Deck 4: Ventilation

Question 1

If a patient has a tidal volume of 450 mL, what is the approximate alveolar volume?

A) 100 mL
B) 150 mL
C) 200 mL
D) 300 mL

Answer 1

300 mL

Question 2

What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in atmospheric air?

A) 0.228 mm Hg
B) 159 mm Hg
C) 47 mm Hg
D) 149 mm Hg

Answer 2

0.228 mm Hg

Question 3

V_E is the product of which of the following parameters?

A) V_T and V_C
B) V_D and f
C) V_T and f
D) V_D and V_T

Answer 3

V_T and f

Question 4

Normally, approximately what percentage of the V_E is dead-space ventilation?

A) 5% to 10%
B) 15% to 20%
C) 20% to 30%
D) 30% to 40%

Question 5

What is the approximate amount of anatomical dead space in normal adults?

A) 1 mL/pound IBW
B) 2 mL/pound IBW
C) 3 mL/pound IBW
D) 4 mL/pound IBW

Question 6

Which of the following gases is utilized in the measurement of V_Danat?

A) Carbon dioxide
B) Oxygen
C) Nitrogen
D) Carbogen

Question 7

Which of the following terms defines the conducting airways from the mouth and nose down to and including terminal bronchioles?

A) Physiological dead space
B) Anatomical dead space
C) Anatomical tidal volume
D) Gas exchange units

Question 8

Which of the following determine the PCO₂ of alveolar gas and thus the PCO₂ of the blood leaving the lung?
I.Metabolic CO₂ production per minute
II.VA
III.CO₂ rate of elimination
IV.pH

A) I, II, III
B) II, III
C) I, II, III, IV
D) II, III, IV

Question 9

What is the amount of CO₂ produced under normal resting conditions?

A) 50 mL
B) 100 mL
C) 150 mL
D) 200 mL

Question 10

If a VA of 5 L/min produces a P_ACO₂ of 40 mm Hg, a VA of 10 L/min will produce what level of PACO₂?

A) 80 mm Hg
B) 40 mm Hg
C) 20 mm Hg
D) 10 mm Hg

Question 11

A 55-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital in obvious respiratory distress.Her increased rate and depth of breathing have raised her minute ventilation from 10 to 15 L/min.Arterial blood gases show a normal P_aCO₂ of 40 mm Hg.It seems odd that this woman, with a minute ventilation this great, has a normal P_aCO₂.What is the explanation for this?

A) There is an increase in alveolar ventilation.
B) This change in minute ventilation has little impact on the PaCO2; therefore, P_aCO₂ is normal.
C) This patient's dead space has decreased.
D) A normal P_aCO₂ associated with high minute ventilation indicates that much of this patient's ventilation is not in contact with blood flow.

Question 12

Normally, approximately what percentage of the inspired VT remains in conducting airways, never reaching alveoli?

A) 5% to 10%
B) 15% to 20%
C) 20% to 30%
D) 30% to 40%

Question 13

What is the partial pressure of water vapor at 37°C and 100% relative humidity (RH)?

A) 0.228 mm Hg
B) 159 mm Hg
C) 47 mm Hg
D) 149 mm Hg

Question 14

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air?

A) 0.228 mm Hg
B) 159 mm Hg
C) 47 mm Hg
D) 149 mm Hg

Question 15

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the lung's airways?

A) 0.228 mm Hg
B) 159 mm Hg
C) 47 mm Hg
D) 149 mm Hg

Question 16

What happens to anatomical dead space if a patient is mechanically ventilated through a tracheostomy tube?

A) It is reduced.
B) It is increased.
C) It is unchanged if the cuff is inflated.
D) It is unchanged if fenestration has been done.

Question 17

Which technique allows a more precise measurement of V_Danat?

A) Dubowitz
B) Ballard's
C) Boyle's
D) Fowler

Question 18

The end-tidal PCO₂ is a reflection of which of the following?

A) Mixed-expired PCO₂
B) Mixed-inspired PCO₂
C) Alveolar gas composition
D) Arterial gas composition

Question 19

Which of the following terms describes the rise in P_aCO₂ above normal?

A) Normal ventilation
B) Hypocapnia
C) Hypercapnia
D) Acidosis

Question 20

Which of the following are characteristics of the anatomical dead space?
I.It changes when a part of a lung is surgically removed.
II.It increases when an artificial airway bypasses the upper airway.
III.It increases during deep inspiration.
IV.It increases with emphysema.

A) I, IV
B) II, III, IV
C) I, II, III, IV
D) II, IV

Question 21

Which of the following breathing patterns is a common signal of respiratory distress and possible ventilatory failure?

A) Rapid, shallow breathing
B) Tachypnea
C) Bradypnea
D) Dyspnea

Question 22

Gas exchange can be maintained with tidal volumes smaller than dead space and high frequencies.What type of ventilation can accomplish this?

A) Rapid, shallow, spontaneous breathing
B) High-frequency ventilation
C) Hyperventilation
D) Dead space ventilation

Question 23

Which of the following breathing patterns is the most efficient in improving alveolar ventilation?

A) Rapid, shallow breathing
B) Rapid, deep breathing
C) Slow, deep breathing
D) Slow, shallow breathing