Deck 2: Ways of Understanding and Perceiving Self and Others

Question 1

Constructivists contend that change occurs when all of the following occur EXCEPT

A) clients see problems with their constructs.
B) the client adopts a new perspective at the insistence of the practitioner.
C) constricting personal constructs are challenged.
D) constructs are developed that embrace new ideas and behavioral possibilities.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

All of the following are characteristics of a closed family system EXCEPT

A) They tend to exist in relative isolation.
B) As the family matures, changes are tolerated and supported.
C) Family members are suspicious of outsiders.
D) Families hold onto their established values and traditions.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All of the following are ways of perceiving self and others EXCEPT

A) constructivist perspective.
B) dual perspective.
C) resilience perspective.
D) individualistic perspective.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

From the ecological perspective, problems arise when challenges occur in _________ environments.

A) unresponsive
B) overly responsive
C) family
D) intrapsychic

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT included in the text's description of personality?

A) Behavior patterns
B) Traits
C) Characteristics
D) Emotions

Question 6

__________ is important in the meaning-making process, since it influences perceptions of self and world.

A) Personality
B) Therapy
C) Language
D) Resilience

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of family rules?

A) They demonstrate the family's values.
B) They guide decision making.
C) They are influenced by culture.
D) They change from generation to generation.

Question 8

Protective factors that play a role in developing and sustaining resilience include all of the following EXCEPT

A) individual and family characteristics.
B) community factors.
C) socio-cultural factors.
D) previous stressors.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an example of a protective factor according to the resilience perspective?

A) Being an ethnic minority
B) Attachment to others
C) Tolerance of negative affect
D) Participation in traditional practices

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an example of a personal construct?

A) I am smart.
B) I like eating apples.
C) The world is a dangerous place.
D) If you put your mind to it, you can do it.

Question 11

Language is an important factor in this process of making meaning of experiences because

A) people who cannot speak often do not experience things the same way as people who can speak.
B) meaning comes from what others tell you to believe.
C) one cannot have experiences without language.
D) the ways that people talk about themselves and their world influence their perceptions.

Question 12

Language is an important factor in this process of making meaning of experiences because

A) people who cannot speak often do not experience things the same way as people who can speak.
B) meaning comes from what others tell you to believe.
C) one cannot have experiences without language.
D) the ways that people talk about themselves and their world influence their perceptions.

Question 13

From an ecological perspective, if a client decides to engage regularly in cocaine use, her behavior would be considered

A) dysfunctional.
B) maladaptive.
C) sensible given the context.
D) acceptable.

Question 14

Some of the firmest constructs of the self are developed __________.

A) in vitro.
B) in childhood.
C) in adolescence.
D) individually.

Question 15

There is a direct correlation between empowerment and

A) level of participation.
B) independence.
C) happiness.
D) wealth.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of the ecological perspective?

A) Life stressors
B) Adaptations
C) Individuality
D) Person-environment fit

Question 17

When working with a client from a resilience perspective, the practitioner should explore

A) protective and risk factors, life challenges, and relationships.
B) relationships, context, and person-environment fit.
C) behavior, emotions, and constructs.
D) life challenges, risk factors, and institutionalized racism.

Question 18

The dual perspective views an individual as

A) having two or more identities.
B) either Euro-American or ethnic minority.
C) interacting and adapting to two surrounding systems or environments - the nurturing and sustaining environment
D) facing two life challenges in two areas - work and home.

Question 19

Constructs are often difficult to change because

A) individuals experience the ideas as truth.
B) people generally don't want to change.
C) there are no right or wrong constructs.
D) they are hard to identify.

Question 20

A practitioner works with the client to take control of circumstances, and develop aptitudes, strengths, and a sense of competence to be recognized as an equal. From which perspective is the practitioner operating?

A) Constructivist
B) Empowerment
C) Family systems
D) Strengths

Question 21

Briefly describe the internal and external components of empowerment. How might these components be addressed in treatment?

Question 22

The Constructivist practitioner works with clients to find out if there are exceptions to their negative constructs.

Question 23

Describe Appreciative Inquiry and give an example that is not already listed in the text.

Question 24

Euro-Americans tend to experience a _____ fit between the sustaining and nurturing environments; ethnic and racial groups tend to experience a ____ fit between them.

A) good; good
B) poor; poor
C) poor; good
D) good; poor

Question 25

A practitioner views a client's stealing as unacceptable behavior but understandable given the context. The practitioner is likely practicing from an)

A) constructivist perspective.
B) ecological perspective.
C) empowerment perspective.
D) dual perspective

Question 26

According to the ecological perspective, behaviors must be viewed as adaptations that change to improve the goodness of fit between the individual and their environment. Give three examples of behaviors and how their meanings change in different environments.

Question 27

The dual perspective recognizes that life is viewed differently by people in marginalized groups since culture maintains the dominant group's power by objectifying the "other."

Question 28

One of the tasks of practitioners using the resilience perspective is to have clients dwell on past failures since mistakes are windows of learning.

Question 29

Describe at least two ways to apply each of the perspectives to the following scenario: A client's excessive drinking 12 to 16 bottles of beer every evening with his drinking buddies) makes his wife angry, to the point that his wife is threatening to take the kids and leave him.

Question 30

A client is struggling with suicidal urges, though he has not engaged in any suicidal attempts. Using a strengths perspective, what might you focus on? What types of questions would you ask?