Deck 23: Light: Geometric Optics

Question 1

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Radio waves are diffracted by large objects such as buildings, whereas light is not noticeably diffracted. Why is this?

A) Radio waves are unpolarized, whereas light is normally polarized.
B) The wavelength of light is much greater than the wavelength of radio waves.
C) Radio waves are polarized, whereas light is usually unpolarized.
D) The wavelength of light is much smaller than the wavelength of radio waves.
E) Radio waves are coherent and light is usually not coherent.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
If a sheet containing a single thin slit is heated (without damaging it) and therefore expands, what happens to the width of the central bright diffraction region on a distant screen?

A) It gets wider.
B) It gets narrower.
C) It doesn't change.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
If a sheet containing two very thin slits is heated (without damaging it), what happens to the angular location of the first-order interference minimum?

A) It moves toward the centerline.
B) It doesn't change.
C) It moves away from the centerline.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Monochromatic coherent light shines through a pair of slits. If the distance between these slits is decreased, which of the following statements are true of the resulting interference pattern? (There
Could be more than one correct choice.)

A) The distance between the minima stays the same.
B) The distance between the maxima increases.
C) The distance between the minima increases.
D) The distance between the maxima decreases.
E) The distance between the maxima stays the same.

Question 5

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
What do we mean when we say that two light rays striking a screen are in phase with each other?

A) They alternately reinforce and cancel each other.
B) They are traveling at the same speed.
C) They have the same wavelength.
D) When the electric field due to one is a maximum, the electric field due to the other is also a maximum, and this relation is maintained as time passes.

Question 6

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Two beams of coherent light start out at the same point in phase and travel different paths to arrive at point P. If the maximum constructive interference is to occur at point P, the two beams
Must travel paths that differ by

A) a whole number of wavelengths.
B) a whole number of half-wavelengths.
C) an odd number of half-wavelengths.

Question 7

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Two beams of coherent light start out at the same point in phase and travel different paths to arrive at point P. If the maximum destructive interference is to occur at point P, the two beams
Must travel paths that differ by

A) an odd number of half-wavelengths.
B) a whole number of wavelengths.
C) a whole number of half-wavelengths.

Question 8

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
When light travels from air into water,

A) its frequency changes, but its velocity and wavelength do not change.
B) its velocity, wavelength and frequency all change.
C) its wavelength changes, but its velocity and frequency do not change.
D) its velocity changes, but its frequency and wavelength do not change.
E) its velocity and wavelength change, but its frequency does not change.

Question 9

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Monochromatic coherent light shines through a pair of slits. If the wavelength of the light is decreased, which of the following statements are true of the resulting interference pattern? (There
Could be more than one correct choice.)

A) The distance between the minima increases.
B) The distance between the maxima stays the same.
C) The distance between the minima decreases.
D) The distance between the minima stays the same.
E) The distance between the maxima decreases.

Question 10

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A single-slit diffraction pattern is formed on a distant screen. Assuming the angles involved are small, by what factor will the width of the central bright spot on the screen change if the slit width
Is doubled?

A) It will become four times as large.
B) It will be cut in half.
C) It will double.
D) It will be cut to one-quarter its original size.
E) It will become eight times as large.

Question 11

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A single-slit diffraction pattern is formed on a distant screen. Assuming the angles involved are small, by what factor will the width of the central bright spot on the screen change if the
Wavelength of the illuminating light is doubled?

A) It will be cut in half.
B) It will be cut to one-quarter its original size.
C) It will become eight times as large.
D) It will become four times as large.
E) It will double.

Question 12

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
What principle is responsible for light spreading as it passes through a narrow slit?

A) diffraction
B) polarization
C) dispersion
D) refraction

Question 13

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
If a sheet containing a single slit is heated (without damaging it) and therefore expands, what happens to the angular location of the first-order diffraction minimum?

A) It moves away from the centerline.
B) It moves toward the centerline.
C) It doesn't change.

Question 14

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Two light sources are said to be coherent if they are

A) of the same frequency, and maintain a constant phase difference.
B) of the same amplitude, and maintain a constant phase difference.
C) of the same frequency.
D) of the same frequency and amplitude.

Question 15

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
If unpolarized light of intensity I0 passes through an ideal polarizer, what is the intensity of the emerging light? A) $I _ { 0 } / 16$
B) $I _ { 0 } / 4$
C) $I _ { 0 } / 2$
D) $I _ { 0 }$
Е) $I _ { 0 } / \sqrt { 2 }$

Question 16

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
In a double-slit experiment, it is observed that the distance between adjacent maxima on a remote screen is 1.0 cm. What happens to the distance between adjacent maxima when the slit separation
Is cut in half?

A) It decreases to 0.25 cm.
B) It increases to 2.0 cm.
C) It decreases to 0.50 cm.
D) It increases to 4.0 cm.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 17

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
For a beam of light, the direction of polarization is defined as

A) the direction of the magnetic field's vibration.
B) the beam's direction of travel.
C) the direction that is perpendicular to both the electric and magnetic field vectors.
D) the direction of the electric field's vibration.

Question 18

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
In a single-slit diffraction experiment, the width of the slit through which light passes is reduced. What happens to the width of the central bright fringe in the resulting diffraction pattern?

A) It becomes narrower.
B) It becomes wider.
C) It stays the same.

Question 19

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
In a double-slit interference experiment you are asked to use laser light of different wavelengths and determine the separation between adjacent maxima. You observe that this separation is
Greatest when you illuminate the double slit with

A) yellow light.
B) red light.
C) blue light.
D) green light.
E) The separation is the same for all wavelengths.

Question 20

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A double-slit interference experiment is performed in the air. Later, the same apparatus is immersed in benzene (which has an index of refraction of 1.50), and the experiment is repeated.
When the apparatus is in benzene, you observe that the interference fringes are

A) equally spaced as when the apparatus is in air.
B) more closely spaced than when the apparatus is in air.
C) more widely spaced than when the apparatus is in air.

Question 21

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
As shown in the figure, the orientation of the transmission axis for each of three ideal polarizing sheets is labeled relative to the vertical direction. A beam of light, polarized in the vertical direction, is incident on the first polarizer with an intensity of $1.00 \mathrm {~kW} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }$ . What is the intensity of the beam after it has passed through the three polarizing sheets when $\theta _ { 1 } = 30 ^ { \circ } , \theta _ { 2 } = 30 ^ { \circ }$ , and $\theta _ { 3 } =$ $60 ^ { \circ }$ ?

A) $433 \mathrm {~W} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }$
B) $141 \mathrm {~W} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }$
C) $316 \mathrm {~W} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }$
D) $563 \mathrm {~W} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }$
E) $188 \mathrm {~W} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }$

Question 22

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
When a beam of light, originally traveling in air, enters a piece of glass having an index of refraction of $3 / 2$ , its speed

A) is reduced to $2 / 3$ its original value.
B) increases by a factor of $3 / 2$ .
C) is unaffected.

Question 23

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
When a beam of light that is traveling in air is reflected by a glass surface, there is A) a $45 ^ { \circ }$ phase change in the reflected beam.
B) a $180 ^ { \circ }$ phase change in the reflected beam.
C) a $90 ^ { \circ }$ phase change in the reflected beam.
D) no phase change in the reflected beam.
E) a $60 ^ { \circ }$ phase change in the reflected beam.

Question 24

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
If a diffraction grating is heated (without damaging it) and therefore expands, what happens to the angular location of the first-order maximum?

A) It doesn't change.
B) It moves away from the centerline.
C) It moves toward the centerline.

Question 25

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Which of the following changes would increase the separation between the bright fringes in the diffraction pattern formed by a diffraction grating?

A) Increase the separation between the slits.
B) Immerse the apparatus in water.
C) Increase the wavelength of the light used.
D) All of these.
E) None of these.

Question 26

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
The colors on an oil slick are caused by reflection and

A) polarization.
B) diffraction.
C) ionization.
D) refraction.
E) interference.

Question 27

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
When a beam of light, originally traveling in air, enters a piece of glass having an index of refraction of $3 / 2$ , its frequency

A) increases by a factor of $3 / 2$ .
B) is unaffected.
C) is reduced to $2 / 3$ its original value.

Question 28

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Unpolarized light of intensity $I _ { 0 }$ passed through an ideal polarizing sheet with its polarizing axis at the 12 o'clock position and then through a second ideal sheet with its polarizing axis at the 1 o'clock position. What is the intensity of the emerging light in terms of $I _ { 0 }$ ?

Question 29

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
The following items are positioned in sequence: A source of a beam of natural light of intensity $I _ { 0 }$ , three ideal polarizers A, B, and C; and an observer. Polarizer axis angles are measured clockwise from the vertical, as viewed by the observer. The axis angle of polarizer $A$ is set at $0 ^ { \circ }$ (vertical), and the axis angle of polarizer $C$ is set at $50 ^ { \circ }$ . Polarizer $B$ is set so that the beam intensity is zero at the observer. What are the two possible axis angle settings (less than $180 ^ { \circ }$ ) of polarizer B?

A) $90 ^ { \circ }$ and $140 ^ { \circ }$
B) $40 ^ { \circ }$ and $130 ^ { \circ }$
C) $40 ^ { \circ }$ and $90 ^ { \circ }$
D) $40 ^ { \circ }$ and $140 ^ { \circ }$
E) $90 ^ { \circ }$ and $130 ^ { \circ }$

Question 30

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Three ideal polarizers are oriented as follows: The axis of the second polarizer is at an angle of $59.0 ^ { \circ }$ relative to the first one. The axis of the third polarizer is at an angle of $31.0 ^ { \circ }$ relative to the second one, so the axis of the axis of the third polarizer is perpendicular to the axis of the first one. Unpolarized light of intensity $18.6 \mathrm {~W} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }$ is incident on the first polarizer.
(a) What is the intensity of the light after it passes through all three polarizers?
(b) What is the intensity of the transmitted light if the second polarizer is removed?

Question 31

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Light in a frozen block of ice reflects off the ice-air interface at the surface of the block. What phase shift does it undergo? A) $270 ^ { \circ }$
B) $0 ^ { \circ }$
C) $180 ^ { \circ }$
D) $90 ^ { \circ }$
E) It does not undergo any phase shift.

Question 32

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
An ideal polarizer with its transmission axis rotated $30 ^ { \circ }$ to the vertical is placed in a beam of unpolarized light of intensity $10 \mathrm {~W} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }$ . After passing through the polarizer, what is intensity of the beam?

A) $2.5 \mathrm {~W} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }$
B) $8.7 \mathrm {~W} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }$
C) $5.0 \mathrm {~W} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }$
D) $7.5 \mathrm {~W} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }$
E) $10 \mathrm {~W} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }$

Question 33

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
When a beam of light, originally traveling in air, enters a piece of glass having an index of refraction of $3 / 2$ , its wavelength

A) is unaffected.
B) increases by a factor of $3 / 2$ .
C) is reduced to $2 / 3$ its original value.

Question 34

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Unpolarized light of intensity $I _ { 0 }$ passes through four ideal polarizing sheets. The polarizing angle of each sheet is rotated $30 ^ { \circ }$ from the one before it, so that the last sheet is aligned at $90 ^ { \circ }$ to the first sheet. What is the intensity of the light emerging from the fourth sheet in terms of $I _ { 0 }$ ?

Question 35

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
When a light wave enters into a medium of different refractive index,

A) only its frequency and wavelength change.
B) only its speed and frequency change.
C) its speed, frequency, and wavelength change.
D) only its speed and wavelength change.

Question 36

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Light reflects off the surface of Lake Superior. What phase shift does it undergo? A) $180 ^ { \circ }$
B) $0 ^ { \circ }$
C) $90 ^ { \circ }$
D) $270 ^ { \circ }$
E) It does not undergo any phase shift.

Question 37

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
The following items are positioned in sequence: A source of a beam of natural light of intensity $I _ { 0 }$ , three ideal polarizers A, B, and $\mathrm { C }$ ; and an observer. Polarizer axis angles are measured clockwise from the vertical, as viewed by the observer. The axis angle of polarizer $\mathrm { A }$ is set at $0 ^ { \circ }$ (vertical), and the axis angle of polarizer $C$ is set at $50 ^ { \circ }$ . Polarizer $B$ is set so that the beam intensity at the observer is a maximum. What is the axis angle settings of polarizer B?

A) $75 ^ { \circ }$
B) $0 ^ { \circ }$
C) $100 ^ { \circ }$
D) $25 ^ { \circ }$
E) $50 ^ { \circ }$

Question 38

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Light passes through three ideal polarizing sheets. Unpolarized light enters the first sheet and the resultant vertically polarized beam continues through the second sheet and third sheet. The second sheet has its transmission axis at $50 ^ { \circ }$ with respect to the first sheet, and the third sheet is at $70 ^ { \circ }$ with respect to the first sheet.
(a) What percent of the original intensity emerges from filter #1?
(b) What percent of the original intensity emerges from filter #2?
(c) What percent of the original intensity emerges from filter #3?

Question 39

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
When a beam of light that is traveling in glass strikes an air boundary at the surface of the glass, there is A) a $60 ^ { \circ }$ phase change in the reflected beam.
B) a $180 ^ { \circ }$ phase change in the reflected beam.
C) no phase change in the reflected beam.
D) a $90 ^ { \circ }$ phase change in the reflected beam.
E) a $45 ^ { \circ }$ phase change in the reflected beam.

Question 40

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Light of the same wavelength passes through two diffraction gratings. One grating has 4000 lines/cm, and the other one has 6000 lines/cm. Which grating will spread the light through a larger
Angle in the first-order pattern?

A) the 4000-line grating
B) the 6000-line grating
C) Both gratings spread the light the same.

Question 41

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
The critical angle for an air-glass interface is 42.6°. A light ray in air hits the interface, and the reflected ray is 100% polarized. What is the angle of refraction for that ray? A) $65.7 ^ { \circ }$
B) $47.4 ^ { \circ }$
C) $34.1 ^ { \circ }$
D) $55.9 ^ { \circ }$
E) $24.3 ^ { \circ }$

Question 42

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Red light with a wavelength of 650 nm travels from air into a liquid with an index of 1.33.
What are the frequency and wavelength of the light in the liquid? $$\left( c = 3.0 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s } \right)$$

Question 43

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Unpolarized light passes through a combination of two ideal polarizers. The transmission axes of the first polarizer and the second polarizer are at 30.0° to each other. What percentage of the
Original light gets through the combination? A) $75 \%$
B) $50 \%$
C) $100 \%$
D) $37.5 \%$

Question 44

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Unpolarized light is incident upon two ideal polarizing filters that do not have their transmission axes aligned. If 19% of the light passes through this combination, what is the angle between the
Transmission axes of the two filters? A) $72 ^ { \circ }$
B) $0 ^ { \circ }$
C) $0 ^ { \circ }$
D) $52 ^ { \circ }$

Question 45

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Light of intensity S0 that is polarized horizontally passes through three ideal polarizers. The first and third are horizontal, but the second one is oriented at 0.39270 rad to the horizontal. In terms of
S0, the intensity of the light that passes through the set of polarizers is closest to which one of the
Following choices?

A) 0.125 S0
B) 0.854 S0
C) 0.729 S0
D) 0.427 S0

Question 46

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Find Brewster's angle for light in air that is reflected from the top of a water surface. The index of refraction of the water is 1.33. A) $53.1 ^ { \circ }$
B) $90.0 ^ { \circ }$
C) $56.3 ^ { \circ }$
D) $36.9 ^ { \circ }$
E) $60.2 ^ { \circ }$

Question 47

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Light of wavelength $550 \mathrm {~nm}$ in air is found to travel at $1.96 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s }$ in a certain liquid. ( $c$ $= 3.0 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s }$ )
(a) What is the index of refraction of this liquid?
(b) What is the frequency of the light in air?

Question 48

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
A light beam having a wavelength of $470 \mathrm {~nm}$ in air is directed into glycerine at an angle of $75.0 ^ { \circ }$ with the normal in air. Glycerine has a refractive index of $1.47 . \left( c = 3.0 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s } \right)$
(a) What are the frequency and wavelength of the light in the glycerine?
(b) What angle does the light beam make with the normal in the glycerine?

Question 49

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
When light in air strikes the flat surface of a certain glass at 31.2° with the normal, the reflected ray is 100 percent polarized. What is the critical angle for the air-glass interface of this glass? A) $21.4 ^ { \circ }$
B) $68.6 ^ { \circ }$
C) $58.8 ^ { \circ }$
D) $52.7 ^ { \circ }$
E) $37.3 ^ { \circ }$

Question 50

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Light having a frequency in vacuum of $6.0 \times 10 ^ { 14 } \mathrm {~Hz}$ enters a liquid of refractive index $2.0$ . What is the frequency of the light in this liquid? $\left( c = 3.0 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s } \right)$

A) $6.0 \times 10 ^ { 14 } \mathrm {~Hz}$
B) $3.0 \times 10 ^ { 14 } \mathrm {~Hz}$
C) $2.0 \times 10 ^ { 14 } \mathrm {~Hz}$
D) $1.5 \times 10 ^ { 14 } \mathrm {~Hz}$
E) $12 \times 10 ^ { 14 } \mathrm {~Hz}$

Question 51

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A ray of light traveling in water hits a glass surface. The index of refraction of the water is 1.33, and that of the glass is 1.50. At what angle with the plane of the surface must the incident ray strike the
Glass in order that the polarization of the reflected ray is the greatest? A) $36.9 ^ { \circ }$
B) $53.1 ^ { \circ }$
C) $48.4 ^ { \circ }$
D) $33.7 ^ { \circ }$
E) $41.6 ^ { \circ }$

Question 52

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Polarized light of intensity S0 passes through an ideal polarizer. If the electric vector of the polarized light is horizontal what, in terms of the initial intensity S0, is the intensity of the light that
Passes through a polarizer if that polarizer is tilted 0.449 rad from the horizontal?

A) 0.812 S0
B) 0.284 S0
C) 0.217 S0
D) 0.188 S0

Question 53

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
What is Brewster's angle for light traveling in vacuum and reflecting off a piece of glass having a refractive index of 1.52? A) $33.3 ^ { \circ }$
B) $48.9 ^ { \circ }$
C) $41.1 ^ { \circ }$
D) $56.7 ^ { \circ }$
E) $48.1 ^ { \circ }$

Question 54

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Light having a wavelength in vacuum of $600 \mathrm {~nm}$ enters a liquid of refractive index $2.0$ . In this liquid, what is the wavelength of the light? $\left( c = 3.0 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s } \right)$

A) 600 nm
B) 300 nm
C) 200 nm
D) 150 nm
E) 1200 nm

Question 55

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
The following items are positioned in sequence: A source of a beam of natural light of intensity $I _ { 0 }$ , three ideal polarizers A, B, and C; and an observer. Polarizer axis angles are measured clockwise from the vertical, as viewed by the observer. The axis angle of polarizer $A$ is set at $0 ^ { \circ }$ (vertical), and the axis angle of polarizer $C$ is set at $50 ^ { \circ }$ . The axis angle of polarizer $B$ is set at $120 ^ { \circ }$ . What is ratio of the intensity of the beam at the observer to the intensity $I _ { 0 }$ of the source?

A) $0.015$
B) $0.035$
C) $0.020$
D) $0.025$
E) $0.030$

Question 56

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A vertically polarized beam of light of intensity 100 W/m2 passes through two ideal polarizers. The transmission axis of the first polarizer makes an angle of 20.0° with the vertical, and the
Transmission axis of the second one makes an angle of 40.0° with the vertical. What is the intensity
Of the light after it has passes through both polarizers?

A) 66.6 W/m2
B) 22.2 W/m2
C) 11.7 W/m2
D) 44.4 W/m2
E) 78.0 W/m2

Question 57

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A beam of light is polarized in a vertical plane and has an intensity I0. The beam passes through an ideal polarizer and then through an ideal analyzer whose axis is set horizontally. If the axis of
The polarizer is set at 60° with the vertical, what is the ratio of the intensity of the final beam to I0?

A) 0.19
B) 0.43
C) 0.37
D) 0.25
E) 0.31

Question 58

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
When unpolarized light from air (with refractive index $1.00$ ) strikes a piece of glass with index of refraction $1.80$ , the reflected light is found to be completely polarized when the angle of incidence is equal to Brewster's angle. What is the anale of refraction in this case?

Question 59

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Light of wavelength $550 \mathrm {~nm}$ in air is found to travel at $1.96 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s }$ in a certain liquid. What are the frequency and wavelength of the light in this liquid? $\left( c = 3.0 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s } \right)$

Question 60

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Unpolarized light passes through three ideal polarizing filters. The first filter is oriented with a horizontal transmission axis, the second one has its transmission axis at 30° from the horizontal,
And the third filter has a vertical transmission axis. What percent of the light gets through this
Combination? A) $50 \%$
B) $33 \%$
C) $0 \%$
D) $9.4 \%$
E) $91 \%$

Question 61

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
In a two-slit experiment using coherent light, the distance between the slits and the screen is $1.10$ $\mathrm { m }$ , and the distance between the slits is $0.0400 \mathrm {~mm}$ . If the second order bright fringe is measured to be $4.20 \mathrm {~cm}$ from the centerline on the screen, what is the wavelength of light?

A) $763 \mathrm {~nm}$
B) $401 \mathrm {~nm}$
C) $381 \mathrm {~nm}$
D) $200 \mathrm {~nm}$
E) $620 \mathrm {~nm}$

Question 62

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A pair of narrow slits that are $1.8 \mathrm {~mm}$ apart is illuminated by a monochromatic coherent light source. A fringe pattern is observed on a screen $4.8 \mathrm {~m}$ from the slits. If the wavelength of the monochromatic light is $450 \mathrm {~nm}$ , what is the angular separation between adjacent dark fringes on the screen, measured in milliradians?

A) $0.30 \mathrm { mrad }$
B) $0.25 \mathrm { mrad }$
C) $0.15 \mathrm { mrad }$
D) $0.36 \mathrm { mrad }$
E) $0.20 \mathrm { mrad }$

Question 63

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Two thin slits are $6.00 \mu \mathrm { m }$ apart. Monochromatic coherent light falls on these slits, and produces a fifth-order bright interference fringe at an angle of $32.3 ^ { \circ }$ away from the centerline. What is the wavelength of the light?

A) $164 \mathrm {~nm}$
B) $416 \mathrm {~nm}$
C) $641 \mathrm {~nm}$
D) $614 \mathrm {~nm}$

Question 64

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
In a double-slit experiment, the slit separation is 1.75 mm, and two coherent wavelengths
of light, 425 nm and 510 nm, illuminate the slits. At what angle from the centerline on
either side of the central maximum will a bright fringe from one pattern first coincide with
a bright fringe from the other pattern?

Question 65

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A double slit that is illuminated with coherent light of wavelength $644 \mathrm {~nm}$ produces a pattern of bright and dark fringes on a screen $6.00 \mathrm {~cm}$ from the slits. If the slits are $2783 \mathrm {~nm}$ apart, what is the distance on the screen between the $4 ^ { \text {th } }$ and the $2 ^ { \text {nd } }$ bright fringes on one side of the central maximum?

A) $3.13 \mathrm {~cm}$
B) $11.5 \mathrm {~cm}$
C) $17.6 \mathrm {~cm}$
D) $14.7 \mathrm {~cm}$
E) $23.0 \mathrm {~cm}$

Question 66

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Coherent light of wavelength 519 nm passes through two slits. In the resulting interference
pattern on a screen 4.6 m away, adjacent bright fringes are 4.0 mm apart. What is the
separation of the two slits?

Question 67

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A two-slit arrangement with $60.3 \mu \mathrm { m }$ separation between the slits is illuminated with $491.0 \mathrm {~nm}$ coherent light. If a viewing screen is located $2.14 \mathrm {~m}$ from the slits, find the distance from the first dark fringe on one side of the central maximum to the second dark fringe on the other side.

A) $34.9 \mathrm {~mm}$
B) $69.7 \mathrm {~mm}$
C) $24.6 \mathrm {~mm}$
D) $52.3 \mathrm {~mm}$

Question 68

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Coherent light of wavelength $575 \mathrm {~nm}$ falls on a double-slit and the third-order bright fringe is seen at an angle of $6.5 ^ { \circ }$ away from the centerline. How far apart are the double slits?

A) $10 \mu \mathrm { m }$
B) $15 \mu \mathrm { m }$
C) $20 \mu \mathrm { m }$
D) $5.0 \mu \mathrm { m }$

Question 69

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
The distance between two slits is $1.50 \times 10 ^ { - 5 } \mathrm {~m}$ . A beam of coherent light of wavelength $600 \mathrm {~nm}$ illuminates these slits, and the distance between the slit and the screen is $2.00 \mathrm {~m}$ . What is the distance on the screen between the central bright fringe and the fourth-order bright fringe?

A) $0.132 \mathrm {~m}$
B) $0.201 \mathrm {~m}$
C) $0.528 \mathrm {~m}$
D) $0.324 \mathrm {~m}$
E) $0.688 \mathrm {~m}$

Question 70

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
In a two-slit experiment, monochromatic coherent light of wavelength $600 \mathrm {~nm}$ passes through a pair of slits separated by $2.20 \times 10 ^ { - 5 } \mathrm {~m}$ . At what angle away from the centerline does the first bright fringe occur?

A) $2.22 ^ { \circ }$
B) $3.12 ^ { \circ }$
C) $6.24 ^ { \circ }$
D) $4.70 ^ { \circ }$
E) $1.56 ^ { \circ }$

Question 71

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
A double-slit experiment uses coherent light of wavelength 633 nm with a slit separation
of 0.100 mm and a screen placed 2.0 m away.
(a) How wide on the screen is the central bright fringe?
(b) What is the distance on the screen between first-order and second-order bright
fringes?
(c) What is the angular separation (in radians) between the central maximum and the
first-order maximum?

Question 72

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
In a two-slit experiment, the slit separation is $3.00 \times 10 ^ { - 5 } \mathrm {~m}$ . The interference pattern is created on a screen that is $2.00 \mathrm {~m}$ away from the slits. If the 7 th bright fringe on the screen is $10.0 \mathrm {~cm}$ away from the central fringe, what is the wavelength of the light?

A) $224 \mathrm {~nm}$
B) $214 \mathrm {~nm}$
C) $204 \mathrm {~nm}$
D) $234 \mathrm {~nm}$
E) $100 \mathrm {~nm}$

Question 73

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
In a two-slit experiment, monochromatic coherent light of wavelength $600 \mathrm {~nm}$ passes through a pair of slits separated by $2.20 \times 10 ^ { - 5 } \mathrm {~m}$ . At what angle away from the centerline does the second dark fringe occur?

A) $1.17 ^ { \circ }$
B) $3.51 ^ { \circ }$
C) $2.34 ^ { \circ }$
D) $3.94 ^ { \circ }$
E) $4.70 ^ { \circ }$

Question 74

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
An optical engineer needs to ensure that the bright fringes from a double-slit are $15.7 \mathrm {~mm}$ apart on a detector that is $1.70 \mathrm {~m}$ from the slits. If the slits are illuminated with coherent light of wavelength $633 \mathrm {~nm}$ , how far apart should the slits be?

A) $63.0 \mu \mathrm { m }$
B) $68.5 \mu \mathrm { m }$
C) $79.5 \mu \mathrm { m }$
D) $74.0 \mu \mathrm { m }$

Question 75

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A two-slit arrangement with $60.3 \mu \mathrm { m }$ separation between the slits is illuminated with $537.0 - \mathrm { nm }$ wavelength light. If a viewing screen is located $2.14 \mathrm {~m}$ from the slits, find the distance on the screen from the first dark fringe on one side of the central maximum to the second dark fringe on the other side.

A) $76.3 \mathrm {~mm}$
B) $57.2 \mathrm {~mm}$
C) $38.1 \mathrm {~mm}$
D) $26.9 \mathrm {~mm}$

Question 76

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
In a two-slit experiment, a third-order bright fringe is observed at an angle of $7.10 ^ { \circ }$ away from the centerline. If the wavelength of light is 595 nm, how far apart are the two slits? A) $2.12 \times 10 ^ { - 5 } \mathrm {~m}$
B) $1.44 \times 10 ^ { - 5 } \mathrm {~m}$
C) $1.07 \times 10 ^ { - 5 } \mathrm {~m}$
D) $2.53 \times 10 ^ { - 5 } \mathrm {~m}$
E) $3.76 \times 10 ^ { - 5 } \mathrm {~m}$

Question 77

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Coherent light of wavelength $540 \mathrm {~nm}$ passes through a pair of thin slits that are $3.4 \times 10 ^ { - 5 } \mathrm {~m}$ apart. At what angle away from the centerline does the second bright fringe occur?

A) $1.8 ^ { \circ }$
B) $1.5 ^ { \circ }$
C) $3.7 ^ { \circ }$
D) $5.0 ^ { \circ }$
E) $4.3 ^ { \circ }$

Question 78

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A pair of narrow slits that are $1.8 \mathrm {~mm}$ apart is illuminated by a monochromatic coherent light source. A fringe pattern is observed on a screen $4.8 \mathrm {~m}$ from the slits. If there are $5.0$ bright fringes/cm on the screen, what is the wavelength of the monochromatic light?

A) $750 \mathrm {~nm}$
B) $600 \mathrm {~nm}$
C) $650 \mathrm {~nm}$
D) $700 \mathrm {~nm}$
E) $550 \mathrm {~nm}$

Question 79

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
In a double-slit experiment, the slit separation is $2.0 \mathrm {~mm}$ , and two wavelengths, $750 \mathrm {~nm}$ and 900 $\mathrm { nm }$ , illuminate the slits. A screen is placed $2.0 \mathrm {~m}$ from the slits. At what distance from the central maximum on the screen will a bright fringe from one pattern first coincide with a bright fringe from the other?

A) $4.5 \mathrm {~mm}$
B) $6.0 \mathrm {~mm}$
C) $3.0 \mathrm {~mm}$
D) $1.5 \mathrm {~mm}$

Question 80

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
In a two-slit experiment using coherent light, the distance between the slits and the screen is $1.10$ $\mathrm { m }$ , and the distance between the slits is $0.100 \mathrm {~mm}$ . If the first-order bright fringe is measured to be $3.40 \mathrm {~cm}$ from the centerline, what is the wavelength of the light?

A) $3.09 \mu \mathrm { m }$
B) $133 \mathrm {~nm}$
C) $241 \mathrm {~nm}$
D) $354 \mathrm {~nm}$
E) $2.11 \mu \mathrm { m }$