.
B)Japan
C)Niger
D)Spain

Question 57

Among different racial/ethnic groups in the United States,the group with the highest birthrate is.

A)African Americans
B)Latinos
C)Native Americans
D)Asian Americans

Question 58

According to Habermas a society that experiences social inequality will also experience.

A)social stability
B)wide spread apathy
C)social conflict
D)none of the above

Question 59

An example of a resource that is not renewable,regardless of how well we manage it,is.

A)timber
B)fossil fuels
C)seafood
D)iron

Question 60

Studies of ecosystems have demonstrated that

A)a disturbance in one element has an impact on the entire system.
B)it is impossible for the social sciences to interconnect with the biological sciences.
C)there are many social problems that are much more pressing than the environment.
D)with proper management all resources can eventually be renewed.

Question 61

The trend toward more and more of the population entering the 65 and over age bracket is called.

A)"the boomer bust"
B)"graying of America"
C)"the echo effect"
D)"maturation effect"

Question 62

Stage two of the demographic transition is characterized by

A)high birth rates and a declining death rate.
B)declining birth and death rates.
C)high birth and death rates.
D)high death rates and declining birth rates.

Question 63

Despite the revolutionary developments that have forestalled his predictions,Malthus made an important contribution by

A)creating the field of demography.
B)bringing attention to the limitations on subsistence and natural resources.
C)promoting the development of better contraceptive.
D)creating positive checks on population increase.

Question 64

Studies of the response of men and women to environmental issues indicate that

A)men are more concerned than women about global warming.
B)women perceive themselves to be considerably more at risk from environmental hazards than men are.
C)men are more likely than women to worry about the dangers of pollution for trees,fish,and other wildlife.
D)men and women are equally concerned about these issues.

Question 65

When making his projections on population,Malthus failed to foresee

A)technological advances in agriculture that have resulted in larger yields.
B)the advances in medicine that prevented diseases from periodically wiping out entire nations.
C)that widespread use of contraceptives in many countries would keep the birthrate low.
D)all of the above

Question 66

What is the major criticism of demographic transition theory?

A)It is based too heavily on trends in the developing world.
B)It is ethnocentric.
C)It has no explanatory value.
D)The model fits too many different situations to be useful.

Question 67

According totheory,a population grows faster than the subsistence needed to sustain it.

A)Malthusian
B)demographic transition
C)zero population growth
D)population transition

Question 68

Gradual transformations that affect many aspects of society are called.

A)megachanges
B)macrochanges
C)systemic changes
D)sequential

Question 69

Among industrialized countries,the country with both the highest life expectancy and the lowest infant mortality rate is.

A)Great Britain
B)Germany
C)Japan
D)the United States

Question 70

The Baby Boom cohort now comprises aboutof the entire population of the United States.

A)one-sixth
B)one-fourth
C)one-third
D)one-half

Question 71

Malthus considered sexual abstinence to be aon population growth.

A)preventive check
B)positive check
C)positive influence
D)source of decline

Question 72

In The Population Bomb,Paul Ehrlich argues that

A)the population projections of Thomas Malthus were totally in error.
B)quality of the environment has little to do with the growth and health of populations.
C)food production is currently so efficient that availability of food has ceased to be an issue,even on a worldwide basis.
D)worldwide population growth has outgrown food production and that massive starvation must inevitably follow.

Question 73

In the United States,stage three of the demographic transition applies primarily to.

A)Whites
B)African Americans
C)Hispanics
D)American Indians

Question 74

Compared with other industrialized nations in terms of infant mortality and life expectancy,the U.S.

A)ranks near the bottom,having relatively high infant mortality and lower life expectancy.
B)ranks near the top,having relatively low infant mortality and higher life expectancy.
C)is in the middle; infant mortality is very low,but so is life expectancy.
D)has very high infant mortality and high life expectancy.

Question 75

According totheory,populations go through predictable stages from high birth and death rates to a stable population with low birth and death rates.

A)Malthusian
B)demographic transition
C)zero population growth
D)population transition

Question 76

Malthus referred to famine,disease,and war aschecks on population growth.

A)positive
B)negative
C)preventative
D)cyclical

Question 77

The infant mortality rate measures the number of deaths each year of infants under the age of one.This measure is also a reflection of

A)overall quality of life for a group of people.
B)a person's life expectancy.
C)the overall birthrate of a population.
D)population growth.

Question 78

The crude death rate,the number of deaths per 1000 people,is a good indicator of.

A)fertility
B)population growth
C)standard of living
D)crude birth rate

Question 79

The bubonic plague in Europe from 1334 to 1354,the small pox epidemic in 1707 that devastated the populations of Mexico and the West Indies,and today's worldwide AIDS epidemic are alike to the extent that all are.

A)sexually transmitted diseases
B)forms of "positive checks" on population growth
C)types of "preventative checks" of population growth
D)diseases associated primarily with sexual and/or racial minorities

Question 80

theories of social change invoke patterns of structure and culture that are believed to recur at more or less regular intervals.

A)Evolutionary
B)Unilinear
C)Cyclical
D)Conflict