Deck 3: Probability

Question 1

Use the following sample data for the following questions. Biologists studying
the re-vegetation of two species of succulent plants in the South African desert
examined the number of plants that survived depending on whether they were
planted in multi-species clumps or planted alone. The following data resulted:

If one of the surviving succulent plants is randomly selected, find the probability of getting a surviving plant that was Species 2 or was planted alone.

Answer 1

.724

Question 2

Use the following information for the next questions. For 2003, the rate of
residential recycling in Delaware was reported as 130 per 1000 households.
If two households are randomly selected, find the probability that neither of them recycled.

Answer 2

.983

Question 3

Assume that having a child with brown eyes or blue eyes is equally likely and that
eye color is independent of the other children.
What is the probability of having 5 children with brown eyes?

Answer 3

.0313

Question 4

Select the pair of events that are dependent.

A) Consuming a 200 calorie candy bar each day for a week; Gaining weight
B) Taking a biostatistics course; Having a drink of water
C) Randomly selecting a red fox; Randomly selecting a bird
D) Randomly selecting someone with type A blood; Randomly selecting someone with type O blood

Question 5

Use the following sample data for the following questions. Biologists studying
the re-vegetation of two species of succulent plants in the South African desert
examined the number of plants that survived depending on whether they were
planted in multi-species clumps or planted alone. The following data resulted:

If one of the surviving succulent plants is randomly selected, find the probability of getting a surviving plant that was planted in a multi-species clump or was a Species 1 plant.

Question 6

Use the following sample data for the next questions. A study by Medtronic, a
manufacturer of a cardiac resynchronization device, on 813 patients with severe
heart failure yielded the following data:
Find the value of the absolute risk reduction for patients hospitalized or died in the drug therapy and the drugs with electrical cardiac device groups.

Question 7

Use the following sample data for the following questions. Biologists studying
the re-vegetation of two species of succulent plants in the South African desert
examined the number of plants that survived depending on whether they were
planted in multi-species clumps or planted alone. The following data resulted:

If one surviving plant is randomly selected, find the probability that it was a surviving plant that was planted in a multi-species clump, given that it was Species 1.

Question 8

According to the California Department of Health Services, 83% of Californians
over 25 are not obese.
If twenty Californians over 25 are randomly selected, what is the probability that all twenty are not obese?

Question 9

Use the following sample data for the next questions. A study by Medtronic, a
manufacturer of a cardiac resynchronization device, on 813 patients with severe
heart failure yielded the following data:
Find the odds ratio for patients hospitalized or died in the drug therapy group only compared to the drugs with electrical cardiac device group.

Question 10

Use the following information for the next questions. The project team for an
ecological survey of a coastline has eight members.
If members are assigned to responsibilities of Project Manager, FieldWork Manager, Budget Manager, and Report Manager, how many different possibilities exist?

Question 11

Use the following sample data for the following questions. Biologists studying
the re-vegetation of two species of succulent plants in the South African desert
examined the number of plants that survived depending on whether they were
planted in multi-species clumps or planted alone. The following data resulted:

If one of the surviving succulent plants is randomly selected, find the probability of getting a surviving plant that was planted in a multi-species clump.

Question 12

Use the following information for the next questions. For 2003, the rate of
residential recycling in Delaware was reported as 130 per 1000 households.
Find the probability that a randomly selected household recycled.

Question 13

Select the pair of events that are disjoint for a single trial.

A) Randomly selecting a dentist; Randomly selecting a female doctor
B) Randomly selecting a bird; Randomly selecting a bald eagle
C) Randomly selecting someone taking Vitamin E; Randomly selecting someone in a control group taking no supplements
D) Randomly selecting someone with type A blood; Randomly selecting someone with Rh negative blood

Question 14

Use the following sample data for the following questions. Biologists studying
the re-vegetation of two species of succulent plants in the South African desert
examined the number of plants that survived depending on whether they were
planted in multi-species clumps or planted alone. The following data resulted:

If two different surviving plants are randomly selected, find the probability that they both were planted alone.

Question 15

Use the following sample data for the following questions. Biologists studying
the re-vegetation of two species of succulent plants in the South African desert
examined the number of plants that survived depending on whether they were
planted in multi-species clumps or planted alone. The following data resulted:

If one surviving plant is randomly selected, find the probability that it was a surviving Species 1 plant, given that it was planted in a multi-species clump.

Question 16

Use the following information for the next questions. The project team for an
ecological survey of a coastline has eight members.
If four members are randomly selected for fieldwork, find the probability that the four most experienced members are selected.

Question 17

Use the following sample data for the following questions. Biologists studying
the re-vegetation of two species of succulent plants in the South African desert
examined the number of plants that survived depending on whether they were
planted in multi-species clumps or planted alone. The following data resulted:

If two different surviving plants are randomly selected, find the probability that they both were Species 1.

Question 18

Use the following sample data for the following questions. Biologists studying
the re-vegetation of two species of succulent plants in the South African desert
examined the number of plants that survived depending on whether they were
planted in multi-species clumps or planted alone. The following data resulted:

If one of the surviving succulent plants is randomly selected, find the probability of getting a surviving Species 1 plant.

Question 19

Select the complement of the event: All 50 participants in a study are bone marrow donors.

A) At least one of the participants is a bone marrow donor.
B) Less than 25 of the participants are bone marrow donors.
C) None of the participants are bone marrow donors.
D) More than 25 of the participants are bone marrow donors.

Question 20

In new data submitted to the FDA, Inamed, a manufacturer of silicone implants,
claimed the rupture rate for breast augmentation or cosmetic surgery, measured
by MRI scans after four years, was 3.4%.
If a group of four patients are randomly selected and scanned, what is the probability that there will be at least one patient with a ruptured implant?

Question 21

Use the following information for the next questions. The project team for
restoration of a wet prairie has ten members.
If members are assigned to responsibilities of Project Manager, Budget Manager, and Report Manager, how many different possibilities exist?

Question 22

Assume that getting a child with brown hair or blond hair is equally likely and
that hair color is independent of the other children.
What is the probability of getting 5 children with blond hair?

Question 23

Use the following information for the next questions. In a survey, the rate of
heavy smokers was reported as 270 per 1000 individuals.
If two individuals are randomly selected, find the probability that neither of them is a heavy smoker.

Question 24

According to the Center for Disability Studies, 88.1% of people ages 16 to 64 do
not have a condition that affects their ability to work at a job or business.
If fifteen people ages 16 to 64 are randomly selected, what is the probability that all fifteen do not have a condition that affects their ability to work at a job or business?

Question 25

Use the following information for the next questions. In a survey, the rate of
heavy smokers was reported as 270 per 1000 individuals.
Find the probability that a randomly selected individual is a heavy smoker.

Question 26

Use the following sample data for the following questions. In an experiment
to study the effect of Donepezil on individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's
disease, the following data was collected:
If two different individuals are randomly selected, find the probability that they both took a placebo.

Question 27

Select the pair of events that are disjoint for a single trial.

A) Randomly selecting a ophthalmologist; Randomly selecting a male doctor
B) Randomly selecting a bird; Randomly selecting a hummingbird
C) Randomly selecting someone taking Tylenol; Randomly selecting someone in a control group taking no medications
D) Randomly selecting someone with type O blood; Randomly selecting someone with Rh positive blood

Question 28

In new data submitted to the FDA, Mentor, a manufacturer of silicone implants,
claimed the rupture rate for breast augmentation or cosmetic surgery, measured
by MRI scans after four years, was .5%.
If a group of four patients are randomly selected and scanned, what is the probability that there will be at least one patient with a ruptured implant?

Question 29

Use the following sample data for the following questions. In an experiment
to study the effect of Donepezil on individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's
disease, the following data was collected:
If one of the individuals is randomly selected, find the probability of getting an individual who took Donepezil or who progressed to Alzheimer's.

Question 30

Use the following sample data for the following questions. In an experiment
to study the effect of Donepezil on individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's
disease, the following data was collected:
If two different individuals are randomly selected, find the probability that they both progressed to Alzheimer's.

Question 31

Use the following sample data for the next questions. Medical researchers, in a
three year study of Gardasil, a vaccine for the prevention of infection from four
types of Human Paplillomavirus, or HPV, on 552 women, ages 16 to 23, reported
the following data:
Find the value of the absolute risk reduction for women who developed the HPV infection in the treatment and placebo groups.

Question 32

Use the following sample data for the following questions. In an experiment
to study the effect of Donepezil on individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's
disease, the following data was collected:
If one individual is randomly selected, find the probability that they progressed to Alzheimer's, given that they took Donepezil.

Question 33

Use the following sample data for the following questions. In an experiment
to study the effect of Donepezil on individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's
disease, the following data was collected:
If one of the individuals is randomly selected, find the probability of getting an individual who progressed to Alzheimer's.

Question 34

Use the following sample data for the following questions. In an experiment
to study the effect of Donepezil on individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's
disease, the following data was collected:
If one of the individuals is randomly selected, find the probability of getting an individual who took Donepezil.

Question 35

Use the following sample data for the following questions. In an experiment
to study the effect of Donepezil on individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's
disease, the following data was collected:
If one individual is randomly selected, find the probability that they took Donepezil, given that they progressed to Alzheimer's.

Question 36

Use the following information for the next questions. The project team for
restoration of a wet prairie has ten members.
If three members are randomly selected for planting cordgrass, find the probability that the three youngest members are selected.

Question 37

Use the following sample data for the following questions. In an experiment
to study the effect of Donepezil on individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's
disease, the following data was collected:
If one of the individuals is randomly selected, find the probability of getting an individual who did not progress to Alzheimer's or who took a placebo.

Question 38

Select the pair of events that are dependent.

A) Consuming a 1400 calorie hamburger each day for a week; Gaining weight
B) Taking a Biostatistics course; Having brown hair
C) Randomly selecting a gray fox; Randomly selecting a fish
D) Randomly selecting someone with type O blood; Randomly selecting someone with type B blood

Question 39

Select the complement of the event: All 80 participants in a study are kidney donors.

A) At least one of the participants is a kidney donor.
B) Less than 40 of the participants are kidney donors.
C) None of the participants are kidney donors.
D) More than 40 of the participants are kidney donors.

Question 40

Use the following sample data for the next questions. Medical researchers, in a
three year study of Gardasil, a vaccine for the prevention of infection from four
types of Human Paplillomavirus, or HPV, on 552 women, ages 16 to 23, reported
the following data:
Find the odds ratio for patients who developed the HPV infection in the group given the placebo compared to group given the vaccine.