Deck 14: The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

A) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
B) elimination of urine
C) salivation
D) dilation of the pupils

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the .

A) vagus nerve
B) sympathetic trunk
C) phrenic nerve
D) sacral nerve

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Autonomic ganglia contain .

A) both somatic afferent and efferent neurons
B) the cell bodies of motor neurons
C) synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors
D) an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Sympathetic division stimulation causes .

A) increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
B) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure
C) increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure
D) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure

Question 5

Where would you not find a cholinergeric nicotinic receptor?

A) all postganglionic neurons
B) skeletal muscle motor end plates
C) adrenal medulla hormone producing cells
D) all parasympathetic target organs

Question 6

Beta- blockers .

A) decrease heart rate and blood pressure
B) are potent antidepressants
C) increase a dangerously low heart rate
D) have widespread sympathetic effects

Question 7

Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, it can do all but which one of the following?

A) synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
B) pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron
C) synapse with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
D) ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion

Question 8

Which of the following does not describe the ANS?

A) a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells
B) involuntary nervous system
C) general visceral motor system
D) a system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

Question 9

Which is a uniquely sympathetic function?

A) regulation of pupil size
B) regulation of respiratory rate
C) regulation of cardiac rate
D) regulation of body temperature

Question 10

Raynaud's disease .

A) occurs primarily in association with injury to the spinal cord
B) is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities
C) is frequently life threatening
D) is induced by heat stress

Question 11

Autonomic dysreflexia .

A) involves uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons
B) is also known as autonomic areflexia
C) results from overexcitatory input from the cortex
D) usually precedes spinal shock

Question 12

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of .

A) parasympathetic innervation
B) vagus nerve activity
C) neurosecretory substances
D) sympathetic stimulation

Question 13

The parasympathetic fibers of the nerves innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision.

A) abducens
B) optic
C) trochlear
D) oculomotor

Question 14

Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

A) most glands
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle
D) skeletal muscle

Question 15

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all except .

A) constriction of most blood vessels
B) increase of heart rate and force
C) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera
D) dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles

Question 16

The parasympathetic tone .

A) accelerates activity of the digestive tract
B) causes blood pressure to rise
C) prevents unnecessary heart deceleration
D) determines normal activity of the urinary tract

Question 17

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following except .

A) their effectors
B) their efferent pathways
C) all of the neurotransmitters
D) to some degree in target responses to their neurotransmitters

Question 18

Which sympathetic fibers form a splanchnic nerve?

A) those that synapse with parasympathetic fibers
B) those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia
C) those that synapse with somatic fibers
D) those that synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered

Question 19

The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the .

A) sympathetic division
B) peripheral nervous system
C) parasympathetic division
D) somatic division

Question 20

Which of the following appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic function?

A) hypothalamus
B) reticular formation
C) midbrain
D) medulla oblongata

Question 21

Which of the following statements is not true?

A) Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers.
B) Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers.
C) Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.
D) Sympathetic ganglia are within a few centimeters of the CNS; parasympathetic are close to visceral organs served.

Question 22

Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called
)

A) gray rami communicantes
B) spinal nerves
C) white rami communicantes
D) splanchnic nerves

Question 23

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the .

A) medulla
B) hypothalamus
C) thalamus
D) cerebellum

Question 24

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because .

A) preganglionic fibers are short
B) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
C) preganglionic fibers are long
D) inactivation of ACh is fairly slow

Question 25

The smooth muscle of the digestive viscera is served largely by the .

A) tenth cranial nerve
B) cephalic plexus
C) pelvic nerves
D) lumbar splanchnic nerves

Question 26

Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the .

A) inferior colliculus
B) hypothalamus
C) lateral horn of the spinal cord
D) lateral geniculate of the thalamus

Question 27

Which of the following adrenergic neurotransmitter receptors plays the major role in heart activity?

A) alpha 1
B) beta 3
C) beta 2
D) beta 1

Question 28

Figure 14.1Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
Carla was startled by an extremely loud bang that sounded like a gunshot. Her heartbeat accelerated rapidly. When she found that the noise was only a car backfiring, she felt greatly relieved but her heart kept beating heavily for over half an hour. Why did this happen?

Question 29

Figure 14.1Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
Myelin sheath.

Question 30

Parasympathetic functions include .

A) mobilizing storage energy sources
B) lens accommodation for close vision
C) allowing the body to cope with an external threat
D) a stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction

Question 31

The parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye is the .

A) submandibular ganglion
B) otic ganglion
C) ciliary ganglion
D) pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 32

Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that .

A) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
B) visceral arcs do not use integration centers
C) visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons
D) somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess

Question 33

Preparing the body for the "fight- or- flight" response is the role of the .

A) cerebrum
B) parasympathetic nervous system
C) somatic nervous system
D) sympathetic nervous system

Question 34

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number .

A) XII
B) V
C) X
D) VII

Question 35

Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?

A) first coccyx
B) first thoracic
C) second cervical
D) third lumbar

Question 36

Erection of the penis or clitoris .

A) depends very little on autonomic activation
B) is primarily under sympathetic control
C) is the result of coordinated activation by both sympathetic and parasympathetic input
D) is primarily under parasympathetic control

Question 37

Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion?

A) in the cervical region
B) in the armpit
C) close to the visceral effectors they serve
D) in the head

Question 38

Sweat glands are innervated by the fibers alone.

Question 39

Which of the following is not a plexus of the vagus nerve?

A) cardiac
B) esophageal
C) celiac
D) pulmonary

Question 40

Figure 14.1Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
Richard has been under great stress and has complained of migraine headaches for weeks. He tried all kinds of drugs, with little effect. When he was at the end of his rope, a friend suggested yoga and meditation. Having nothing to lose, he tried them and after several months, felt like a new person. How could these practices help him?

Question 41

The division alone adapts the lens of the eye for close vision.

Question 42

Norepinephrine- releasing fibers are called cholinergic fibers.

Question 43

How is hypertension (high blood pressure) related to the ANS?

Question 44

Mark eats a very big meal in the evening. After the meal his wife would like him to help clean up, but Mark explains that he is "too tired" and promptly goes to sleep. What seems to be his problem?

Question 45

The receptor type is used by the heart, and when activated increases heart rate.

Question 46

Describe four paths a preganglionic sympathetic fiber may take to reach its synapse point with the ganglionic neuron.

Question 47

Figure 14.1Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
Cell body of ANS postganglionic neuron.

Question 48

Figure 14.1Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
Alpha and beta receptors are classes of receptors.

Question 49

What studies have suggested that the ANS can also be subject to voluntary controls?

Question 50

How are the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions anatomically different?

Question 51

The two cholinergic receptor types are nicotonic and .

Question 52

Figure 14.1Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
Cell body of ANS preganglionic neuron.

Question 53

Figure 14.1Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
The only sympathetic preganglionic neuron to go directly to an organ is one branch of the
splanchnic nerve.

Question 54

Autonomic reflex centers occur in the spinal cord, medulla, and midbrain.

Question 55

What effect does aging have on the ANS?

Question 56

Discuss a way in which the opposing ANS systems cooperate with each other.

Question 57

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have the same effect on most body organ systems.

Question 58

Figure 14.1Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
Cell body of the somatic neuron.

Question 59

In what ways are the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system different?

Question 60

Figure 14.1Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
The parasympathetic division uses only as a neurotransmitter in the ganglionic neurons.

Question 61

The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are two separate systems that work totally independent of each other.

Question 62

The blood vessels of the skin are one of the few areas of the body where the vessels are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Question 63

Most disorders of the autonomic nervous system reflect abnormalities of smooth muscle control.

Question 64

Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia only.

Question 65

The celiac ganglion is primarily associated with the sympathetic division.

Question 66

The adrenal medulla is considered a "misplaced" sympathetic ganglion by some.

Question 67

Rami communicantes are designated white or grey to indicate whether or not the fibers passing through them are myelinated.

Question 68

The rami communicantes are associated only with the sympathetic division of the ANS.

Question 69

Because the ANS is a visceral motor system, afferent pathways are of no importance and actually are rarely found.

Question 70

The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.

Question 71

Because many of the same cardiac cells are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers, the influence of the two divisions on the heart is synergistic.

Question 72

All visceral organs receive dural innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

Question 73

Through direct neural stimulation, the sympathetic division promotes many metabolic effects via hormone release.

Question 74

Most blood vessels are innervated by the sympathetic division alone.

Question 75

fi- adrenergic receptors are the only receptors found on the heart.

Question 76

The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division.

Question 77

The ANS contains both sensory and motor neurons..

Question 78

The ANS stimulates smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and glands, whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only.

Question 79

Splanchnic nerves are mixed motor and sensory nerves.

Question 80

Most splanchnic nerves pass through the abdominal aortic plexus.