Deck 5: Perceiving Color

Question 1

_____ light is a heterochromatic light source that contains proportionately more long-wavelength light than sunlight does.

A) Flashbulb
B) Fluorescent
C) Incandescent
D) Candle

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to the principle of additive color mixing, an example of complementary colors would be:

A) cyan and red.
B) red and green.
C) cyan and yellow.
D) magenta and red.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The visible spectrum is that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that ranges from _____ nm.

A) 100 to 300
B) 300 to 600
C) 400 to 700
D) 800 to 1000

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A color solid adds the vertical dimension to represent:

A) hue.
B) saturation.
C) brightness.
D) wavelength.

Question 5

Julie is making slime with her kids. She starts with white, and in order to create green slime, she adds blue and yellow food coloring. This process of creating green is called _____ color mixing.

A) subtractive
B) additive
C) metameric
D) complementary

Question 6

With an additive color mixture, mixing red and green light on a white surface produces:

A) blue.
B) red.
C) white.
D) yellow.

Question 7

The perceived color of an object depends on:

A) how it absorbs light.
B) how it transmits light.
C) the brightness of the light source.
D) the SPD of the light source.

Question 8

_____ is the perceptual characteristic MOST closely associated with the wavelength of light.

A) Hue
B) Saturation
C) Brightness
D) Frequency

Question 9

Mixing blue and yellow paint gives the appearance of green because:

A) blue paint absorbs the shorter wavelengths, while yellow paint absorbs the longer wavelengths.
B) blue paint absorbs the longer wavelengths, while yellow paint absorbs the shorter wavelengths.
C) blue paint and yellow paint both absorb the medium wavelengths.
D) blue paint reflects the longer wavelengths, while yellow paint reflects the shorter wavelengths.

Question 10

White light is also called _____ light.

A) achromatic
B) dichromatic
C) monochromatic
D) trichromatic

Question 11

Additive color mixing would involve mixing different:

A) colored crayons.
B) light sources.
C) inks.
D) colored paints.

Question 12

_____ is the proportion of light that a surface reflects, rather than absorbs, at each wavelength.

A) Color constancy
B) Spectral power distribution
C) Spectral reflectance
D) Color vision

Question 13

How many degrees apart are complementary colors on the color circle?

A) 360
B) 180
C) 90
D) 45

Question 14

A 650-nm light would be perceived as _____, while a 550-nm light would appear _____.

A) blue; green
B) red; blue
C) green; yellow
D) red; green

Question 15

A gray piece of paper and a white piece of paper have reflectance curves that are approximately horizontal lines because they:

A) absorb the same overall amount of light.
B) reflect a greater percentage of low-wavelength light.
C) absorb a greater percentage of longer-wavelength light.
D) reflect about the same percentage of all wavelengths.

Question 16

Blue paint looks blue because it:

A) absorbs the shorter wavelengths.
B) reflects the longer wavelengths.
C) absorbs the longer wavelengths.
D) reflects the shorter wavelengths.

Question 17

_____ is the intensity of the light at each wavelength in the visible spectrum.

A) The color circle
B) Spectral reflectance
C) Spectral power distribution
D) Spectral sensitivity function

Question 18

If a white light is shone onto a surface that only reflects wavelengths below 500 nm, the surface will appear to be:

A) red.
B) blue.
C) green.
D) yellow.

Question 19

When a light source emits a wide range of different wavelengths, it is called _____ light.

A) heterochromatic
B) monochromatic
C) achromatic
D) multivariate

Question 20

_____ are any two stimuli that are physically different but perceived as identical.

A) Metamers
B) Isomers
C) Phosphenes
D) Pixels

Question 21

In the image given below, squares _____ reflect the same physical intensity of light.

A) A and B
B) A and C
C) B and C
D) A, B, and C

Question 22

Which statement is TRUE regarding photopigment bleaching?

A) Color assimilation is a form of photopigment bleaching.
B) It is one of the primary mechanisms of dark and light adaptation.
C) It helps in correctly perceiving the color of a surface under different illuminants.
D) It is a method for measuring the amount of light at each wavelength absorbed by a foveal cone.

Question 23

Physiological support for opponent color representation comes from:

A) the discovery of two types of cones in the fish retina that responded in similar ways to different wavelengths.
B) the observation that people sorted a stack of cards into four piles of colors, rather than three.
C) measurements of neurons in the ventral geniculate nucleus of rats that responded to color in an opponent fashion.
D) confirmation of the existence of neural circuits involved in the opponent color representation process.

Question 24

A person with only M-cones and L-cones:

A) cannot adjust the intensity of a single comparison light to match the color of one monochromatic test light.
B) cannot perform metameric color matching with two monochromatic comparison lights.
C) generally perceives two different wavelengths as only one color.
D) is truly color blind.

Question 25

An individual with only M-cones:

A) is sensitive to changes in the wavelengths of light but not the intensity.
B) can achieve metameric color matching with only certain wavelengths of light.
C) can achieve metameric color matching by adjusting the intensity of light.
D) cannot perform metameric color matching.

Question 26

With regard to cones, the principle of univariance states that the absorption of one photon of light results in:

A) a varied response, depending on the intensity of light.
B) the same response, regardless of the wavelength of light.
C) a varied response, depending on the wavelength of light.
D) the same response, regardless of the intensity of light.

Question 27

Photopigments in M-cones are:

A) sensitive to light with a wavelength of 900 nm.
B) sensitive to light with a wavelength of 250 nm.
C) sensitive to light across nearly the entire spectrum.
D) insensitive to wavelengths greater than 550 nm.

Question 28

The mosaic of the three types of cones within the human eye can be directly visualized using a technique called:

A) retinal densitometry.
B) metameric color matching.
C) hue cancellation.
D) the Ishihara test.

Question 29

_____ is the tendency to see a surface as having the same color under illumination by lights with different spectral power distributions.

A) Color assimilation
B) Color constancy
C) Lightness constancy
D) Light contrast

Question 30

The _____ explains why night vision is color-blind.

A) opponent color representation
B) principle of univariance
C) concept of additive mixtures
D) hue-cancellation technique

Question 31

Which statement is TRUE regarding trichromatic color representation?

A) The three cone types limit the creation and perception of all the colors associated with wavelengths in the visible spectrum.
B) The three cone types have the same spectral sensitivity function that spans part of the visible spectrum.
C) The amount of light at every wavelength at every point in the retina can be measured.
D) Many pairs of lights that are physically different in their wavelength composition are perceived as identical.

Question 32

According to the phenomenon of color contrast, which surrounding color would make blue appear BRIGHTEST?

A) red
B) green
C) blue
D) yellow

Question 33

The absolute sensitivity of S-cones is:

A) higher than for M-cones or L-cones.
B) lower than for rod photoreceptors.
C) higher than it is for M-cones but lower for L-cones.
D) equal to that for M-cones or L-cones.

Question 34

Which observation constituted evidence for the process of opponent color representation?

A) Colors observed in the afterimages are the other member of the opponent color pairs.
B) Colors often appear to be mixtures of two opponent colors but never appear to be mixtures of two nonopponent colors.
C) People sort a stack of differently colored cards into three piles-red, green, and blue.
D) Ewald Hering discovered a fourth cone type (for yellow wavelength) using retinal densitometry.

Question 35

Research has shown that the proportion of _____ in the retina is fairly small compared with the other types of photoreceptors.

A) rods
B) S-cones
C) M-cones
D) L-cones

Question 36

_____ results from exposure to relatively intense light consisting of a narrow range of wavelengths.

A) Chromatic adaptation
B) Color constancy
C) Lightness constancy
D) Hue cancellation

Question 37

_____ is an experimental technique where a person cancels out any perception of a particular color in a test light by adding light of another color.

A) Metameric color matching
B) Color assimilation
C) Photopigment bleaching
D) Hue cancellation

Question 38

According to the text, a color called reddish green CANNOT be imagined because:

A) red and green are two nonopponent colors.
B) red and green are both nonprimary colors.
C) red and green are two opponent colors.
D) red and green respond to the same cone photopigment.

Question 39

_____ is an intrinsic property that typically does not change, whereas the _____ of the light reflected from an object changes whenever the illumination changes.

A) Reflectance; SPD
B) SPD; reflectance
C) Wavelength; reflectance
D) Intensity; polarization

Question 40

How many monochromatic comparison lights do people with normal color vision require to match an arbitrary monochromatic test light?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 41

Dichromacy refers to the condition where a person:

A) is missing two types of cones.
B) has only two types of cones.
C) has one type of rod and one type of cone.
D) can see two of the three Ishihara test symbols.

Question 42

Digital color video displays such as digital television and computer screens use _____ mixtures of three primary colors.

A) complementary
B) subtractive
C) additive
D) supplementary

Question 43

According to the text, digital color printing does NOT use _____ ink.

A) white
B) magenta
C) black
D) yellow

Question 44

If a spot of light is shown, is it possible to perceive whether one is viewing a single wavelength of light as opposed to multiple wavelengths superimposed on the same location? Explain why or why not.

Question 45

According to the hue cancellation data shown in Figure 5.14, what range of wavelengths in the visible spectrum is perceived to be a combination of (a) yellow and red, (b) blue and green, (c) yellow and green, (d) blue and red, (e) blue and yellow, and (f) red and green?

Question 46

A person suffering from protanopia lacks:

A) M-cones.
B) S-cones.
C) L-cones.
D) L-cones and M-cones.

Question 47

A 5-year-old girl has her heart set on having her room painted a bright shade of green. What is the drawback in simply mixing leftover supply of blue and yellow paint for this job? (Assume the paints are in perfect condition.)

Question 48

According to the ratio principle of lightness constancy, the perceived lightness of a region is based on the:

A) relative intensity of the illuminating light.
B) absolute amount of light reflected from the region and its surround.
C) difference in color between the region and its surround.
D) relative amounts of light reflected from the region and its surround.

Question 49

What do pointillist paintings have in common with digital color video displays with regard to how each represents color? What are the major differences between them?

Question 50

Which statement is TRUE regarding rod monochromats?

A) They have no rods and must rely only on cone vision.
B) About 0.002 percent of the population is suffering from rod monochromacy.
C) Only certain colors can be perceived by rod monochromats.
D) They have low sensitivity toward bright glaring lights.

Question 51

_____ is the tendency to see a surface as having the same perceived reflectance under illumination by very different amounts of light.

A) Lightness constancy
B) Lightness assimilation
C) Color constancy
D) Color assimilation

Question 52

Which statement is TRUE regarding inherited deficiencies of color vision?

A) They affect females much more frequently than males.
B) The lack of M-cones and L-cones is due to a defect on the X chromosome.
C) They occur when a person is born without rods in the retina.
D) There are two categories of these deficiencies-night blindness and trichromacy.

Question 53

Why is it more efficient for the visual system to utilize color opponency instead of registering the absolute response of each type of cone in color identification?

Question 54

Achromatopsia is:

A) genetically inherited only by females.
B) genetically inherited only by males.
C) the loss of night vision.
D) caused by brain damage.

Question 55

Explain color constancy.

Question 56

Can three primary colors ever be combined to produce a fourth color as highly saturated as the original three primaries? Explain why or why not, based on the color circle.

Question 57

The technique of pointillist painting was adopted to:

A) avoid the dimming effect of subtractive color mixtures.
B) avoid the dimming effect of additive color mixtures.
C) highlight the brushstrokes of the painters.
D) expand the range of colors by using synthetic pigments.

Question 58

Explain the principle of univariance.

Question 59

Going clockwise around the color circle, wavelength increases as you go from blue (450 nm) to cyan (500 nm), to green (550 nm), and so on. In between red (650 nm) and blue however, lies a quadrant of nonspectral purples. Are the wavelengths of these purples below 450 nm, above 650 nm, or something else altogether?

Question 60

Explain whether one would display his or her luscious homegrown tomatoes under incandescent or fluorescent lighting in order to make them look their reddest and most succulent.