Deck 8: Joints

Question 1

Which of the following is not a part of the synovial joint?

A) articular cartilage
B) articular capsule
C) joint cavity
D) tendon sheath

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?

A) joints that permit angular movements
B) interphalangeal joints
C) cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones
D) amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the .

A) hands and the feet
B) feet
C) arms
D) hands

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What are menisci?

A) semilunar cartilage pads
B) tendon sheaths
C) cavities lined with cartilage
D) small sacs containing synovial fluid

Question 5

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?

A) Gliding movements are multiaxial.
B) Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.
C) Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs.
D) An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head.

Question 6

Tendon sheaths _.

A) are extensions of periosteum
B) are lined with dense irregular connective tissue
C) help anchor the tendon to the muscle
D) act as friction- reducing structures

Question 7

A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a .

A) syndesmosis
B) symphysis
C) gomphosis
D) suture

Question 8

Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid?

A) It contains hydrochloric acid.
B) It contains enzymes only.
C) It contains hyaluronic acid.
D) It contains lactic acid.

Question 9

The gliding motion of the wrist uses _ joints.

A) pivot
B) hinge
C) plane
D) condyloid

Question 10

On the basis of structural classification, which joint is fibrous connective tissue?

A) synchondrosis
B) syndesmosis
C) pivot
D) symphysis

Question 11

In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?

A) Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable.
B) In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present.
C) Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses.
D) All synovial joints are freely movable.

Question 12

Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?

A) Sutures
B) Synchondroses
C) Syndesmoses
D) Gomphoses

Question 13

Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?

A) They allow movement only in one plane.
B) They occur only between bones with flat articular processes.
C) They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.
D) They allow movement in several planes.

Question 14

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee- jerk reflex when tapped?

A) the lateral patellar retinacula
B) the extracapsular ligament
C) the patellar ligament
D) the medial patellar retinacula

Question 15

The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called .

A) tibial collateral ligaments
B) cruciate ligaments
C) anterior ligaments
D) patellar ligaments

Question 16

Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?

A) suture
B) hinge joint
C) symphysis
D) synchondrosis

Question 17

What is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane called?

A) dorsiflexion
B) inversion
C) adduction
D) abduction

Question 18

Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to keeping the articular surfaces of diarthroses in contact?

A) number of bones in the joint
B) arrangement and tension of the muscles
C) structure and shape of the articulating bone
D) strength and tension of joint ligaments

Question 19

An example of an interosseous fibrous joint is .

A) between the humerus and the glenoid cavity
B) between the vertebrae
C) the radius and ulna along its length
D) the clavicle and the scapula at the distal ends

Question 20

Which of the following is a true statement?

A) The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.
B) The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint.
C) The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process.
D) The greater tubercle of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula.

Question 21

The cruciate ligaments of the knee _ .

A) attach to each other in their midportions
B) tend to run parallel to one another
C) prevent hyperextension of the knee
D) are also called collateral ligaments

Question 22

Which of the following movements does not increase or decrease the angle between bones?

A) circumduction
B) rotation
C) extension
D) abduction

Question 23

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify the saddle joint of the skeleton.

A) Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
B) Meatcarpophalangeal joint of the finger.
C) Interphalangeal joint of the finger.
D) Carpometacarpal joint of the phalanges.

Question 24

Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of .

A) extension
B) hyperextension
C) circumduction
D) flexion

Question 25

Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to .

A) form the synovial membrane
B) attach tendons
C) produce red blood cells (hemopoiesis)
D) provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints

Question 26

Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include _ _.

A) the patellar ligament extending from femur to patella
B) lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements
C) the oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly
D) cruciate ligaments, which help secure the articulating bones together

Question 27

The hip joint is a good example of a(n) synovial joint.

A) biaxial
B) nonaxial
C) uniaxial
D) multiaxial

Question 28

A fibrous joint that is a peg- in- socket is called a joint.

A) synchondrosis
B) gomphosis
C) syndesmosis
D) suture

Question 29

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are .

A) synovial joints
B) synarthroses
C) diarthroses
D) amphiarthroses

Question 30

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called .

A) menisci
B) tendons
C) ligaments
D) bursae

Question 31

Fibrous joints are classified as .

A) symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular
B) hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal
C) sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
D) pivot, hinge, and ball and socket

Question 32

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are .

A) rare because of the ligament reinforcement
B) rare because the rotator cuff stabilizes the hip joint
C) common due to the weight bearing the hip endures
D) common in all people who are overweight

Question 33

Figure 8.1Using Figure 8.1, match the following:
Periosteum.

Question 34

Which of the following is a correct statement about development of joints?

A) All fibrous joints are in the adult form by the time of birth.
B) Joints develop independent of bone growth.
C) Joints develop in parallel with bones.
D) By the end of the fourth week, fetal synovial joints resemble adult joints.

Question 35

The type of joint between the carpal and the first metacarpal is a joint.

Question 36

Briefly describe a typical synovial joint.

Question 37

Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the ligaments is (are) damaged as a result?

A) suprapatellar
B) medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate
C) oblique popliteal and extracapsular ligament
D) arcuate popliteal and the posterior cruciate

Question 38

In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with _.

A) fibrocartilage
B) synovial membranes
C) hyaline cartilage
D) tendon sheaths

Question 39

Pointing the toes is an example of .

A) plantar flexion
B) circumduction
C) pronation
D) protraction

Question 40

Synarthrotic joints .

A) permit essentially no movement
B) are cartilaginous joints
C) have large joint cavities
D) are found only in adults

Question 41

Why are epiphyseal plates considered temporary joints?

Question 42

Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, identify each type of synovial joint by name.
Turning the foot medially at the ankle would be called .

Question 43

Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, identify each type of synovial joint by name.
Joint 4.

Question 44

While the fingers can exhibit flexion and extension and other angular motions, the thumb has much greater freedom. Why?

Question 45

Figure 8.1
Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, what type of axis does each joint have?Using Figure 8.1, match the following:
Joint (synovial) cavity.

Question 46

Fluid- filled fibrous sacs lined with a synovial membrane and occurring where ligaments, muscles, and tendons rub together are called .

Question 47

Although uric acid is a normal waste product of nucleic acid metabolism, why are so many men suffering from a condition known as gouty arthritis? How does this product that should be eliminated in the urine cause so much pain when things go wrong?

Question 48

For each of the following movements, indicate the specific kind of joint involved (e.g., hinge, etc.) and the movement performed (e.g., extension, etc.).
a. Bending the elbow: , _ .
b. Turning head side to side: _ _, _ .
c. Lowering your arm to your side: _ , _ .
d. Turning the sole of foot medially: , _.

Question 49

Joint 2.

Question 50

Why is muscle tone the most important stabilizing factor for most joints?

Question 51

After reading a medical report, you learn that a 45- year- old female has the following symptoms: inflammation of synovial membranes, accumulation of synovial fluid, pain and tenderness about the joints, pannus formation, and some immobility at certain joints. On the basis of these symptoms, what would the patient probably have?

Question 52

The joint between the frontal and parietal bones is classified by material as a joint.

Question 53

Synovial joints have five major features. What are they?

Question 54

Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, what type of axis does each joint have?
Joint 5.

Question 55

Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, identify each type of synovial joint by name.
Joint 5.

Question 56

Joint 3.

Question 57

Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, what type of axis does each joint have?
Joint 1.

Question 58

Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, what type of axis does each joint have?
Joint 6.

Question 59

Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called .

Question 60

Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, identify each type of synovial joint by name.
Joint 3.

Question 61

Many inflammations of joint areas can be treated by injections of cortisone into the area. Why don't we continually get injections rather than operations?

Question 62

A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint.

Question 63

The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.

Question 64

The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.

Question 65

The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint.

Question 66

Figure 8.1
Using Figure 8.1, match the following:
Fibrous capsule.

Question 67

Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior..

Question 68

Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, what type of axis does each joint have?
Joint 4.

Question 69

Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, identify each type of synovial joint by name.
Joint 6.

Question 70

Figure 8.1
Using Figure 8.1, match the following:
Synovial membrane.

Question 71

Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, identify each type of synovial joint by name.
Joint 2.

Question 72

Figure 8.1
Using Figure 8.1, match the following:
The hip joint, like the shoulder joint, is a joint.

Question 73

Using the functional classification, a freely movable joint would be called a joint.

Question 74

Greg is somewhat of a "weekend athlete" who has overextended himself by pitching baseball for a local team during the week and playing golf on the weekends for several hours. He presented himself to the emergency room last week with severe shoulder pain (at the glenohumeral joint). The physician told him that the X ray was not conclusive, but he may have damage to his rotator cuff. What is the rotator cuff, and how might he have caused this damage? What remedies will the physician recommend?

Question 75

Figure 8.1
Using Figure 8.1, match the following:
Articular cartilage.

Question 76

Often people who exercise prudently seem to have fewer bouts with osteoarthritis. Will exercise prevent arthritis? If so, how?

Question 77

The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion.

Question 78

Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, identify each type of synovial joint by name.
Joint 1.

Question 79

Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space is called circumduction.

Question 80

Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.