Deck 6: Dissociative and Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Question 1

Two forms of amnesia are-----------------amnesia,in which an individual forgets his or her entire life history,and--------------amnesia,in which a person can remember nothing following a certain point in time.

A)localized; continuous
B)localized; generalized
C)systematized; selective
D)generalized; localized
E)generalized; continuous

Answer 1

generalized; continuous

Question 2

Leanne experiences the sudden feeling of being detached from herself.The term best suited to describe her experience is

A)depersonalization/derealization disorder.
B)dissociative identity disorder.
C)dissociative amnesia with fugue.
D)dissociative amnesia.
E)repression.

Answer 2

depersonalization/derealization disorder.

Question 3

Dissociative amnesia with fugue is a loss of memory with the added dimension of

A)mania.
B)substance abuse.
C)psychosis.
D)physical flight.
E)depression.

Answer 3

physical flight.

Question 4

Which of the following matches is incorrect?

A)continuous amnesia: failure to recall information from a specific date until the present
B)selective amnesia: failure to recall only certain categories of information
C)localized amnesia: failure to recall information during a specific period of time
D)generalized amnesia: failure to recall anything in one's lifetime
E)systematized amnesia: failure to recall certain categories of information

Question 5

In earlier editions of the DSM,dissociative and somatic symptom and related disorders were categorized as

A)psychoses.
B)depressive disorders.
C)somatic symptom disorder.
D)neuroses.
E)physical disorders.

Question 6

--------- is the DSM-5 label for the disorder in which certain aspects of a person's identity become detached or dissociated; it was formerly known as---------.

A)Multiple personality disorder; dissociative identity disorder
B)Dissociative identity disorder; split personality disorder
C)Dissociative identity disorder; multiple personality disorder
D)Split personality disorder; multiple personality disorder
E)Multiple personality disorder; split personality disorder

Question 7

At present,dissociative disorders are characterized by

A)flat affect.
B)severe brain damage.
C)delusions and hallucinations.
D)alterations of identity,memory,and consciousness.
E)poor concentration.

Question 8

Heather has suddenly left here home and has lost all memory of herself and her past life.She is most likely suffering from

A)repression.
B)depersonalization/derealization disorder.
C)dissociative amnesia.
D)dissociative amnesia with fugue.
E)dissociative identity disorder.

Question 9

Depersonalization/derealization disorder differs from the other dissociative disorders,in that

A)there are no symptoms of memory impairment or identity confusion.
B)there does not appear to be any sort of dissociative process going on.
C)only with this disorder is there a loss of awareness of one's central and knowing self.
D)there are reduced or no symptoms of a feeling of depersonalization/ derealization.
E)it alone is associated with history of trauma,particularly emotional abuse.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT among the five patterns of memory loss described in the DSM-5?

A)localized
B)regressive
C)generalized
D)selective
E)continuous

Question 11

The different unique personalities in an individual diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder are often referred to as

A)alternates.
B)others.
C)egos.
D)splits.
E)alters.

Question 12

Wendy feels as though she is outside of her body,observing her own behaviour.This experience is a symptom of

A)dissociative amnesia with fugue.
B)dissociative identity disorder.
C)dissociative amnesia.
D)repressed memory.
E)derealization/depersonalization.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true of depersonalization disorder?

A)People with this disorder often describe themselves as feeling like a robot that is able to respond to those nearby but without feeling connected to their actions.
B)It is characterized by a feeling of detachment from one's self or surroundings.
C)It typically is not associated with depression or anxiety; indeed,patients often display an indifference to their symptoms (la belle indifference).
D)It is highly related to a history of trauma,particularly emotional abuse.
E)A diagnosis of this disorder is usually made in adolescence and tends to be chronic in nature.

Question 14

Feelings of depersonalization/derealization disorder are quite common in young adults,and they are only considered pathological when

A)they occur at least 5 times a week.
B)they occur in conjunction with substance use.
C)they occur in conjunction with depersonalization/derealization disorder.
D)they occur in conjunction with feelings of anxiety or depression.
E)they are persistent and personally distressing.

Question 15

Which of the following matches is incorrect?

A)dissociative amnesia : inability to recall important personal information
B)depersonalization/derealization disorder : presence of two or more personalities
C)dissociative identity disorder : presence of two or more personalities
D)dissociative amnesia with fugue : sudden,unexpected flight from home
E)depersonalization/derealization disorder : feeling of being detached from oneself

Question 16

With regard to brain correlates of depersonalization disorder,the textbook cites research that suggests-----------------play(s)a role.

A)perceptual pathways
B)temporal lobe epilepsy
C)circuits involved in awareness and working memory
D)processing functions
E)circuits responsible for adaptive integration of emotional learning with decision- making

Question 17

A disorder in which people are induced by therapists to remember events that have never occurred is referred to as

A)iatrogenic memory syndrome.
B)trauma-repression syndrome.
C)creative recall syndrome.
D)false memory syndrome.
E)distorted memory syndrome.

Question 18

Approximately---------------percent of the general population have some type of dissociative disorder whereas--------------percent of psychiatric patients do.

A)0)5% ; 1.5 to 3%
B)1)5% ; 3 to 6%
C)3% ; 5 to 11%
D)6% ; 10 to 16%
E)9)1%; 15 to 21 %

Question 19

The dissociative disorders have a high degree of comorbidity

A)with physical complaints that clearly don't have a medical cause.
B)with types of delirium,dementias and amnestic disorders.
C)with anxiety,mood and personality disorders.
D)in terms of severe maladaptive disruptions or alternations of identity,memory and consciousness that are experienced as being beyond one's control.
E)in terms of physical sympotms suggestive of medical illness,but no organic basis can be found to account for them.

Question 20

Dissociative and somatic symptom disorder were viewed by Plato as expressions of--------------------,which denoted a symptom pattern of emotional excitability and physical symptoms without medical cause,and which was felt to be caused by a----------.

A)neurosis ; suppression of psychic stress
B)neurosis ; repression of traumatic memories
C)brain degeneration ; an over-excitable brain and nervous system
D)hysteria; repression of traumatic memories
E)hysteria; wandering uterus

Question 21

Which of the following is true of the treatment and prognosis of dissociative identity disorder?

A)There have been few attempts to evaluate the success of the treatments.
B)There is considerable evidence that individuals get better without professional help.
C)There is general consensus among experts regarding a specific series of steps that are followed.
D)In general,the prognosis is optimistic.
E)Medication has been found to be useful in treating the disorder.

Question 22

Nick Spanos was a leading proponent of the--------model of DID.

A)iatrogenic
B)trauma
C)medical
D)socio-cognitive
E)repressed memory

Question 23

Heather is deliberately faking symptoms of illness in order to gain the attention of doctors.This behaviour is best described by the term

A)conversion disorder.
B)factitious disorder.
C)malingering.
D)somatizing.
E)faking.

Question 24

There is some similarity between illness anxiety disorder and------------.

A)panic disorder
B)conversion disorder
C)depression
D)psychogenic pain
E)dissociative amnesia

Question 25

Research on dissociative identity disorder suggests that over---------------percent of patients report severe childhood physical and/or sexual abuse.

A)75
B)90
C)50
D)10
E)25

Question 26

In somatic symptom disorder,patients usually attribute their symptoms to

A)feelings of depersonalization/derealization.
B)psychological problems.
C)an insecure attachment with their parents as children.
D)depression.
E)medical problems.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps that is usually followed in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder?

A)discussing emotionally charges memories of past trauma
B)helping patients develop new coping skills
C)integrating the various personalities
D)using hypnosis to assist the patient in role playing the various alters
E)the establishment of trust through a careful discussion of the risks and benefits of therapy

Question 28

Deliberately adopting the sick role and complaining of symptoms to achieve some specific objective is characteristic of

A)la belle indifference.
B)factitious disorders.
C)somatic symptom disorder.
D)malingering.
E)illness anxiety disorder.

Question 29

Which of the following is TRUE of dissociative identity disorder?

A)Alters may have different eyeglass prescriptions and allergies.
B)For a diagnosis there must be at least 4 alters which control the person's behaviour.
C)Alters typically share the same memories and have similar histories and mannerisms.
D)The various personalities always claim to be of the same gender.
E)The host is never aware of the various alters.

Question 30

Recent research suggests that conversion symptoms in people with conversion disorder result from

A)self-hypnosis.
B)psychogenic pain.
C)malingering.
D)therapeutic suggestion.
E)valid medical problems.

Question 31

Sandra is experiencing a loss of vision for which her doctor can find no physical cause.The term best suited to describing her condition is

A)factitious disorder.
B)illness anxiety disorder.
C)somatic symptom disorder.
D)conversion disorder.
E)none of the above

Question 32

The term la belle indifference refers to

A)the lack of worry patients with conversion disorder display about their symptoms.
B)the lack of awareness of each other displayed by each of the alters in patients suffering from dissociative identity disorder.
C)the attitude displayed by people accused of malingering.
D)the lack of awareness of their condition displayed by patients suffering from dissociative amnesia with fugue.
E)the lack of concern doctors show for patients suffering from conversion disorder.

Question 33

Which of the following represents an overconcern about serious disease?

A)malingering
B)illness anxiety disorder
C)conversion disorder
D)factitious disorder
E)none of the above

Question 34

In conversion disorder

A)there is excessive preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated body disfigurement.
B)people have long-standing fears,suspicions,or convictions about having a serious disease.
C)a pattern of multiple,recurring,somatic complaints that have no diagnosable basis are observed,leading the individual to seek medical treatment.
D)psychological factors are important in the onset,exacerbation,severity,or maintenance of the patient's pain complaints.
E)symptoms are observed in voluntary motor or sensory functions that suggest neurological causes,but these cannot be confirmed.

Question 35

Somatic symptom and related disorders were at one time viewed as masked

A)aggression.
B)anxiety.
C)depression.
D)psychological conflict.
E)obsessions.

Question 36

Which of the following medications is sometimes used in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder and associated comorbid disorders?

A)a variety of SSRIs
B)antipsychotics,such as Haldol
C)sodium amytal
D)antianxiety drugs,such as Valium
E)antidepressants,such as Prozac

Question 37

According to Merskey,cases of dissociative identity disorder

A)represent a legitimate psychiatric disorder.
B)are most frequently found in individuals with criminal inclinations.
C)may be iatrogenic conditions unintentionally caused by practitioners.
D)are frequently cases of individuals faking or malingering their illnesses.
E)are more common outside of North America.

Question 38

Which of the following is true of the transition from one alter to another?

A)It is often called the "transfer".
B)It cannot be artificially precipitated,such as through hypnotic suggestion.
C)It is often precipitated by stress or other identifiable cue in the environment.
D)It happens gradually,with the dominant alter fading and the new one growing stronger.
E)It is always obvious when a transition between alters has occurred.

Question 39

"Glove anesthesia" refers to

A)loss of sensation in the hands when wearing gloves.
B)loss of sensation in the extremities.
C)loss of sensation in the part of the hands which would be covered by gloves.
D)an inability to remember where one has left one's gloves and keys.
E)an extreme fear of wearing gloves.

Question 40

Recently,experts have suggested that conversion disorder might best be viewed as a form of

A)somatic symptom disorder .
B)dissociative amnesia.
C)factitious disorder.
D)dissociative disorder.
E)none of the above

Question 41

Plato believed that the dissociative and somatic symptom disorder were caused by a wandering uterus.

Question 42

Though Hippocratic writing made some reference to dissociative disorders,Plato was among the first to consider the causes involved in these disorders.

Question 43

Dissociation was emphasized in early Christianity as a function of God's will.

Question 44

Current thought about dissociative and somatic symptom and related disorders suggests that both have are characterized by physical symptoms and/or behavior thought to be caused or exacerbated by elevated serotonin levels.

Question 45

The separate personalities in a person suffering from dissociative identity disorder are often referred to as "alters."

Question 46

The transition from one alter to another is called a "jump."

Question 47

In the middle ages,supernatural beliefs of Plato were soon replaced by more scientific accounts of mental disorders,including the syndromes we recognize as dissociative and somatic symptom and related disorders.

Question 48

Proponents of false memory syndrome argue that therapists may inadvertently lead patients to uncover repressed memories that have been distorted.

Question 49

The defining symptom of the dissociative disorders is the disruption of mental processes involved in memory or consciousness that are normally integrated.

Question 50

Feelings of depersonalization/derealization are a rare experience.

Question 51

Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by the presence of two or more personalities.

Question 52

There is no evidence that people with dissociative disorders score higher on measures of hypnotizability.

Question 53

The average number of personalities in dissociative personality disorder is five.

Question 54

Merskey has argued that dissociative identity disorder is created by the power of suggestion.

Question 55

In malingering,individuals deliberately fake or generate the symptoms of illness in order to gain their doctor's attention.

Question 56

Current treatments for somatic symptom and related disorders focus on

A)integrating the various personalities into a single personality.
B)finding the most appropriate pharmacological intervention for the particular individual.
C)helping individuals acquire insight into the origins of their difficulties.
D)the use of hypnosis to help individuals uncover forgotten memories of traumatic events that may be at the root of many of these disorders.
E)affective,cognitive,or social processes that maintain these disorders.

Question 57

Dissociative symptoms and disorders are common among psychiatry patients and often co-occur with depression,anxiety and personality disorders.

Question 58

Medication is generally not useful in the direct treatment of DID.

Question 59

Conversion disorder is characterized by voluntary motor or sensory symptoms that reflect underlying neurological,although not anatomical,dysfunction.

Question 60

Canadian psychologist Nick Spanos was an articulate supporter of the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder.

Question 61

What are the various personalities in a person with dissociative identity disorder called? How many of these personalities must there be for a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder?

Question 62

Briefly define malingering and factitious disorders,and distinguish them from somatic symptom and related disorders in general.

Question 63

Patients with conversion disorder tend to be quite anxious about their symptoms.

Question 64

List the somatic symptom and related disorders and summarize your impression of the current status of this diagnostic category.What are the scientific reasons for keeping this category and the disorders within?

Question 65

List and BRIEFLY discuss the defining features of 3 somatic symptom and related disorders from the DSM-5.

Question 66

DSM-5 criteria for conversion disorder requires ruling out that the patient is not feigning the disorder.

Question 67

Identify and describe the major characteristics of three types of dissociative disorders.

Question 68

Describe five patterns of memory loss characteristic of dissociative amnesia.

Question 69

What is the defining symptom of dissociative disorders? What were dissociative disorders categorized as in earlier editions of the DSM? What specific dissociative disorder has changed names recently?