Deck 12: The Central Nervous System

Question 1

Which of the following structures is probably not directly involved in memory?

A) medulla
B) thalamus
C) prefrontal cortex
D) hippocampus

Answer 1

A

Question 2

All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the .

A) amygdaloid nucleus
B) hippocampus
C) cingulate gyrus
D) caudate nucleus

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which statement is not true?

A) Half of infant sleep is composed of REM sleep.
B) Sleep requirements decline from infancy to early adulthood, level off, then decline again in old age.
C) Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.
D) Ten- year- olds are in REM sleep about 1.5- 2 hours per night.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are _ .

A) extrapyramidal and rubrospinal
B) segmental and nigrostriatal
C) pyramidal and corticospinal
D) supplementary and cerebellar- pontine

Question 5

REM sleep is associated with .

A) decreased activity of the brain, especially the cerebral cortex
B) temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for ocular muscles and diaphragm
C) decreased vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure
D) decreased oxygen use, especially in the cerebral cortex

Question 6

Which statement about epilepsy is most accurate?

A) The aura in tonic- clonic seizures typically occurs as the patient regains consciousness.
B) Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor.
C) Absence seizures typically begin in adolescence and is often severely disabling.
D) During seizures, sensory messages are processed normally but responses are blocked.

Question 7

Second- order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the
)

A) somatosensory cortex
B) thalamus
C) medulla
D) spinal cord

Question 8

An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in
)

A) spinal shock only
B) quadriplegia
C) paraplegia
D) hemiplegia

Question 9

The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the
)

A) midbrain
B) pons
C) medulla
D) cerebrum

Question 10

Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano?

A) emotional
B) declarative
C) procedural
D) motor

Question 11

An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the _.

A) visual association area
B) calcarine cortex
C) primary visual area
D) lateral geniculate body

Question 12

Broca's area .

A) corresponds to Brodmann's area 8
B) serves the recognition of complex objects
C) is usually found in the right hemisphere
D) is considered a motor speech area

Question 13

Which statement about coma is true?

A) Coma is a form of deep sleep.
B) During coma, brain oxygen consumption resembles that of a waking state.
C) Coma may be caused by widespread cerebral or brain stem trauma.
D) Coma is neurologically identical to syncope.

Question 14

The primary auditory cortex is located in the .

A) temporal lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) frontal lobe
D) prefrontal lobe

Question 15

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the .

A) lateral sulcus
B) cranial fossa
C) longitudinal fissure
D) central sulcus

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the cerebrum?

A) decussation center
B) motor command center
C) visceral command center
D) executive suite

Question 17

The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the .

A) visceral sensory area
B) gustatory cortex
C) vestibular cortex
D) olfactory cortex

Question 18

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the _ .

A) primary motor cortex
B) premotor cortex
C) rubrospinal tracts
D) spinal cord

Question 19

Which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury?

A) concussion
B) hemorrhage
C) contusion
D) swelling

Question 20

Which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?

A) glucose
B) potassium
C) red blood cells
D) protein

Question 21

Nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, and VII are found in the _ .

A) cerebrum
B) medulla
C) pons
D) midbrain

Question 22

Important nuclei of the indirect (multineural) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the _ .

A) reticular nuclei
B) red nuclei
C) superior colliculi
D) vestibular nuclei

Question 23

Declarative memory .

A) is best remembered in the doing
B) is the ability to learn specific information
C) usually involves motor skills
D) is hard to unlearn when learned once

Question 24

Which of the following is (are) involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)?

A) red nuclei
B) postcentral gyrus
C) gustatory cortex
D) Wernicke's area

Question 25

White matter is found in all of the following locations except the _ .

A) corticospinal tracts
B) outer portion of the spinal cord
C) corpus callosum
D) cerebral cortex

Question 26

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A) parieto- occipital fissure
B) central fissure
C) longitudinal fissure
D) lateral fissure

Question 27

A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a .

A) furrow
B) gyrus
C) fissure
D) sulcus

Question 28

The central sulcus separates which lobes?

A) frontal from temporal
B) frontal from parietal
C) parietal from occipital
D) temporal from parietal

Question 29

Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex?

A) fiber tracts
B) dendrites
C) cell bodies
D) unmyelinated axons

Question 30

The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the .

A) reticular formation
B) pyramids
C) limbic system
D) thalamus

Question 31

The white matter of the spinal cord contains .

A) myelinated nerve fibers only
B) soma that have both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
C) myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
D) unmyelinated nerve fibers only

Question 32

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called .

A) fissures
B) ganglia
C) gyri
D) sulci

Question 33

Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of
)

A) Huntington's disease
B) spinal cord disease
C) Parkinson's disease
D) cerebellar disease

Question 34

The arbor vitae refers to .

A) flocculonodular nodes
B) cerebellar white matter
C) the pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellum
D) cerebellar gray matter

Question 35

Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except .

A) pathologic sleep
B) production of excessive quantities of urine
C) loss of body temperature control
D) loss of proprioception

Question 36

Which of the following is not a function of the CSF?

A) nourishment of the brain
B) initiation of some nerve impulses
C) protection from blows
D) reduction of brain weight

Question 37

Which of the following is not a role of the basal nuclei?

A) inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements
B) regulating attention and cognition
C) initiating protective reflex actions
D) controlling starting and stopping movements

Question 38

Spinocerebellar tracts .

A) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord
B) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
C) give rise to conscious experience of perception
D) terminate in the spinal cord

Question 39

Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the _ .

A) neuromotor junction
B) lower motor neurons
C) upper motor neurons
D) spinal nerve roots

Question 40

Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex?

A) Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body.
B) The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas.
C) The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.
D) No functional area of the cortex works alone.

Question 41

Which brain nucleus is the body's "biological clock"?

A) dorsomedial nucleus
B) subthalamic nucleus
C) lentiform nucleus
D) suprachiastmatic nucleus

Question 42

Figure 12.1Using Fig. 12.1, Match the following:
Which ventricle is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.

Question 43

The brain stem consists of the .

A) midbrain only
B) midbrain, medulla, and pons
C) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain
D) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla

Question 44

Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement?

A) Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch, loudness, and location.
B) Damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and reflexes.
C) Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible.
D) Damage to the visual association area can result in blindness.

Question 45

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in .

A) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord
B) sympathetic ganglia
C) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
D) the thalamus

Question 46

Figure 12.1Using Fig. 12.1, Match the following:
Which type of wave predominates during stage 4 NREM sleep?

Question 47

Which brain waves are not normal for awake adults but are common for children?

A) Alpha
B) Delta
C) Theta
D) Beta

Question 48

Figure 12.1Using Fig. 12.1, Match the following:
Medulla Oblongata

Question 49

The blood- brain barrier is effective against _ .

A) metabolic waste such as urea
B) anesthetics
C) nutrients such as glucose
D) alcohol

Question 50

Describe the main ideas of the holistic processing school of thought, relative to consciousness.

Question 51

Figure 12.1Using Fig. 12.1, Match the following:
Differentiate clearly between short- term and long- term memory.

Question 52

Neural tracts that convey life- saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be
)

A) reticulospinal
B) posterior spinothalamic
C) lateral spinothalamic
D) anterior spinothalamic

Question 53

What cells line the ventricles of the brain?

A) neurons
B) ependymal cells
C) epithelial cells
D) astrocytes

Question 54

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

A) limbic association area
B) prefrontal cortex
C) posterior association area
D) combined primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex

Question 55

If the caudal portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly the .

A) hindbrain would not be present
B) telencephalon would cease development
C) spinal cord may be affected
D) cranial nerves would not form

Question 56

Figure 12.1Using Fig. 12.1, Match the following:
Hypothalamus

Question 57

Figure 12.3Using Figure 12.3, match the following:
Site of sensory soma.

Question 58

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

A) dura and epidura
B) arachnoid and dura
C) arachnoid and epidura
D) arachnoid and pia

Question 59

Figure 12.3Using Figure 12.3, match the following:
What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?.

Question 60

The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called
)

A) automatic memory
B) long- term memory
C) Association
D) rehearsal

Question 61

Figure 12.1Using Fig. 12.1, Match the following:
Thalamus

Question 62

Figure 12.2Using Figure 12.2, match the following:
Globus pallidus.

Question 63

A 24- hour cycle of sleep and wakefulness is called a rhythm.

Question 64

What might be a cause of dyslexia?

Question 65

Which part of the brain functions to filter out repetitive and/or unimportant stimuli?

Question 66

Figure 12.2Using Figure 12.2, match the following:
The is a conduction pathway between higher and lower brain centers and houses nuclei for cranial nerves V- VII.

Question 67

Figure 12.2Using Figure 12.2, match the following:
The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the
.

Question 68

The storage and retrieval of information is called .

Question 69

Figure 12.2Using Figure 12.2, match the following:
Six- year- old Jimmy is confined to a wheelchair. He frequently drools and his limbs hang limply in strange angular positions. His diagnosis is cerebral palsy. Name several (possible) causes of cerebral palsy.

Question 70

The is a protective mechanism that helps maintain a stable environment for the brain.

Question 71

Figure 12.2Using Figure 12.2, match the following:
Pons.

Question 72

Figure 12.2Using Figure 12.2, match the following:
Describe the cause of hydrocephalus and explain why this condition is much more serious in adults than in newborns.

Question 73

Figure 12.2Using Figure 12.2, match the following:
Thalamus.

Question 74

Which white matter tracts connect the cerebrum to the lower brain areas?

Question 75

Sensory neurons enter the spinal cord via the horn.

Question 76

Figure 12.2Using Figure 12.2, match the following:
Thomas is wearing a T- shirt with the saying "Only Left- Handed People Are In Their Right Minds". What does this mean?

Question 77

The includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

Question 78

Figure 12.3Using Figure 12.3, match the following:
Site of axons and afferent neurons.

Question 79

Figure 12.3Using Figure 12.3, match the following:
Gray commissure.

Question 80

Describe the role of the reticular activating system in cortical arousal and stimulation.