Deck 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy.

Answer 1

-In general,receiving therapy is more likely to help people with psychological disorders than going without treatment.Research has found that each of the major forms of therapy is of some help to clients,although research also indicates that particular therapies are often best suited for certain disorders.
-Successful therapists often share similar effective elements in their approaches,regardless of their particular orientations.They provide feedback,help clients focus on their own thoughts and behaviour,pay careful attention to the way they interact with clients,and try to build a sense of self-mastery in their clients.
-Women and members of ethnic minority groups face pressures that sometimes contribute to psychological dysfunctioning.Culture-sensitive and gender-sensitive therapy approaches help clients become aware of and react adaptively to the gender-related and cultural pressures and issues they face.
-The empirically supported or evidence-based treatment movement seeks to identify which therapies have received clear research support for particular disorders,to propose corresponding treatment guidelines,and to spread such information to clinicians.

Question 2

Describe commonly used formats of therapy.

Answer 2

-Individual therapy,in which practitioners meet with one client at a time,is the oldest of the modern therapy formats.
-In group therapy,several clients with similar problems meet with a single therapist at the same time.Self-help groups are similar,but conducted without the leadership of a therapist.Both types of groups can be helpful for certain clients.
-Family therapy treats all members of a family,together or individually,and therapists usually consider the family as a system.
-Two people in a long-term relationship can seek couple therapy to help address issues in their relationship.
-Community mental health treatment focuses on preventing abnormal functioning through (1)primary prevention-policies that reduce psychological risk in a community; (2)secondary prevention-treating minor problems before they become serious; and (3)tertiary prevention-providing prompt treatment for moderate and severe disorders so they do not become long-term problems.

Question 3

More than two-thirds of today's therapy patients are male.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.

Question 5

Antidepressant drugs stimulate the production of synapses in the hippocampus.

Question 6

Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.

Question 7

Clients who have severe psychological disorders such as schizophrenia are more likely to work with a psychologist than psychiatrist.

Question 8

Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.

Question 9

Most patients who take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs report relief of their depressive symptoms almost immediately after the first day of use.

Question 10

Hospitalization for people with psychological disorders today usually lasts weeks instead of months or years.

Question 11

Most people are treated for psychological disorders on an inpatient basis.

Question 12

Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.

Question 13

Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.

Question 14

Only a few research studies have found psychodynamic therapies to be more effective than no treatment or placebo treatments.

Question 15

Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today,how they enter treatment,and what general features characterize different types of treatment.

Question 16

Lobotomies are used frequently by modern therapists to treat mental disorders.

Question 17

People at all socio-economic levels now receive both outpatient and inpatient therapy.

Question 18

Just as negative experiences can interact with brain activity to produce abnormal functioning; positive experiences can interact with the brain to make our functioning more normal.

Question 19

The number and variety of problems for which treatments are available have increased during the past 110 years.

Question 20

In psychodynamic therapies,the therapist is responsible for starting and leading each discussion.

Question 21

What two disorders make up more than 75% of all the diagnoses in Canada for a mental disorder?

A) anxiety and depression
B) schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder and borderline personality disorder
D) panic attacks and hallucinations

Question 22

Research has repeatedly found that systematic desensitization and other classical conditioning techniques reduce phobic reactions more effectively than placebo treatments or no treatment at all.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT one of the features of all therapies,according to Jerome Frank?

A) a warm, supportive environment to foster healing
B) a sufferer who seeks relief from a healer
C) a trained, socially accepted healer
D) a series of contacts between the healer and sufferer to produce change.

Question 24

According to research,people treated in couple therapy show greater improvements in their relationships than people who fail to receive such treatment.

Question 25

Approximately how many people (children,adolescents,and adults)in North America receive therapy for psychological problems over the course of a year?

A) 2 million
B) 5 million
C) 10 million
D) 20 million

Question 26

Gestalt therapists believe that subjective experiences and self-awareness can be measured objectively in controlled laboratory studies.

Question 27

A type of therapy that uses communication and interaction to overcome a client's psychological difficulties is called

A) biological therapy.
B) physiological therapy.
C) physical therapy.
D) psychotherapy.

Question 28

Although some studies report improvements among people who receive client-centred therapy,most controlled research finds it to be of limited effectiveness.

Question 29

Results of studies that compare the various forms of therapies to one another have shown that no one form of therapy generally stands out over all others.

Question 30

Group therapy is often less helpful than individual therapy.

Question 31

Research suggests that psychodynamic therapies seem to be the most effective of all treatments for specific phobias.

Question 32

Ashton is playing a trivia game with his psychology study group.In this game,his team needs to identify the 'false' fact among a set of facts about treatment for mental illness.Which of the following facts should Ashton choose?

A) One in ten Canadians will experience a mental illness in their lifetime.
B) Diagnoses of depression or anxiety constitute 75% of the diagnoses of mental illness.
C) Two-thirds of today's therapy patients are female.
D) Most patients in therapy are treated as out-patients.

Question 33

Around one-third of depressed people who are treated with Beck's cognitive approach improve.

Question 34

Studies conducted in countries across the world have found that members of ethnic and racial minority groups typically show less improvement in clinical treatment,make less use of mental health services,and stop therapy sooner than members of majority groups.

Question 35

In rational-emotive therapy,therapists confront clients' irrational assumptions in a blunt and humorous manner.

Question 36

Couples involved in marital therapy must be married or at least living together.

Question 37

The effects of aversion therapy are typically short-lived.

Question 38

Skillful frustration includes refusing to meet a client's expectations or demands.

Question 39

Dysfunctional individuals may be able to overcome their difficulties by modifying their faulty thought processes.

Question 40

According to Beck,many of the thought processes of depressed individuals are logical.

Question 41

Zhu has been prescribed a medication to reduce the hallucinations,delusions,and confusion she experiences with her schizophrenia.Zhu has probably been prescribed a/an ___ drug.

A) antidepressant
B) antipsychotic
C) mood stabilizer
D) antianxiety

Question 42

Which of the following individuals is most likely to seek treatment?

A) Ji-hun, who has just learned he has a mental illness
B) Ivan, who has struggled with a mental illness for over 2 years now
C) Maisie, who has just learned that she has a mental illness
D) Beatrice, who has struggled with a mental illness for over 2 years now

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT one of the three principle kinds of brain interventions?

A) drug therapy
B) cognitive restructuring
C) psychosurgery
D) electroconvulsive therapy

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT evidence of on-going stigma surrounding seeking treatment for mental illness in Canada?

A) Many people wait more than two years after becoming aware they have a problem to seek treatment.
B) At least half of Canadians with psychological disorders never seek treatment.
C) Most people who seek treatment are concerned about their family and friends knowing about it.
D) All are all evidence of on-going stigma.

Question 45

Chlorpromazine and clozapine are types of ___ drugs.

A) antipsychotic
B) antidepressant
C) antianxiety
D) mood stabilizers

Question 46

Agatha is suffering from depression and has decided to seek treatment.In this treatment,Agatha sits down with a therapist and they talk together.What kind of treatment is this called?

A) physiological therapy
B) biological therapy
C) psychotherapy
D) psychopharmacology

Question 47

What is a reason that many people who need treatment for a mental illness don't get it,or wait on average 2 years to seek it?

A) Treatment doesn't work.
B) Treatment is too expensive.
C) The stigma associated with having a mental illness.
D) Treatment takes too long.

Question 48

Jeremy was recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder.Which of the following medications might he be prescribed?

A) antidepressant
B) antipsychotic
C) mood stabilizer
D) antianxiety

Question 49

What is the main reason that people who need help with a mental illness don't seek treatment?

A) There is no treatment available for mental illness.
B) The stigma associated with mental illness.
C) It is too expensive.
D) It takes too long.

Question 50

Psychiatrists are likely to use which of the following approaches to treating psychological disorders?

A) humanistic approach
B) biological approach
C) behavioural approach
D) cognitive approach

Question 51

What percentage of Canadians will experience a mental illness in their lifetime?

A) 20%
B) 25%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 52

Drugs that act primarily on the brain and significantly reduce the symptoms of psychological disorders are called

A) antidepressants.
B) antipsychotics.
C) psychotropics.
D) psychopharmics.

Question 53

Which of the following are most common among Canadians diagnosed with a mental illness each year?

A) substance-related disorders
B) depression and anxiety disorders
C) "problems in living"
D) schizophrenia

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a changing trend in the characteristics of clients who seek therapy?

A) People at all socio-economic levels receive outpatient and inpatient therapy.
B) More members of ethnic minority groups are seeking treatment for psychological problems.
C) Men are more willing to seek treatment for psychological problems than before.
D) These are all changes in clients who seek therapy.

Question 55

What proportion of people treated in hospital for a mental illness are readmitted within a year?

A) 1/2
B) 1/3
C) 1/4
D) 1/10

Question 56

What is the most typical therapy patient today?

A) a man suffering from schizophrenia
B) a man suffering from depression
C) a woman suffering from bipolar disorder
D) a woman suffering from anxiety

Question 57

Elodie is seeking treatment,and reports that sometimes she hears a voice telling her to clean her house.She also says that she believes that there are hidden cameras all throughout her house that are recording the level of germs in her house,and that something bad will happen if the germ level gets too high.What type of treatment will most likely be used on Elodie?

A) mood stabilizing drugs
B) ECT
C) antipsychotic drugs
D) lobotomy

Question 58

Which of the following therapy techniques is based on the biological approach to treating psychological disorders?

A) psychosurgery
B) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
C) drug therapy
D) all of the above

Question 59

Jovana has schizophrenia.Which professional would be most likely to treat her?

A) a psychologist at an inpatient clinic
B) a psychologist at an outpatient clinic
C) a social worker at a psychiatric hospital
D) a psychiatrist

Question 60

What is a problem with deinstitutionalization?

A) Longer hospital stays have been found to decrease chances for recovery.
B) The community treatment facilities can't handle the excess patients.
C) These patients would rather be homeless than stay in the hospital.
D) Most hospital patients are recovered in a matter of days, not weeks.

Question 61

Which of the following statements about ECT is FALSE?

A) It induces seizures in the brain.
B) It helps 70% of patients treated.
C) It can affect short-term memory, sometimes permanently.
D) It is used more now than in the past because of more advanced medical techniques.

Question 62

Which of the following best describes the difference between MAOI's,tricyclics,and SSRI's?

A) They are used to treat different disorders.
B) They all treat anxiety disorders, but act on different neurotransmitters.
C) They all treat depression, but act on different neurotransmitters.
D) Whereas the side effects of MAOI's and tricyclics are mild, SSRI's have many serious side effects including risk of suicide.

Question 63

Anja is suffering from severe depression and her doctors want to use ECT as a treatment tool.What side effect should Anja be concerned about?

A) She may feel more anxious afterwards.
B) She may have an increase in appetite.
C) She may have some memory loss.
D) She may experience insomnia.

Question 64

Approximately ___ of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)patients who are treated daily for two to four weeks report alleviated depression.

A) 40%
B) 55%
C) 65%
D) 80%

Question 65

Fujita has been recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder.Which of the following medications is she most likely to be prescribed?

A) Xanax
B) Fluoxetine
C) Lithium
D) Chlorpromazine

Question 66

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)is a treatment for patients who have severe ___.

A) schizophrenia
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) borderline personality disorder
D) depression

Question 67

Approximately ___ of vagus nerve stimulation patients experience significant symptom relief.

A) 40%
B) 55%
C) 65%
D) 80%

Question 68

Which of the following is an antidepressant?

A) Lithium
B) Fluoxetine
C) Benzodiazepine
D) Clozaril

Question 69

Luis has been taking chlorpromazine but has developed side effects such as muscle contractions of his face and body.What alternative might his psychiatrist recommend?

A) psychotherapy
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) atypical antispychotics
D) vagus nerve stimulation

Question 70

Which of the following drugs is likely to cause severe shaking and contractions of the face and body?

A) antidepressants
B) antipsychotic drugs
C) mood stabilizers
D) antianxiety drugs

Question 71

The primary action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)is to ___ of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain.

A) decrease the availability
B) increase the availability
C) stop the production
D) simulate a synthetic substance that mimics the effects

Question 72

Eymen has been dealing with major depression for years now,and nothing he has tried has worked.He has been on several types of medications,and he has tried distinct types of talk therapies and group therapies.Nothing has worked,and now Eymen is ready to give up and is having thoughts of suicide.What is the best treatment for Eymen at this point?

A) ECT
B) lobotomy
C) mood stabilizers
D) a different kind of antidepressant

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT an antidepressant?

A) Elavil
B) Norpramin
C) Paxil
D) Valium

Question 74

ECT is one available treatment for

A) depression.
B) schizophrenia.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) personality disorders.

Question 75

Keenan has been taking antipsychotics for a long time.Which of the following neurological disorders is he at risk of developing?

A) Tardive Dyskinesia
B) Alzheimer's Disease
C) Multiple Sclerosis
D) Parkinson's Disease

Question 76

Which of the following treatments does NOT use an electric current to alleviate abnormal symptoms?

A) trephining
B) deep brain stimulation
C) ECT
D) TMS

Question 77

Connections in what part of the brain are severed when a lobotomy is performed?

A) Frontal lobes
B) Thalamus
C) Amygdala
D) Pons

Question 78

SSRIs help with depression in a multitude of ways.Which of the following is NOT one of these ways?

A) restores activity in the prefrontal cortex
B) increases the production of dopamine
C) blocks the reuptake of serotonin
D) stimulates the production of synapses in the hippocampus

Question 79

Which of the following statements about biologically-based disorders is true?

A) In most biologically-based disorders, a single gene has been identified as responsible for the disorder.
B) If someone has a genetic predisposition for a specific disorder, that person will develop the disorder.
C) More psychological disorders are caused by problems in neurotransmitter levels than by genetic problems.
D) Abnormal functioning is a complex interaction of a variety of biological processes.

Question 80

Barry is 18 years old and has begun taking an SSRI for depression.His doctor wants to keep a close eye on him for the first 2 months and see how he's doing.What is his doctor most likely concerned about?

A) tardive dyskinesia
B) high blood pressure
C) a rare blood disease
D) suicide