Deck 9: Nonparametric Tests of Significance

Question 1

Use of chi-Square requires:

A)an ordinal level of measurement.
B)only one sample of respondents.
C)non-probability sampling.
D)none of the above are required

Answer 1

none of the above are required

Question 2

Expected frequencies represent:

A)the frequencies one would expect if the null hypothesis were true.
B)the frequencies one would expect if the research hypothesis were true.
C)the frequencies one would expect if the sample were normally distributed.
D)none of the above

Answer 2

the frequencies one would expect if the null hypothesis were true.

Question 3

The frequencies proposed under the terms of the null hypothesis are the:

A)observed frequencies.
B)expected frequencies.
C)marginal frequencies.
D)a and c

Answer 3

expected frequencies.

Question 4

Parametric tests require:

A)a normal distribution.
B)a nominal level of measurement.
C)small sample sizes.
D)none of the above

Question 5

A chi-square test should be used with caution when:

A)the population is not assumed to be normally distributed.
B)the total sample size exceeds 100.
C)there is an expected frequency > 5.
D)there is an expected frequency < 5.

Question 6

If a chi-square expected frequency is less than 10, one should:

A)reject the null hypothesis.
B)use Yates's correction.
C)accept the null hypothesis.
D )square all values.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for using the chi-square statistic?

A)at least nominal level data
B)random sampling
C)a comparison of only one group
D)i ndependent samples

Question 8

Nonparametric tests are useful when:

A)the researcher cannot assume normality.
B)there is a small number of cases.
C)data is not measured at the interval level.
D)all of the above.

Question 9

The formula for chi-Square is

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 10

The degrees of freedom for a chi-square test applied to a cross-tabulation with 4 rows and
3 columns is equal to:

A)2.
B)6.
C)4.
D)7.

Question 11

As the observed frequencies get closer to the expected frequencies, the value of the chi-
Square statistic:

A)becomes larger.
B)becomes smaller.
C)does not change.
D)not enough information provided

Question 12

A chi-square test of significance is essentially concerned with:

A)only observed frequencies.
B)the difference between expected and observed frequencies.
C)the difference between two interval level variables.
D)the difference between one ordinal and one interval level variable.

Question 13

The set of frequencies obtained in an actual frequency distribution are the:

A)observed frequencies.
B)expected frequencies.
C)marginal frequencies.
D)a and c

Question 14

Parametric comes from the term 'parameter' which refers to:

A)the probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is actually false.
B)a meter.
C)any characteristic or nature of a population.
D )originating in Paramus New Jersey.

Question 15

Small expected frequencies cause the value of the chi-square statistic to:

A)become much larger.
B)become much smaller.
C)not change.
D)not enough information provided

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true of nonparametric tests?

A)They require a normal distribution.
B)They can use nominal level data.
C)They are less powerful than parametric tests.
D)None of the above are true of nonparametric tests.

Question 17

A researcher takes a sample and wants to compare the results to the population from
Which it was drawn. The independent variable is gender and the dependent variable is a
Yes/no response as to whether they favor abortion. What test would the researcher use to
See if results are significant?

A)a parametric test
B)a difference between means test
C)a t test
D)a chi-square test

Question 18

In a one-way chi-square where k is the number of categories in the observed frequency Distribution, the appropriate number of degrees of freedom is

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 19

The degrees of freedom for a two-way chi-square statistic are:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 20

The "power" of a test refers to:

A)the maximum size of the sample permitted by the statistic.
B)the probability of your sample being truly representative.
C)the numerical strength of a particular test.
D)the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis.

Question 21

The median test determines:

A)the likelihood that the median will be the most frequent score.
B)the likelihood the mean, the median, and the mode will all have the same value.
C)the likelihood that the samples were drawn from populations with equal medians.
D)none of the above

Question 22

Degrees of freedom for a one-way chi-square test equal the number of __________ in the observed frequency distribution minus one.

Question 23

The question below refers to the following situation:
A researcher is interested in studying the relationship between the socioeconomic status (SES) of a community and the crime rate in that community. Here is the data (N = 156) she is working with:
What are the degrees of freedom?

Question 24

Degrees of freedom for a two-way chi-square test on a cross tabulation depends on the number of __________ and __________.

Question 25

The __________ chi-square test is used to determine whether observed frequencies differ significantly from an even distribution or any other hypothesized distribution.

Question 26

The denominator in the chi-square statistic is the __________.

Question 27

The median test is a nonparametric test of whether the scores fall above or below the__________.

Question 28

The question below refers to the following situation:
A researcher is interested in studying the relationship between the socioeconomic status (SES) of a community and the crime rate in that community. Here is the data (N = 156) she is working with:
Calculate the expected frequencies.

Question 29

The median test must be performed with at least __________ level data.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of the median test?

A)comparing two or more medians
B)ordinal data
C)random sampling
D)nom inal data

Question 31

The question below refers to the following situation:
A researcher is interested in studying the relationship between the socioeconomic status (SES) of a community and the crime rate in that community. Here is the data (N = 156) she is working with:
Calculate chi-square.

Question 32

The chi-square statistic requires at least __________ sample(s).

Question 33

In a chi-square test of significance, the dependent variable is measured at least at the __________ level.

Question 34

__________ tests of significance are those that do not include either a normally distributed population or the interval level of measurement as requirements.

Question 35

A chi-square tests depends on ordinal and/or interval levels of measurement.

Question 36

The question below refers to the following observed data:

Calculate the expected frequencies for each cell.

Question 37

A chi-square test is a nonparametric test of significance.

Question 38

The question below refers to the following observed data:
What are the degrees of freedom?

Question 39

The median test must have two or more __________ samples.

Question 40

Using Yates's correction, the difference between observed and expected frequencies is reduced by _______.

Question 41

Use the chi-square statistic to test the following data:

Question 42

The question below refers to the following situation:
A researcher is interested in studying the relationship between the socioeconomic status(SES) of a community and the crime rate in that community. Here is the data (N = 156) sheis working with:
What are your conclusions about the null hypothesis?

Question 43

The question below refers to the following situation:
Below are the results of a cross-tabulation regarding the relationship between location of residence and an individual's fear of being a victim of a violent crime:
Compute the chi-square value.

Question 44

The question below refers to the following situation:
A researcher is interested in studying the relationship between the socioeconomic status (SES) of a community and the crime rate in that community. Here is the data (N = 156) she is working with:
Are the results statistically significant and, if so, at what level?

Question 45

The question below refers to the following situation:
Below are the results of a cross-tabulation regarding the relationship between location of residence and an individual's fear of being a victim of a violent crime:
Is there a significant difference between residence locations and an individual's fear of crime? What is the level of significance?

Question 46

The question below refers to the following situation:
Below are the results of a cross-tabulation regarding the relationship between location of residence and an individual's fear of being a victim of a violent crime:
What is the null hypothesis?

Question 47

The question below refers to the following situation:
Below are the results of a cross-tabulation regarding the relationship between location of residence and an individual's fear of being a victim of a violent crime:
What are the degrees of freedom?

Question 48

The question below refers to the following situation:
Below are the results of a cross-tabulation regarding the relationship between location of residence and an individual's fear of being a victim of a violent crime:
What is the critical chi-square value given in Table E of Appendix C for the .01 significance level?