Deck 20: Eye

Question 1

A 72-year-old woman complains of decreased visual acuity over a period of 18 months. Her physician notes opacification of both of her lenses.
The most likely diagnosis is

A) cataract.
B) glaucoma.
C) conjunctivitis.
D) presbyopia.

Answer 1

Glaucoma is the medical condition associated with the sufficient rise in the intraocular pressure to cause the optic nerve fiber damage. Progressive damage to the optic nerve causes the peripheral visual loss. Demonstrating the rise in the intraocular pressure with the help of tonometer helps in diagnosis of the glaucoma.
Conjunctivitis is usually found associated with the upper respiratory tract infection. Vascular congestion along with the inflammation in the conjunctiva producing a pink or a red colored eye is known as the conjunctivitis. It is one of the most common eye infections. It causes the blurred vision, photophobia and irritation in the eyes.
Presbyopia is caused due to the loss of the elasticity of the lens. It is a type refractive error produced in the eyes. Atrophy of the ciliary muscles also contributes to the same. It usually affects the people of age group forty and above. Accommodation of the lens changes in the presbyopia.
Hence, the options B, C and D are incorrect.
Cataract causes the lens opacification. Cataract usually affects the people of the older age. It causes the progressive vision diminution. Congenital cataracts do exist as a rare case. Surgical removal of the pacified region and insertion of the prosthetic intraocular lens inside is the treatment for the disease.
Hence, the correct answer is option .

Question 2

The most important and effective treatment of diabetic retinopathy is

A) laser surgery.
B) treatment of the diabetes.
C) injection of insulin into the eye.
D) appropriate corrective lenses.

Answer 2

Diabetes mellitus causes the diseases of the retinal vessels, which is further manifested by the progression of the arteriosclerosis just like in hypertension. Vascular lesions composed of the retinal hemorrhages results in the diabetic retinopathy. Advance vascular regions consists of the capillary aneurysms causes the abnormal vessel proliferation. This proliferation further results in the vitreous hemorrhages and retinal detachments.
Laser beam is used for the coagulation of the defective areas within the retina with the help of the thermal energy. This procedure helps in halting of the neovascularization progression. Insulin injections are not used in the eyes for the treatment of the diabetic retinopathy. Corrective lenses are found ineffective in the case of the patient, who is suffering from the diabetic retinopathy. Corrective lenses are used to correct the hyperopia and myopia.
Hence, the options B, C and D are incorrect.
Diabetes mellitus causes the diseases of the retinal vessels, which is further manifested by the progression of the arteriosclerosis just like in hypertension. Laser beam is used for the coagulation of the defective areas within the retina with the help of the thermal energy. This procedure helps in halting of the neovascularization progression. Treatment of the underlying diabetes is serving as the advantage for the blindness prevention.
Hence, the correct answer is option .

Question 3

A 76-year-old man complains of progressive loss of peripheral vision that is confirmed by his ophthalmologist by visual field testing. He has no other symptoms and his central visual acuity is good. His most likely problem is

A) presbyopia.
B) astigmatism.
C) cataract.
D) glaucoma.

Answer 3

Presbyopia is caused due to the loss of the elasticity of the lens. It is a type refractive error produced in the eyes. Atrophy of the ciliary muscles also contributes to the same. It usually affects the people of age group forty and above. Accommodation of the lens changes in the presbyopia.
Cataract causes the lens opacification. Cataract usually affects the people of the older age. It causes the progressive vision diminution. Congenital cataracts do exist as a rare case. Surgical removal of the pacified region and insertion of the prosthetic intraocular lens inside is the treatment for the disease.
Astigmatism is a disorder, which is characterized by the uneven focusing of the entering light due to uneven curvature of the cornea's curvature. It is caused by the corneal surfaces and lens irregularities. It may affect the eyes alone or along with the hyperopia and myopia. Acute astigmatism can be corrected by the lens or by the refractive surgery
Hence, the options A, B and C are incorrect.
Glaucoma is the medical condition associated with the sufficient rise in the intraocular pressure to cause the optic nerve fiber damage. Progressive damage to the optic nerve causes the peripheral visual loss. Demonstrating the rise in the intraocular pressure with the help of tonometer helps in diagnosis of the glaucoma and progressive peripheral vision loss is estimated with the help of the visual field testing technique.
Hence, the correct answer is option .

Question 4

Presbyopia results from

A) light rays focusing behind the retina.
B) light rays focusing in front of the retina.
C) retinal hemorrhage.
D) degeneration of the lens.

Question 5

Which of the following conditions results from uneven focusing of light on the retina because of irregularities of the cornea or lens?

A) Astigmatism
B) Myopia
C) Hyperopia
D) Strabismus

Question 6

Both hyperopia and presbyopia result in

A) retinal detachment.
B) decreased accommodation.
C) decreased visual acuity for distant objects.
D) opacification of the lens.

Question 7

Legal blindness is defined as diminished visual acuity of at least

A) 20/40.
B) 20/100.
C) 20/200.
D) 20/400.