Deck 1: Data Collection

Question 1

Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative.
the numbers on the shirts of a boyʹs football team

A) qualitative
B) quantitative

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative.
the number of calls received at a companyʹs help desk

A) quantitative
B) qualitative

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic.
A study of 3700 college students in the city of Pemblington found that 8% had been victims of violent crimes.

A) statistic
B) parameter

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A manufacturer of cellular phones has decided that an assembly line is operating satisfactorily if less than 0.05% of the phones produced per day are defective. To check the quality of a dayʹs production, the companydecides to randomly
Sample 10 phones from a dayʹs production to test for defects. Define the population ofinterest to the manufacturer.

A) all the phones produced during the day in question
B) the 10 phones sampled and tested
C) the 10 responses: defective or not defective
D) the 0.05% of the phones that are defective

Question 5

Which of the following is not true of statistics?

A) Statistics is used to answer questions with 100% certainty.
B) Statistics involves collecting and summarizing data.
C) Statistics can be used to organize and analyze information.
D) Statistics is used to draw conclusions using data.

Question 6

Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative.
the number of seats in a school auditorium

A) quantitative
B) qualitative

Question 7

Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative.
the bank account numbers of the students in a class

A) qualitative
B) quantitative

Question 8

Parking at a large university has become a very big problem. University administrators are interested indetermining the average parking time (e.g. the time it takes a student to find a parking spot) of its students. Anadministrator inconspicuously followed 180 students and carefully recorded their parking times. Identify thesample of interest to the university administration.

A) parking times of the 180 students
B) parking time of a student
C) location of the parking spot
D) type of car (import or domestic)

Question 9

Which branch of statistics deals with the organization and summarization of collected information?

A) Descriptive statistics
B) Inferential statistics
C) Survey design
D) Computational statistics

Question 10

A recent study attempted to estimate the proportion of Florida residents who were willing to spend more taxdollars on protecting the Florida beaches from environmental disasters. Forty-two hundred Florida residentswere surveyed. Which of the following is the population used in the study?

A) all Florida residents
B) the 4200 Florida residents surveyed
C) the Florida residents who were willing to spend more tax dollars on protecting the beaches from environmental disasters
D) all Florida residents who lived along the beaches

Question 11

The legal profession conducted a study to determine the percentage of cardiologists who had been sued formalpractice in the last three years. The sample was randomly chosen from a national directory of doctors.Identify the individuals in the study.

A) each cardiologist selected from the directory
B) the responses: have been sued/have not been sued for malpractice in the last three years
C) the doctorʹs area of expertise (i.e., cardiology, pediatrics, etc.)
D) all cardiologists in the directory

Question 12

Administrators at a large university want to know the average debt incurred by their graduates. Surveys weremailed to 150 graduating seniors asking them to report their total student loan debt. Identify the population,sample, and individuals in the study.

Question 13

Mark retired from competitive athletics last year. In his career as a sprinter he had competed in the 100 -metersevent a total of 328 times. His average time for these 328 races was 10.25 seconds.

A) parameter
B) statistic

Question 14

Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic.
Telephone interviews of 372 employees of a large electronics company found that 65% were dissatisfied withtheir working conditions.

A) statistic
B) parameter

Question 15

Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic.
The average age of the 65 students in Ms. Hopeʹs political science class is 21 years 7 months.

A) parameter
B) statistic

Question 16

Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic.
In a survey conducted in the town of Atherton, 25% of adult respondents reported that they had been involvedin at least one car accident in the past ten years.

A) statistic
B) parameter

Question 17

Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic.
51.5% of the residents of Idlington Garden City are female.

A) parameter
B) statistic

Question 18

Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative.
the colors of book covers on a bookshelf

A) qualitative
B) quantitative

Question 19

Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic.
28.2% of the mayors of cities in a certain state are from minority groups.

A) parameter
B) statistic

Question 20

Parking at a large university has become a very big problem. University administrators are interested indetermining the average parking time (e.g. the time it takes a student to find a parking spot) of its students. Anadministrator inconspicuously followed 120 students and carefully recorded their parking times. Identify thepopulation of interest to the university administration.

A) the parking times of the entire set of students that park at the university
B) the parking times of the 120 students from whom the data were collected
C) the entire set of faculty, staff, and students that park at the university
D) the students that park at the university between 9 and 10 AM on Wednesdays

Question 21

Classify the following random variable: telephone area codes

A) qualitative data
B) experimental data
C) quantitative continuous data
D) quantitative discrete data

Question 22

Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative.
the weights of cases loaded onto an airport conveyor belt

A) quantitative
B) qualitative

Question 23

Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous.
The peak shopping time at a pet store is between 8-11:00 am on Saturday mornings. Management at the petstore randomly selected 65 customers last Saturday morning and decided to observe their shopping habits.They recorded the number of items that a sample of the customers purchased as well as the total time thecustomers spent in the store. Identify the types of variables recorded by the pet store.

A) number of items - discrete; total time - continuous
B) number of items - continuous; total time - continuous
C) number of items - continuous; total time - discrete
D) number of items - discrete; total time - discrete

Question 24

Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous.
the age of the oldest employee in the data processing department

A) continuous
B) discrete

Question 25

Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous.
The number of violent crimes committed in a city on a given day in a random sample of 110 days is a__________ random variable.

A) discrete
B) continuous

Question 26

Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous.
the speed of a car on a Boston tollway during rush hour traffic

A) continuous
B) discrete

Question 27

A bicycle manufacturer produces four different bicycle models. Information is summarized in the table below: Identify the variables and determine whether each variable is quantitative or qualitative.

A) series number: qualitative; weight: quantitative; style: qualitative
B) series number: quantitative; weight: quantitative; style: qualitative
C) series number: quantitative; weight: qualitative; style: qualitative
D) series number: qualitative; weight: qualitative; style: qualitative

Question 28

Quantitative variables classify individuals in a sample according to

A) numerical measure.
B) physical attribute.
C) personality characteristic.
D) exhibited trait.

Question 29

Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous.
the number of pills in an aspirin bottle

A) discrete
B) continuous

Question 30

Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous.
the low temperature in degrees Fahrenheit on January 1st in Cheyenne, Wyoming

A) continuous
B) discrete

Question 31

Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous.
the number of bottles of juice sold in a cafeteria during lunch

A) discrete
B) continuous

Question 32

A student is asked to rate a guest speakerʹs ability to communicate on a scale of poor-average-good-excellent.The student is to fill in a corresponding circle on a bubble form. This is an example of collecting what type ofdata?

A) qualitative
B) continuous
C) discrete
D) insightful

Question 33

Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative.
the native languages of students in an English class

A) qualitative
B) quantitative Solve the problem.

Question 34

Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous.
the cholesterol levels of a group of adults the day after Thanksgiving

A) continuous
B) discrete

Question 35

An international relations professor is supervising four masterʹs students. Information about the students issummarized in the table. Identify the variables and determine whether each variable is quantitative or qualitative.

A) student number: qualitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: quantitative
B) student number: quantitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: quantitative
C) student number: quantitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: qualitative
D) student number: qualitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: qualitative

Question 36

Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous.
the number of phone calls to the police department on any given day

A) discrete
B) continuous

Question 37

Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous.
the weight of a player on the wrestling team

A) continuous
B) discrete

Question 38

Determine the level of measurement of the variable.
the musical instrument played by a music student

A) nominal
B) ratio
C) ordinal
D) interval

Question 39

Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous.
the number of goals scored in a hockey game

A) discrete
B) continuous

Question 40

Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative.
the temperatures of cups of coffee served at a restaurant

A) quantitative
B) qualitative

Question 41

Determine the level of measurement of the variable.
ranking (first place, second place, etc.) of contestants in a singing competition

A) ordinal
B) ratio
C) nominal
D) interval

Question 42

Determine the level of measurement of the variable.
an officerʹs rank in the military

A) ordinal
B) ratio
C) nominal
D) interval

Question 43

Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment
A pollster obtains a sample of students and asks them how they will vote on an upcoming referendum.

A) observational study
B) experiment

Question 44

Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment
A scientist was studying the effects of a new fertilizer on crop yield. She randomly assigned half of the plots ona farm to group one and the remaining plots to group two. On the plots in group one, the new fertilizer wasused for a year. On the plots in group two, the old fertilizer was used. At the end of the year the average cropyield for the plots in group one was compared with the average crop yield for the plots in group two.

A) experiment
B) observational study

Question 45

Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment
A researcher obtained a random sample of 100 smokers and a random sample of 100 nonsmokers. Afterinterviewing all 200 participants in the study, the researcher compared the rate of depression among thesmokers with the rate of depression among nonsmokers.

A) observational study
B) experiment

Question 46

Determine the level of measurement of the variable.
weight of rice bought by a customer

A) ratio
B) interval
C) nominal
D) ordinal

Question 47

Determine the level of measurement of the variable.
capacity of a backpack

A) ratio
B) interval
C) nominal
D) ordinal

Question 48

Determine the level of measurement of the variable.
category of storm (gale, hurricane, etc.)

A) ordinal
B) ratio
C) nominal
D) interval

Question 49

Determine the level of measurement of the variable.
a studentʹs favorite sport

A) nominal
B) ratio
C) ordinal
D) interval

Question 50

Determine the level of measurement of the variable.
the year of manufacture of a car

A) interval
B) ratio
C) nominal
D) ordinal

Question 51

Determine the level of measurement of the variable.
the medal received (gold, silver, bronze) by an Olympic gymnast

A) ordinal
B) ratio
C) nominal
D) interval

Question 52

Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment
A medical researcher obtains a sample of adults suffering from diabetes. She randomly assigns 95 people to atreatment group and 95 to a placebo group. The treatment group receives a medication over a period of threemonths and the placebo group receives a placebo over the same time frame. At the end of three months thepatientsʹ symptoms are evaluated.

A) experiment
B) observational study

Question 53

Determine the level of measurement of the variable.
an evaluation received by a physics student (excellent, good, satisfactory, or poor).

A) ordinal
B) ratio
C) nominal
D) interval

Question 54

Determine the level of measurement of the variable.
the native language of a tourist

A) nominal
B) ratio
C) ordinal
D) interval

Question 55

Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment
The personnel director at a large company would like to determine whether the company cafeteria is widelyused by employees. She calls each employee and asks them whether they usually bring their own lunch, eat atthe company cafeteria, or go out for lunch.

A) observational study
B) experiment

Question 56

True or False: Observational studies are not as useful as experiments to learn about the characteristics of apopulation.

Question 57

Determine the level of measurement of the variable.
time spent playing basketball

A) ratio
B) interval
C) nominal
D) ordinal

Question 58

Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment
A poll is conducted in which professional musicians are asked their ages.

A) observational study
B) experiment

Question 59

Determine the level of measurement of the variable.
the day of the month

A) interval
B) ratio
C) nominal
D) ordinal

Question 60

Determine the level of measurement of the variable.
height of a tree

A) ratio
B) interval
C) nominal
D) ordinal

Question 61

Identify the type of sampling used.
A travel industry researcher interviews all of the passengers on five randomly selected cruises. What samplingtechnique is used?

A) cluster
B) simple random
C) convenience
D) systematic
E) stratified

Question 62

Identify the type of sampling used.
Based on 9000 responses from 26,500 questionnaires sent to all its members, a major medical associationestimated that the annual salary of its members was $99,000 per year. What sampling technique was used?

A) simple random
B) stratified
C) cluster
D) convenience
E) systematic

Question 63

Identify the type of sampling used.
A writer for an art magazine randomly selects and interviews fifty male and fifty female artists. What samplingtechnique is used?

A) stratified
B) simple random
C) cluster
D) convenience
E) systematic

Question 64

The city council of a small town needs to determine if the townʹs residents will support the building of a newlibrary. The council decides to conduct a survey of a sample of the townʹs residents. Which one of the followingprocedures would be most appropriate for obtaining a sample of the townʹs residents?

A) Survey a random sample of persons within each neighborhood of the town.
B) Survey a random sample of librarians who live in the town.
C) Survey 500 individuals who are randomly selected from a list of all people living in the state in which the town is located.
D) Survey every 7th person who enters the old library on a given day.

Question 65

The top 38 cities in Wisconsin as determined by population are given below. Select a random sample of fourcities from the list below using the two digit list of random numbers provided. Begin with the uppermost leftrandom number and proceed down each column. When a column is complete, use the numbers at the top ofthe next right column and proceed down that column. Information was obtained from the web sitehttp://www.citypopulation.de/USA-Wisconsin.html.

A) Manitowoc, La Crosse, Franklin, Oshkosh.
B) Manitowoc, Appleton, Greenfield, Fond du Lac.
C) Milwaukee, Madison, Green Bay, Kenosha.
D) Milwaukee, Eau Claire, New Berlin, West Bend.

Question 66

Identify the type of sampling used.
Thirty-five math majors, 29 music majors and 26 history majors are randomly selected from 585 math majors,279 music majors and 393 history majors at the state university. What sampling technique is used?

A) stratified
B) simple random
C) cluster
D) convenience
E) systematic

Question 67

Determine what type of observational study is described. Explain.
A researcher wanted to determine whether women with children are more likely to develop anxiety disordersthan women without children. She selected a sample of 900 twenty-year old women and followed them for atwenty-year period. At the start of the study, none of the women had children. By the end of the study 53% ofthe women had at least one child. The level of anxiety of each participant was evaluated at the beginning andat the end of the study and the increase (or decrease) in anxiety was recorded. The researchers analyzed theresults to determine whether there was an association between anxiety and having children.

A) cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time.
B) cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.
C) retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time.

Question 68

Determine what type of observational study is described. Explain.
Researchers wanted to determine whether there was an association between high blood pressure and thesuppression of emotions. The researchers looked at 1800 adults enrolled in a Health Initiative ObservationalStudy. Each person was interviewed and asked about their response to emotions. In particular they were askedwhether their tendency was to express or to hold in anger and other emotions. The degree of suppression ofemotions was rated on a scale of 1 to 10. Each personʹs blood pressure was also measured. The researchersanalyzed the results to determine whether there was an association between high blood pressure and thesuppression of emotions.

A) cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.
B) cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time.
C) retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time.

Question 69

True or False: Experiments assist the researcher in isolating the causes of the relationships that exist betweentwo variables.

Question 70

Identify the type of sampling used.
A statistics student interviews everyone in his apartment building to determine who owns a cell phone. Whatsampling technique is used?

A) convenience
B) simple random
C) cluster
D) systematic
E) stratified

Question 71

Determine what type of observational study is described. Explain.
Vitamin D is important for the metabolism of calcium and exposure to sunshine is an important source ofvitamin D. A researcher wanted to determine whether osteoperosis was associated with a lack of exposure tosunshine. He selected a sample of 250 women with osteoperosis and an equal number of women withoutosteoperosis. The two groups were matched - in other words they were similar in terms of age, diet,occupation, and exercise levels. Histories on exposure to sunshine over the previous twenty years wereobtained for all women. The total number of hours that each woman had been exposed to sunshine in theprevious twenty years was estimated. The amount of exposure to sunshine was compared for the two groups.

A) retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time
B) cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.
C) cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time.

Question 72

The policy committee at State University has 6 members: LaToyna, Ming, Jose, John, Prof. Rise, andDr. Hernandez. A subcommittee of two members must be formed to investigate the visitation policy in thedormitories. List all possible simple random samples of size 2.

A) LaToyna and Ming, LaToyna and Jose, LaToyna and John, LaToyna and Prof. Rise, LaToyna and Dr. Hernandez, Ming and Jose, Ming and John, Ming and Prof. Rise, Ming and Dr. Hernandez, Jose and
John, Jose and Prof. Rise, Jose and Dr. Hernandez, John and Prof. Rise, John and Dr. Hernandez,
Prof. Rise and Dr. Hernandez
B) LaToyna and Ming, Jose and John, Prof. Rise and Dr. Hernandez
C) LaToyna and Ming, Ming and Jose, Jose and John, John and Prof. Rise, Prof. Rise and Dr. Hernandez
D) LaToyna and Ming, LaToyna and Jose, LaToyna and John, LaToyna and Prof. Rise, LaToyna and Dr. Hernandez

Question 73

The government of a town needs to determine if the cityʹs residents will support the construction of a newtown hall. The government decides to conduct a survey of a sample of the cityʹs residents. Which one of thefollowing procedures would be most appropriate for obtaining a sample of the townʹs residents?

A) Survey a random sample of persons within each geographic region of the city.
B) Survey a random sample of employees at the old city hall.
C) Survey every 7th person who walks into city hall on a given day.
D) Survey the first 300 people listed in the townʹs telephone directory.

Question 74

Select a random sample of five state capitals from the list below using the two digit list of random numbersprovided. Begin with the uppermost left random number and proceed down each column. When a column iscomplete, use the numbers at the top of the next right column and proceed down that column.State Capitals

A) Springfield, IL; Atlanta,GA; Providence, RI; Santa Fe, NM; Columbus OH.
B) Springfield, IL; Des Moines, IA; Boston, MA; Santa Fe, NM; Columbus OH.
C) Carson City NV; Boise ID; Atlanta, GA; Cheyenne, WY; Boston, MA.
D) Boston, MA; Concord, NH; Dover DE; Santa Fe, NM; Richmond, VA.

Question 75

Identify the type of sampling used.
A lobbyist for the oil industry assigns a number to each senator and then uses a computer to randomlygenerate ten numbers. The lobbyist contacts the senators corresponding to these numbers. What samplingtechnique was used?

A) simple random
B) convenience
C) cluster
D) stratified
E) systematic

Question 76

Identify the type of sampling used.
At a local technical school, five auto repair classes are randomly selected and all of the students from each classare interviewed. What sampling technique is used?

A) cluster
B) simple random
C) convenience
D) systematic
E) stratified

Question 77

Determine what type of observational study is described. Explain.
Can money buy happiness? A researcher wanted to determine whether there was any association betweeneconomic status and happiness. She selected a sample of 1000 adults and interviewed them. Each person wasasked about their financial situation and their level of happiness was evaluated. The researcher analyzed theresults to determine whether there was an association between economic status and happiness.

A) cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.
B) cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time.
C) retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time.

Question 78

Determine what type of observational study is described. Explain.
Researchers wanted to determine whether there was an association between city driving and stomach ulcers.They selected a sample of 900 young adults and followed them for a twenty-year period. At the start of thestudy none of the participants was suffering from a stomach ulcer. Each person kept track of the number ofhours per week they spent driving in city traffic. At the end of the study each participant underwent tests todetermine whether they were suffering from a stomach ulcer. The researchers analyzed the results todetermine whether there was an association between city driving and stomach ulcers.

A) cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time.
B) cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time.
C) retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time.

Question 79

Identify the type of sampling used.
Every fifth adult entering an airport is checked for extra security screening. What sampling technique is used?

A) systematic
B) simple random
C) cluster
D) convenience
E) stratified

Question 80

Identify the type of sampling used.
In a recent online survey, participants were asked to answer ʺyesʺ or ʺnoʺ to the question ʺAre you in favor ofstricter gun control?ʺ 6571 responded ʺyesʺ while 4137 responded ʺnoʺ. There was a fifty-cent charge for thecall. What sampling technique was used?

A) convenience
B) simple random
C) cluster
D) stratified
E) systematic