Deck 14: Stress,coping,and Health

Question 1

There is no evidence to suggest that ongoing stress from daily hassles impairs our immune systems.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Researchers have found a strong relationship between stress and health.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Individual differences influence our response to stress.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

People with Type A personalities are best described as relaxed and easy-going.

Question 5

Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.

Question 6

Explain how stress can cause physical illness,and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.

Question 7

Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.

Question 8

Coping responses can be adaptive or maladaptive.

Question 9

A stressor is defined as any situation or circumstance that triggers a stress response.

Question 10

As children progress from 5 years old to 12 years old,behavioural events such as getting into trouble at school become more stressful.

Question 11

Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder,and discuss some risk factors for developing it.

Question 12

Describe the physiological,emotional,and cognitive responses to stress,and explain how individual responses to stress differ.

Question 13

Examination of the scores from the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)indicates that high scores in terms life-change units are related to the likelihood of becoming physically ill.

Question 14

Frustration occurs while we are gaining momentum toward completing a goal.

Question 15

Bodily arousal is the only dimension of our reaction to stressors that has been studied to date.

Question 16

If corticosteroid levels remain high for extended periods of time,high blood pressure and other adverse health consequences may occur.

Question 17

Most individuals are consciously aware of the defence mechanisms they employ.

Question 18

Avoidance-avoidance conflicts involve a choice between two equally undesirable outcomes.

Question 19

The fight-or-flight response in the brain is an automatic reaction that is unrelated to the physiological effects of stress.

Question 20

Problem-focused coping is used to deal directly with a stressor.

Question 21

Yvonne has had an itchy rash for four months.Although she has seen many specialists and has taken three distinct types of medication,nothing seems to be alleviating her symptoms.Yvonne is beginning to think she will always have the rash.Which type of stress is Yvonne probably experiencing?

A) conflict
B) pressure
C) frustration
D) none of the above

Question 22

What is the difference between a chronic stressor and an acute stressor?

A) An acute stressor is less intense, whereas a chronic stressor is very intense.
B) An acute stressor applies to workplace stress, whereas a chronic stressor applies to family stress.
C) An acute stressor has negative health effects, whereas a chronic stressor has negative psychological effects.
D) An acute stressor is over quickly and has a definite end point, whereas a chronic stressor is more long term and lacks an end point.

Question 23

Valeria is studying for her psychology exam.It is in two days.The psychology exam is an example of ___.

A) stress
B) an acute stressor
C) a chronic stressor
D) distress

Question 24

Which of the following statements about pressure is FALSE?

A) Self-imposed pressure is often more difficult than pressure from others.
B) The presence of an audience always increases pressure.
C) Feelings of pressure are often associated with feelings of distress.
D) Pressure often results from standards being imposed.

Question 25

Males are twice as likely as females to suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 26

Rebecca has applied for a promotion in her job.Rebecca is very anxious about the upcoming interview.She is particularly worried because she feels her boss favours the male employees over the female employees.Based on research discussed in your text,what could be a possible outcome for Rebecca if she loses the promotion to a male employee?

A) The pressure and distress Rebecca feels may cause her to have conflicts with her boss.
B) The pressure and distress Rebecca feels may cause her to feel depressed.
C) The pressure and distress Rebecca feels may cause her to feel she has to work harder.
D) The pressure and distress Rebecca feels may cause her to be unmotivated to do her job in the future.

Question 27

Which of the following is classified as a chronic stressor?

A) having a disagreement with a family member
B) sitting in a traffic jam on your way home from work
C) flight being delayed because of weather conditions
D) coping with the demands of a high-pressure job

Question 28

Which of the following is the best example of a chronic stressor?

A) exam week
B) raising children
C) having the flu
D) getting divorced

Question 29

Individuals who had childhoods characterized by poverty are no more likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)when confronted with horrific events.

Question 30

People who respond to stressors with optimism are better prepared to fight off illness because their immune systems are often stronger.

Question 31

People with less hardy personality styles are less likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder than those with more resilient personality styles.

Question 32

A situation or circumstance that triggers the stress response is called

A) a stressor.
B) pressure.
C) conflict.
D) hassles.

Question 33

Norepinephrine increases immune functioning at elevated levels of stress.

Question 34

Which of the following people is most likely to experience stress?

A) Agustine, who was already considering retirement when he got laid off
B) Georges, who had a difference of opinion with a stranger in a coffee shop
C) Marie, who is a millionaire and got a $100 parking ticket
D) Padma, who forgot there was a psychology test today

Question 35

Claudette has invited several friends to dinner tonight.As she is preparing the meal,she is worried about what her friends will think if everything is NOT perfect.Claudette is experiencing ___.

A) pressure imposed by her friends
B) self-imposed pressure
C) frustration that her friends might expect perfection
D) frustration because she doubts she can achieve perfection

Question 36

Waldron and Farris both must make a presentation to their psychology class.Although Farris is feeling confident and relaxed,Waldron is very nervous about the presentation.Which of the following provides the best explanation of the two students' experience?

A) Waldron is experiencing greater conflict about presenting than Ferris.
B) Ferris is experiencing less cognitive dissonance about presenting than Waldron.
C) Waldron has appraised the experience of presenting as more threatening than Ferris.
D) Ferris perceives presenting as a negative experience whereas Waldron perceives it as a positive experience.

Question 37

Feeling detached or dazed is a common symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 38

Psychologists have identified several distinct types of stress experiences.Which of the following is one of those types of stress experiences?

A) sensitization
B) frustration
C) happiness
D) change

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT one of the four kinds of ways that we experience stress?

A) pressure
B) change
C) conflict
D) danger

Question 40

Ling oversees keeping the copy room neat and tidy,but her co-workers often leave empty wrappers lying around or do NOT clean up after themselves.Ling may experience the type of stress known as

A) frustration.
B) pressure.
C) conflict.
D) danger.

Question 41

Adam is becoming annoyed because his car keeps breaking down,but he doesn't want to have to make payments on a new car.Adam is experiencing ___.

A) an approach-approach conflict
B) an approach-avoidance conflict
C) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) pressure

Question 42

Scales that have specifically targeted stressful experiences of college and university students have found that students tend to experience higher levels of stress associated with ___.

A) fitting in with peers
B) romantic relationships
C) events surrounding exam times
D) missing family members

Question 43

Most students want good grades,but they don't want to study.This is an example of

A) hypocrisy.
B) an approach-approach conflict.
C) an approach-avoidance conflict.
D) an avoidance-avoidance conflict.

Question 44

Ellie is waiting in line to get in to an outdoor concert at the Calgary Stampede.It is hot,and she has been waiting for two hours already.Suddenly,the organizers shut down her line and tell everyone to find a different line.What kind of stress experience would Ellie feel in this example?

A) frustration
B) pressure
C) conflict
D) danger

Question 45

Which of the following people is experiencing an approach-approach conflict?

A) Nehir, who can't decide whether to go out with friends or stay home and study for tomorrow's test
B) Michel, who would like to go out with friends, but is low on cash
C) Linnea, who doesn't want to study, but is afraid of failing her exam
D) Raga, who wants to go out with her best friend, but wishes her friend's obnoxious boyfriend weren't coming along

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT an example of a daily hassle?

A) saying "no" to a persistent salesperson
B) finding that you have run out of coffee
C) losing your car keys
D) ending a romantic relationship

Question 47

Which of the following is FALSE about the Yerkes-Dodson law?

A) Low levels of physiological arousal yield the best performance under pressure.
B) High levels of physiological arousal yield the best performance under pressure.
C) Moderate levels of physiological arousal yield the best performance under pressure.
D) Both low and moderate physiological arousal yield the best performance under pressure.

Question 48

When a person must choose between two equally desirable options,what kind of conflict is this?

A) avoidance-approach
B) approach-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) avoidance-avoidance

Question 49

What is the difference between an approach-approach conflict and an approach-avoidance conflict?

A) An approach-approach conflict is choosing one choice that has multiple positive options, whereas an approach-avoidance conflict is choosing one choice that has both positive and negative aspects to it.
B) An approach-approach conflict is choosing between two equally desirable options, whereas an approach-avoidance conflict is choosing one choice that has both positive and negative aspects to it.
C) An approach-approach conflict is choosing one desirable option after another, whereas an approach-avoidance conflict is choosing one desirable option followed by an undesirable option.
D) An approach-approach conflict is choosing the option that everyone else wants, whereas an approach-avoidance conflict is choosing the less desirable option.

Question 50

Kateryna is driving in the fast lane when suddenly someone cuts in front of her,causing her to slam on her brakes.What kind of stress experience is Kateryna experiencing?

A) frustration
B) danger
C) pressure
D) conflict

Question 51

About athletic performance,which of the following statements is true?

A) The Yerkes-Dodson law correctly predicts performance.
B) Athletes perform best if they practice under high-pressure conditions.
C) Athletes perform best if they increase their arousal levels right before the competition begins.
D) Different athletes respond best to unique styles and techniques.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a form of stress discussed in your text?

A) frustration
B) pressure
C) conflict
D) apprehension

Question 53

All the following are examples of daily hassles EXCEPT ___.

A) minor violations of the law
B) work stress
C) childcare responsibilities
D) losing one's keys

Question 54

Manato is trying to watch his cable show when it is suddenly interrupted,and his show is cut off.He immediately tries to call the cable company and ends up on hold for 20 minutes.Then he finally reaches a real human being and they put him on hold for another 10 minutes.When they return,they've forgotten his question and put him on hold again.This time they return to say that they can't help him,but they'll transfer him to another department that can.What source of stress is Manato experiencing?

A) conflict
B) change
C) feeling pressured
D) daily hassles

Question 55

All the following are approach-avoidance conflicts EXCEPT ___.

A) wanting a new car, but hating the thought of car payments
B) being embarrassed by your old, beat-up car, but knowing that at least it is paid for
C) wanting a sports car, but being afraid of higher insurance costs
D) being undecided about whether to get the flashy sports car or a roomy SUV

Question 56

Which of the following types of conflict is most likely to result in procrastination?

A) an approach-approach conflict
B) an approach-avoidance conflict
C) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
D) There is no way to predict which one is more likely to cause procrastination.

Question 57

Emily has interviewed for two jobs,and both positions sound equally good.A few days later she is offered both jobs.What kind of stress experience would this cause in Emily?

A) daily hassles
B) change
C) approach-approach conflict
D) social pressure

Question 58

Madison was asked to the prom by Terrance and Julius.She had trouble deciding which date to accept because she liked them both.Which type of conflict is this an example of?

A) avoidance-avoidance
B) approach-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) pressure

Question 59

Which tool is used to measure life changes as a source of stress?

A) the undergraduate stress questionnaire
B) the chronic job stress scale
C) the daily hassles scale
D) the social readjustment rating scale

Question 60

Which of the following is true about daily hassles?

A) Daily hassles are usually small, insignificant events.
B) Their impact on health is less than the impact of major life events.
C) Measuring the impact of daily hassles is difficult.
D) Daily hassles only become stressful when they are combined with other events.

Question 61

Which of the following is true about life stressor events in different populations?

A) Women are more likely than men to rate personal injury as more stressful.
B) The things that are most stressful to people remain relatively stable from one generation to another.
C) Traumatic events are short-term stressors, but do not usually have long-term effects once the danger has passed.
D) Most of the stressful events experienced by college or university students are school-related.

Question 62

Which of the following is FALSE about the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)?

A) It measures the stressful events within the past year.
B) The scale has been criticized for failing to take cultural differences into account.
C) A score of less than 150 is associated with relatively little stress.
D) The events included on the stress scale are for negative events.

Question 63

About stressful events,young children are likely to consider ___ to be more stressful and adolescents are likely to consider ___ to be more stressful.

A) physical injury; physical injury
B) psychosocial events; psychosocial events
C) psychosocial events; physical injury
D) physical injury; psychosocial events

Question 64

Which bodily reaction(s)occur(s)in response to stress?

A) increased respiration
B) increased heart rate
C) tightening of stomach muscles
D) all of the above

Question 65

Physiologically we have two pathways that respond to stress.These pathways are called the

A) parasympathetic nervous system and thalamic-amygdala-pituitary axis.
B) sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
C) autonomic nervous system and central nervous system.
D) tempo-parietal pathway and dorso-lateral pathway.

Question 66

Which of the following items is found on the Social Readjustment Ratings Scale (SRRS)?

A) revision of personal habits
B) work-related stress
C) child care
D) conflict with romantic partner

Question 67

Which of the following events would create the highest level of stress for 14-year-old Anson?

A) breaking his leg
B) not having enough money to buy a new video game
C) not being invited to a party his friends are going to
D) his mother going away for a week-long conference

Question 68

Which of the following statements about the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)is true?

A) Higher scores on the SRRS predict minor illnesses but not major illnesses.
B) Having a score of more than 300 points on the SRRS means that you will become ill in the next year.
C) Higher scores on the SRRS have been associated with the development of cancer.
D) Higher scores on the SRRS are associated with diseases that have a psychological contribution, but not diseases that have only a biological basis.

Question 69

All the following are frequent sources of stress for minority group members EXCEPT

A) frequent contact with other minority group members.
B) frequent or blatant displays of racism.
C) subtle messages of inferiority.
D) balancing the demands of two cultures.

Question 70

Ethan just took the Social Readjustment Rating Scale and scored 172.What does this mean about his level of stress?

A) He has major life stress.
B) He has moderate stress.
C) He has mild stress.
D) He has very low stress.

Question 71

Esma is walking home through a dark alley when she suddenly hears a noise.Which stress response system will be most effective in the first few minutes?

A) Pathway 1 (SNS)
B) Pathway 2 (HPA Axis)
C) Both will equally effective.
D) Neither of these. Her peripheral nervous system will be most useful.

Question 72

Which of the following is/are classified as a powerful stressor(s)according to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)?

A) divorce
B) death of a spouse
C) facing a jail term
D) all of the above

Question 73

In Pathway 2,the fight-or-flight response begins in the ___.

A) sympathetic nervous system
B) pituitary gland
C) adrenal cortex
D) hypothalamus

Question 74

Which of the following events would create the highest level of stress for seven-year-old Julia?

A) breaking her leg
B) having her best friend tell her she "hates" her
C) getting caught lying to her father
D) not being allowed to go to a slumber party as punishment

Question 75

What would it actually mean if you got a high score on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

A) You have undergone many life changes.
B) You have many daily hassles.
C) You put a lot of internal pressure on yourself.
D) You have undergone a traumatic event recently.

Question 76

Which is the correct order of physiological response to stress?

A) hypothalamus ? adrenal medulla ? pituitary
B) hypothalamus ? adrenal cortex ? pituitary
C) hypothalamus ? pituitary ? adrenal medulla
D) hypothalamus ? pituitary ? adrenal cortex

Question 77

How do men and women typically differ with respect to what they consider stressful?

A) Women find failing at their goals as much more stressful than men.
B) Men find personal injury or illness and changes in work responsibilities as much more stressful than women.
C) Women find death of a family member and moving as much more stressful than men.
D) Men find loss of a job and credit problems as much more stressful than women.

Question 78

Which of the following is least in danger of suffering the effects of a chronic stressor?

A) Violet, whose 6 year old child has leukemia
B) Herman, who has stayed in an unhappy marriage for six years
C) Joel, who has a supportive family but lives in extreme poverty
D) Jonathon, who moved to a new university and is sharing a dorm room with his best friend

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT discussed in your book as a potential chronic stressor?

A) traffic jams
B) poverty
C) illness
D) noise

Question 80

Which of the following events receives the highest rating on the Social Readjustment Ratings Scale (SRRS)?

A) divorce
B) jail term
C) death of a spouse
D) personal injury or illness