Deck 11: Substance-Related Disorders

Question 1

Alcohol begins to affect driving ability at a BAL of

A).05.
B).03.
C).01.
D).10.
E).08.

Answer 1

.05.

Question 2

Alcohol was widely consumed by the Europeans in part because

A)alcoholism was widespread across Europe.
B)it made colonizing North and South America an easier task.
C)it was believed to have beneficial health effects.
D)they wanted North American aboriginals to engage in self-destructive activities.
E)the quality of the drinking water was quite poor.

Answer 2

the quality of the drinking water was quite poor.

Question 3

Problems in relationships,missing work,failing exams,putting yourself or others in danger ...These could all be consequences of

A)habituation.
B)substance intoxication.
C)tolerance.
D)substance use disorder.
E)substance dependence.

Answer 3

substance use disorder.

Question 4

The first alcohol consumed by humans was

A)wine.
B)beer.
C)vodka.
D)mead.
E)spirits.

Question 5

According to a recent survey,approximatelyof every 5 Canadians reported drinking alcohol in the previous year.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 6

Synergistic effects occur when

A)combined drug effects are different or greater than the sum of their individual effects.
B)drug effects are greater when combined with alcohol.
C)combined drug effects last longer than the sum of their individual effects.
D)the risk of addiction is greater when a drug is taken with alcohol.
E)a drug's effect is neutralized when taken together with another drug.

Question 7

The removal of alcohol from the body is NOT dependent upon

A)the proportion of body fat.
B)the amount of alcohol dehydrogenase in the body.
C)rate of alcoholic intake.
D)the amount of food one consumes prior to drinking.
E)whether a person is male or female.

Question 8

Hangover symptoms such as upset stomach,fatigue,headache,and thirst can be remedied by

A)vegetable juice.
B)rest and time.
C)coffee and cigarettes.
D)more alcohol.
E)a bowl of cereal.

Question 9

Susan is of average size and weight.In order for her to maintain a constant BAL,she should consume no more than

A)1 drink every five hours.
B)1 drink every hour.
C)5 drinks in one night.
D)1 drink every two hours.
E)2 drinks per hour.

Question 10

The majority of people who have reported drinking can be categorized as
Drinkers.

A)light frequent
B)light infrequent
C)heavy infrequent
D)moderate frequent
E)heavy frequent

Question 11

Susan's friend bought her a drink,and told her that it contained alcohol,even though it didn't.However,after drinking several of these "fake cocktails," Susan began to feel more relaxed,sociable,and sexually attractive.These effects were probably most influenced by

A)Susan's evening out with her friend.
B)the fact that Susan's friend lied to her.
C)Susan's beliefs about the effects of alcohol.
D)Susan was not feeling very well.
E)the atmosphere of the bar.

Question 12

Tolerance is best defined as

A)a need for increased amounts of a substance in order to achieve previous effects.
B)a lack of control over the use of a substance.
C)physiological changes in the body due to use of a substance.
D)being accustomed to a substance due to regular usage.
E)a reversible and temporary condition that results from substance use.

Question 13

Sylvia finds that having a few drinks doesn't really affect her very much,but she got extremely dizzy and nauseous after drinking wine when she'd taken an aspirin.These effects resulted because

A)the combination of the two substances had a greater effect than one alone.
B)Sylvia hadn't yet developed a tolerance for the drugs.
C)Sylvia was displaying withdrawal symptoms.
D)she had forgotten to eat before drinking.
E)Sylvia was exhibiting an impairment of control.

Question 14

Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding substance use disorder and Canada's indigenous populations?

A)Aboriginal youths tend to consume more alcohol than Caucasian youths.
B)Alcohol use on the aboriginal reserves is more prevalent than other areas in Canada.
C)The impact on health of alcohol use by other Canadians is more severe than it is for aboriginal populations.
D)Alcohol use by other Canadians is greater than it is in aboriginal populations.
E)The rates of health problems associated with alcohol use are significantly higher in aboriginal populations.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true regarding the absorption of alcohol?

A)Most alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream from the large intestine.
B)Alcohol is generally absorbed by fatty tissues in the body.
C)Most alcohol passes directly into the blood from the stomach.
D)Alcohol requires digestion to enter the bloodstream.
E)Most alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine.

Question 16

The two brain regions most damaged by heavy alcohol use are

A)limbic system and medulla.
B)cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
C)basal ganglia and cerebellum.
D)thalamus and hypothalamus.
E)septum and amygdala.

Question 17

Alcohol is a(n)but the initial effect of alcohol is.

A)hallucinogen; depressing
B)stimulant; relaxing
C)depressant; stimulating
D)stimulant; depressing
E)depressant; relaxing

Question 18

Nausea,headache,and tremors are all withdrawal symptoms and may be caused by the

A)removal of the substance from the body.
B)ingestion of several different substances at one time.
C)when a substance loses its addictive qualities.
D)ingestion of too much alcohol.
E)body's attempt to fight a foreign substance in the bloodstream.

Question 19

Moderate consumption of alcohol has been related to

A)lower incidence of coronary heart disease.
B)liver damage.
C)cancer.
D)malnutrition.
E)damage to the heart muscle.

Question 20

Research into the perceived effects of alcohol consumption has shown that

A)perceived and actual effects appear unrelated.
B)physiological arousal and aggressive behaviour are inversely related to the perceived amount of alcohol consumed.
C)most people can tell the difference between the perceived and actual effects of alcohol.
D)subjects behave more aggressively and report more sexual arousal when they believed they had consumed alcohol.
E)subjects who drank an alcoholic beverage without knowing it reported less sexual arousal,even though physiological measures showed arousal.

Question 21

Which of the following statements support the alcohol expectancy theory?

A)Joe drinks a lot because he believes it will put him in a better mood,even though he actually becomes more aggressive.
B)Adolescents are unaffected by positive expectancies of alcohol effects.
C)Both alcoholics and nonalcoholics drink less when they believe their drinks contain alcohol.
D)Non-problem drinkers are more likely to believe that alcohol will have a positive effect.
E)Alcoholics and heavy social drinkers are more likely to believe that alcohol will have a negative effect.

Question 22

Which group represents the greatest number of alcohol-related causes of death?

A)motor vehicle accidents,cancer of the liver,Korsakoff's syndrome
B)motor vehicle accidents,cancer of the stomach,heart attack
C)cirrhosis of the liver,Korsakoff's syndrome,cancer
D)motor vehicle accidents,cirrhosis of the liver,suicide
E)accidental shootings,cancer of the mouth,suicide

Question 23

The treatment philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous is based on a model and the treatment goal is.

A)personal; support
B)disease; abstinence
C)physical; somatic
D)mental; education
E)psychosocial; abstinence

Question 24

What is the main goal of the Minnesota model for the treatment of alcohol dependence?

A)abstinence
B)changing the expectations drinkers have about alcohol effects
C)controlled drinking
D)treating the withdrawal symptoms
E)educating people about the consequences of alcohol abuse

Question 25

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders often include CNS abnormalities which can manifest cognitively or behaviorally in various ways.Which of the following is NOT named in the textbook as a correlate of FASD?

A)ADHD symptoms and/or full diagnosis
B)learning disabilities
C)mood disorders
D)excessively cautious / fearful temperament
E)alcohol / drug problems and trouble with the law

Question 26

Rico is an alcoholic,and even though he sometimes tries to quit,he craves alcohol and feels better after drinking it.His doctor has prescribed Naltrexone to help him abstain from alcohol.How does this medication work?

A)It blocks the neurotransmitters that mediate alcohol's effects on the brain.
B)It reduces the positive expectations about alcohol.
C)It blocks the action of the enzyme that metabolizes alcohol,making the individual sick.
D)It acts to mimic the effects of alcohol,thus making withdrawal more bearable.
E)It reduces some of the tendencies associated with certain personality characteristics that lead to drinking.

Question 27

If you were a physician examining the brain wave activity of alcoholics,non-problem drinkers,and their children,you would likely find that

A)sons and daughters of alcoholics show smaller P300 amplitudes than children of non- alcoholic fathers.
B)sons of alcoholic fathers show higher than normal rates of theta waves.
C)sons of alcoholic fathers show higher than normal rates of alpha waves.
D)sons and daughters of alcoholics show larger P300 amplitudes than children of non- alcoholic fathers.
E)sons of alcoholic fathers have lower than normal rates of beta waves.

Question 28

Moderate alcohol consumption is associated withwhereas heavy alcohol use has been associated with.

A)temporary enhancement of the heart muscle and vascular system functionality; damage to the cardiovascular system
B)moderately elevated risk of heart disease; damage to heart muscle and vascular system
C)reduced risk of heart disease; damage to the heart muscle and vascular system
D)mildly elevated blood pressure; dangerous suppression of the cardiovascular system
E)mildly elevated risk of heart disease; damage to the heart muscle and vascular system

Question 29

Antabuse is successful at reducing alcohol use because

A)it increases the amount of acetyladehyde dehydrogenase in the body.
B)it makes people feel better without having to drink.
C)compliance is generally not a problem.
D)it changes positive expectancies about alcohol effects to negative ones.
E)it causes many unpleasant effects when a person drinks.

Question 30

The twelve steps that define AA indicate that

A)that alcoholics are powerless to control drinking and must rely on a Higher Power.
B)alcoholics can follow these steps on their own and eventually quit drinking.
C)success depends on social support.
D)alcoholism can be cured if meetings are attended regularly.
E)alcoholics must attend mass regularly in conjunction with AA meetings.

Question 31

In terms of the genetic influences for becoming an alcoholic,it has been shown that

A)most offspring of alcoholics become so themselves.
B)the enzyme necessary for breaking down alcohol is not present in alcoholic individuals.
C)the brains of alcoholics contain a gene that influences the sensitivity of dopamine receptors to alcohol.
D)alcoholics have a specific abnormality on chromosome 10.
E)the concordance rate for monozygotic twins is generally higher than it is for dizygotic twins.

Question 32

Alcoholics Anonymous is

A)a religious group that condemns the use of alcohol.
B)one of the best known approaches to the treatment of alcoholism.
C)an intensive,short-term support group for alcoholics.
D)a treatment program based on psychodynamic principles.
E)a treatment group,consisting of alcoholics at different stages,run by a therapist who was a former alcoholic.

Question 33

Health care providers recommend that women consumeduring pregnancy.

A)nothing at all
B)moderately
C)one alcoholic beverage a day
D)four to six drinks a day
E)two martinis

Question 34

The Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse (2006)data shows that accounts for 43% of all substance related costs,whereasandaccount for 37% and 20.7% respectively

A)tobacco ; marijuana; alcohol
B)illegal drugs ; alcohol ; tobacco
C)tobacco ; alcohol ; illegal drugs
D)alcohol ; marijuana ; illegal drugs
E)alcohol ; illegal drugs ; tobacco

Question 35

A general survey conducted by Statistics Canada in 2004 regarding whether drinking had adversely affected people's lives in several areas,it was found that

A)the majority of problems involved work or school.
B)the number one problem concerned personal happiness.
C)men were more likely to report drinking-related problems.
D)youths were most likely to report legal violations related to drinking.
E)most problems were related to health,finance,and friendships.

Question 36

The personality characteristic most strongly associated with alcoholism is

A)psychoticism.
B)negative emotionality.
C)perfectionism.
D)introversion.
E)behavioural disinhibition.

Question 37

Medications are sometimes used in the treatment of alcoholics,mainly to

A)reduce the impact of the stressors that are causing them to drink in the first place.
B)decrease feelings of nausea when alcohol is consumed.
C)counter the effects of malnutrition caused by drinking excessively.
D)ease the negative effects of hangovers.
E)reduce the pleasurable feelings that result from drinking.

Question 38

Given the behavioural tolerance effect of drug use,an addict might be most severely impaired when drinking

A)with his friends at the bar that they frequent once a week.
B)at a house that he has never been to before.
C)home alone where he always drinks.
D)at night when he watches television.
E)at an office party.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true regarding markers of vulnerability to alcohol?

A)Men with alcoholic relatives tend to show an increased heart rate after consuming alcohol.
B)MAO activity is higher in alcoholics.
C)Sons of alcoholic fathers have lower than normal rates of the fast beta wave.
D)High levels of serotonin have been associated with the impulsivity,aggressiveness,and antisocial behaviour.
E)Men who show the greatest increases in heart rate were less inclined to drink regularly.

Question 40

Korsakoff's psychosis is a disease characterized by memory loss and a loss of contact with reality and results from

A)cardiomyopathy.
B)cell loss in the brain.
C)liver damage.
D)alcohol dependence.
E)severe malnutrition.

Question 41

Consistent with the notion of,Enrique finds that he usesheroin at home compared with then he is visiting the home of a new friend

A)tension reduction; less
B)behavioral tolerance; more
C)negative reinforcement; more
D)behavioral tolerance; less
E)tension reduction; more

Question 42

During the 1930s,amphetamines were developed as

A)a decongestant and asthma treatment.
B)treatment for hyperactive children.
C)a treatment for alcohol abuse.
D)a way to calm psychiatric patients.
E)a treatment for obesity.

Question 43

Addiction produced byis thought to be even greater than that produced by other addictive substances.

A)cocaine
B)heroin
C)caffeine
D)alcohol
E)tobacco

Question 44

The highest usage of tobacco occurs among those aged

A)20 to 24.
B)25 to 30.
C)36 to 40.
D)15 to 20.
E)30 to 35.

Question 45

Behavioural treatments such as the Community Reinforcement approach utilize which of the following strategies for treating alcoholism?

A)Enforcing controlled drinking
B)Teaching a family member or a friend to reinforce sobriety
C)Punishing the alcoholic with community work when he or she fails to abstain
D)Pairing alcohol with an unpleasant stimulus
E)Increasing communication between families and partners

Question 46

Of all the treatment approaches that have been empirically evaluated,has/have the strongest support.

A)behavioural treatment
B)mutual support groups
C)relapse prevention
D)pharmacotherapy
E)brief interventions

Question 47

One of the first drugs developed as a treatment for tension and anxiety was/were

A)benzodiazepines.
B)tranquilizers.
C)Valium.
D)barbituric acid.
E)barbiturates.

Question 48

Classical conditioning approaches to the treatment of alcoholism generally

A)focus on the thought and attitudes of alcoholics.
B)attempt to associate alcohol with unpleasant stimuli.
C)assume that alcoholism is a disease.
D)follow the philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous.
E)use contingency management.

Question 49

Stimulant drugs,such as nicotine,amphetamines,cocaine,and caffeine,achieve their effects by

A)increasing the heart rate and blood pressure.
B)decreasing the rate of dopamine and serotonin entering the brain.
C)increasing the availability of GABA and ACH to the nucleus accumbens.
D)increasing the availability of dopamine,serotonin,and norepinephrine to the nucleus accumbens.
E)influencing the rate of blood flow into the brain.

Question 50

In relapse prevention treatment,people are taught that a lapse is

A)an indication of a severe drinking problem that requires more intense therapy.
B)an indication of a brain abnormality underlying the problem.
C)a temporary occurrence brought on by a specific situation,from which a person can recover.
D)a sign that the addiction to alcohol is probably not treatable.
E)a failure to cope with the problems of alcoholism.

Question 51

When family members establish roles that are defined by the disordered substance use and their behaviour actually prevents changes in the abuse pattern,they are referred to as

A)scapegoats.
B)facilitators.
C)codependents.
D)enmeshed.
E)resistant.

Question 52

Thehypothesis,that drinking is reinforced by its ability to reduce unpleasant emotions has receivedsupport in the research literature.

A)tension reduction ; inconsistent
B)tension reduction ; strong
C)negative reinforcement ; inconsistent
D)negative reinforcement ; moderate
E)contingency-expectancy; modest

Question 53

Jennifer was taken to the hospital by her friends late Saturday night.She complained that she felt weak and nauseous,and when she was examined by the physician,her heartbeat was found to be irregular,her blood pressure was high,and her pupils were dilated.Apparently she had "taken something" at a party,but her friends didn't know what it was.It appears that she had taken

A)LSD.
B)sedatives.
C)benzodiazepines.
D)amphetamines.
E)barbiturates.

Question 54

Overall,results of psychological smoking cessation programs have been

A)mixed.
B)promising.
C)lacking.
D)not at all encouraging.
E)very encouraging.

Question 55

Interventions that involve the family of alcoholics generally target

A)the self-defeating thoughts and distorted beliefs espoused by the family.
B)communication and relationship roles.
C)how families may be causing relapses.
D)the effect of the abuser on other family members.
E)the amount of alcohol that everyone in the family drinks.

Question 56

At low doses,amphetamines causeand at very high doses,they result in

A)increased confidence; increased alertness
B)increased alertness; restlessness and anxiety
C)fatigue and sadness; brain damage
D)confusion; hyperactivity
E)feelings of exhilaration; toxic psychosis

Question 57

At low doses,barbiturates causebut with large doses they can cause

A)mild euphoria; lowered respiration,blood pressure,and heart rate
B)sleep; coma
C)relaxation of the diaphragm muscles; personality changes
D)slurred speech; mild euphoria
E)blurred vision; muscle paralysis

Question 58

Deri has been undergoing treatment for barbiturate abuse.The drug has been reduced very slowly for awhile now,and at this time his doctor is reducing it by 10% every day.Deri has begun to feel achy,depressed,anxious,and he is unable to fall asleep.His symptoms have been characterized as the

A)tolerance effect.
B)abstinence syndrome.
C)recurrent withdrawal syndrome.
D)treatment relapse.
E)dependency problem.

Question 59

Operant conditioning approaches to treatment of alcohol abuse are based on
And can be used with the goal(s)of.

A)aversion therapy ; complete abstinence
B)contingency management ; complete abstinence
C)contingency management ; complete abstinence or moderated drinking
D)differential reinforcement ; responsible drinking behavior
E)aversion therapy and differential reinforcement ; responsible drinking behavior

Question 60

Relapse prevention treatment focuses on

A)integrating medication,support groups,and contingency contracts to prevent relapse.
B)emphasizing the importance of controlled drinking as a means of preventing over- consumption of alcohol.
C)involving family members in the treatment to help prevent relapse.
D)offering time-limited and specific advice regarding the need to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption.
E)assisting the individual in changing his or her beliefs about drinking.

Question 61

At low doses,caffeine canand higher doses.

A)increase hunger; cause relieve tension
B)cause thirst; cause lack of appetite
C)increase attention; cause increased nervousness and insomnia
D)excessive talkativeness; improve problem-solving skills
E)cause headaches; cause drowsiness

Question 62

Why is treatment for stimulant addiction difficult?

A)Doctors are generally reluctant to treat sufferers of disordered substance use.
B)Stimulant users tend to use other drugs to counteract some of the effects of the stimulants,and become dependent on these drugs as well.
C)Stimulants are very addicting and it often takes many years to quit using them.
D)Psychological and biological treatments must be used in conjunction,never separately.
E)It is easier to treat those who are addicted to socially acceptable drugs.

Question 63

The immediate effect of heroin isat higher doses it results in

A)calming; pupil constriction
B)hyperactivity; paranoia
C)pleasurable; respiratory failure
D)nausea; coma
E)anxiety; euphoria

Question 64

A syndrome found in long-term cannabis users characterized by apathy,lack of pursuit of vocational goals,self-absorption,and detachment from family and friends is known as

A)cannabis sativa.
B)amotivational syndrome.
C)toxic psychosis.
D)abnormal cannabis reaction.
E)unusual dependency.

Question 65

Which of the following groups of drugs are found under the category "hallucinogens"?

A)cocaine,heroin,psychedelics
B)alcohol,LSD,magic mushrooms
C)mescaline,acid,marijuana
D)amphetamines,marijuana,alcohol
E)mescaline,LSD,psilocybin

Question 66

When Albert Hoffman was investigating ergot (a fungus which affects rye and wheat)in 1938,he accidentally discovered

A)hashish.
B)cocaine.
C)LSD.
D)mescaline.
E)psilocybin.

Question 67

The nausea and headache associated with a hangover result from the accumulation of acetylaldehyde.

Question 68

Which of the following groups of drugs belong to the opiate family?

A)morphine,heroin,methadone
B)morphine,nicotine,opium
C)caffiene,nicotine,and cocaine
D)codeine,benzoic acid,Demerol
E)heroin,cocaine,codeine

Question 69

Hallucinogens have aneffect on the CNS and mimic the effects of

A)excitatory; dopamine
B)inhibitory; serotonin
C)excitatory; epinephrine
D)excitatory; serotonin
E)inhibitory; dopamine

Question 70

Whereas it was once believed that marijuanaaddictive,recent evidence supports that marijuana use.

A)is mildly ; does not result in dependence or withdrawal
B)is strongly ; results in withdrawal only for susceptible persons
C)is not ; results in mild dependence and withdrawal symptoms
D)is not ; results in severe dependence and withdrawal symptoms
E)is mildly ; can result in severe dependence and/or withdrawal symptoms

Question 71

There has been an increase in the consumption of alcohol in Canada in 2003-2004 since 1994.

Question 72

The First Nations and Inuit Community and Youth Solvent Abuse Survey indicated that 1 in 5 Aboriginal youth had used solvents.

Question 73

In small amounts,cocaine produces,while high doses lead to

A)anger and aggression; toxic psychosis
B)feelings of confidence; brain damage
C)feelings of euphoria and well-being; overstimulation of the CNS
D)understimulation of the CNS; anger and aggression
E)no effects; mood swings and insomnia

Question 74

Which of the following negative side effects occur due to hallucinogen use?

A)flashbacks
B)amotivational syndrome
C)recurrent headaches
D)respiratory problems
E)high blood pressure

Question 75

Canada's Low Risk Drinking Guidelines recommend no more than 6 drinks (at any one time)for women,and 8 drinks for men.

Question 76

Opioids,known as exogenous opiates,tend to mimic the effects of

A)serotonin.
B)depressants.
C)dopamine.
D)stimulants.
E)the body's natural painkillers.

Question 77

If your blood alcohol level (BAL)is .08 percent,it means that there are 8 mg of alcohol in 100 mg of blood.

Question 78

The most commonly used and most widely available illicit drug in Canada is

A)speed.
B)marijuana.
C)cocaine.
D)heroin.
E)alcohol.

Question 79

Research has shown that impairment of control (over substance use)is better understood as a categorical loss of control.

Question 80

With relatively small doses of cannabis,most users report

A)sexual arousal.
B)feelings of tension and anxiety.
C)paranoia.
D)hallucinations.
E)a feeling of euphoria and sociability.