Deck 2: Beginnings of English America,1607-1660

Question 1

In regard to geography,English colonies:

A) did not have good land for farming.
B) were in colder climates than Spanish colonies.
C) benefited from harbors on the Gulf of Mexico.
D) had very little coastline.
E) had virtually no water for irrigation of crops.

Answer 1

were in colder climates than Spanish colonies.

Question 2

The 104 settlers who remained in Virginia after the ships that brought them from England returned home:

A) were all men,reflecting the Virginia Company's interest in searching for gold as opposed to building a functioning society.
B) included women and children,because the Virginia Company realized that a stable society would improve the settlers' chances of success,economic and otherwise.
C) included representatives of several other countries,part of England's effort to build a strong network of supporters in case of Spanish attack.
D) built the second permanent British settlement in North America after Roanoke.
E) were only half of those who originally set sail; the rest turned around and went back.

Answer 2

were all men,reflecting the Virginia Company's interest in searching for gold as opposed to building a functioning society.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of Queen Mary of England,who reigned from 1553 to 1558?

A) She ascended to the throne immediately after a long period of civil war and successfully unified the nation.
B) Her refusal to marry led to her designation as "the Virgin Queen," after whom Virginia was named.
C) When the Pope refused to allow her to divorce her French royal husband,she founded an independent Church of England.
D) She temporarily restored Catholicism as the state religion of England.
E) Under her authority,colonists established the first permanent English settlement in North America.

Answer 3

She temporarily restored Catholicism as the state religion of England.

Question 4

The Half-Way Covenant of 1662 addressed:

A) separation of church and state.
B) freedom of religion.
C) Native American relations.
D) generational conflicts.
E) business relations.

Question 5

Why did King Henry VIII break from the Catholic Church?

A) The Pope had banned England from exploring the New World because the Church already had limited land ownership there to Spain and Portugal.
B) He wanted a divorce,and the Pope refused to grant it.
C) He was trying to unify Great Britain.
D) He wanted to be pope,and the College of Cardinals refused to elect an English Catholic.
E) He thought the Catholic Church was corrupt,and he wanted to protect the English people from its abuses.

Question 6

Religious dissension in England during the first half of the seventeenth century resulted in:

A) a civil war.
B) war with Spain.
C) the pope visiting the monarchy in London.
D) England not focusing on the monarchy.
E) Henry VIII restoring Catholicism.

Question 7

In 1607,the colonists who sailed to Jamestown on three small ships:

A) were funded entirely by the queen's government.
B) chose an inland site partly to avoid the possibility of attack by Spanish warships.
C) were officers and sailors in the British Royal Navy.
D) built a colony at Cape Henry in the mouth of Chesapeake Bay.
E) were members of Puritan congregations in search of religious freedom.

Question 8

Which of the following lists these colonies in the proper chronological order by the dates they were founded,from the earliest to the latest?

A) Plymouth,Jamestown,Massachusetts Bay,Rhode Island.
B) Plymouth,Massachusetts Bay,Rhode Island,Jamestown.
C) Jamestown,Massachusetts Bay,Plymouth,Rhode Island.
D) Massachusetts Bay,Plymouth,Rhode Island,Jamestown.
E) Jamestown,Plymouth,Massachusetts Bay,Rhode Island.

Question 9

When comparing the Chesapeake colonies to the New England settlements:

A) Virginia emphasized religion.
B) New England had much more peaceful relations with the Native Americans.
C) tobacco grew better in New England.
D) there were more indentured servants in the Chesapeake region.
E) in the beginning,Virginia had more women.

Question 10

Compared to the Chesapeake colonies,New England had more economic equality because it had more:

A) cash crops.
B) timber.
C) landowners.
D) slaves.
E) religious toleration.

Question 11

For Native Americans along the Atlantic Coast,disease and:

A) European religion significantly transformed their societies.
B) environmental factors dramatically altered their way of life.
C) trade contradicted each other.
D) Spanish incursions into the Chesapeake significantly altered their lives.
E) English mining altered the landscape.

Question 12

As the sixteenth century progressed in New England,the growing commerce:

A) brought religious and economic values into conflict.
B) increased church attendance.
C) led to better relations between the English and the Native Americans.
D) made the church elders the wealthiest people in society.
E) resulted in new cash crops.

Question 13

________ describes best the actions of the Puritan leaders in Massachusetts Bay.

A) Fair-minded
B) Loving
C) Irreligious
D) Lazy
E) Intolerant

Question 14

At the heart of the English Civil War was:

A) which family would rule the English throne.
B) whether Puritans should separate from the Church of England.
C) who should control the colonies in the New World.
D) whether England should be an ally of Spain.
E) a question of sovereignty in who would make decisions for the government.

Question 15

Who was most likely to build the best relationships with the Native Americans?

A) Puritans.
B) Jamestown settlers.
C) Connecticut settlers.
D) Pilgrims.
E) John Winthrop.

Question 16

The separation of church and state in Massachusetts during the seventeenth century:

A) was strictly enforced.
B) was similar to Virginia's colonial government.
C) is similar to the way the government is conducted in today's United States.
D) does not resemble today's U.S.government.
E) was influenced by the Dutch colonies.

Question 17

The Virginia Company can be called a failure primarily because:

A) it ultimately did not make money.
B) Jamestown suffered Native American attacks.
C) Pocahontas died in England.
D) King James criticized tobacco.
E) Spain gained control of the company's colony.

Question 18

When comparing English colonies to Spanish ones:

A) only Spain was interested in finding gold.
B) England used Native Americans more for labor.
C) England sent more people to the Americas in the seventeenth century.
D) Spain relied much more on indentured servant labor.
E) only England was interested in converting the Native Americans.

Question 19

Who would most admire today's America with its constitutional protections of equal rights for all?

A) Puritans.
B) Levellers.
C) Stuart kings.
D) John Winthrop.
E) John Smith.

Question 20

Anne Hutchinson's trial demonstrated that:

A) she wanted to be a church elder.
B) God spoke directly to the church elders.
C) she wanted to give the Native Americans land.
D) she wanted to lead a group of settlers to Connecticut.
E) church elders lacked tolerance.

Question 21

In England,the idea of working for wages:

A) was so dishonorable that many refused to accept money for their work and instead received food and shelter.
B) was associated with servility and the loss of liberty.
C) was romanticized in ballads and tales.
D) meant true freedom.
E) grew more popular among the poor during the sixteenth century.

Question 22

During the reign of ________,the English government turned its attention to North America by granting charters to Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh for the establishment of colonies there.

A) Henry VIII
B) Mary I
C) James I
D) James II
E) Elizabeth I

Question 23

During the seventeenth century,indentured servants:

A) made up less than one-third of English settlers in America.
B) had to surrender their freedom for a minimum of ten years to come to the colonies.
C) had a great deal of trouble acquiring land.
D) had to pay half of the fare to get them to the New World.
E) were almost entirely Irish.

Question 24

Who received most of the profits from trade between Native Americans and colonists?

A) Native Americans.
B) English soldiers.
C) Colonial and European merchants.
D) The king.
E) Parliament.

Question 25

Why did England consider Spain its enemy by the late 1500s?

A) Because of religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church,while Spain was devoutly Catholic.
B) Because of the Spanish Armada's successful invasion of Great Britain in 1588.
C) Because Spain had allied with France to invade English colonies in the New World.
D) Because one of Henry VIII's beheaded wives was a Spanish princess,and the Spanish government announced it would be at war with England until Henry apologized.
E) Because both the English and Spanish royal families laid claim to the Irish throne.

Question 26

Of the half million people who left England between 1607 and 1700,which area in the Western Hemisphere received the most settlers?

A) Ireland.
B) Chesapeake region.
C) West Indies.
D) New England.
E) Middle Colonies.

Question 27

In regard to geography,English colonies:

A) did not have good land for farming.
B) were in colder climates than Spanish colonies.
C) benefited from harbors on the Gulf of Mexico.
D) had very little coastline.
E) had virtually no water for irrigation of crops.

Question 28

What was a key difference between indentured servants from England and slaves from Africa?

A) Indentured servants never changed owners.
B) After giving birth,indentured servant women had to give up the child to the owner.
C) The indentured servants could freely choose their spouse.
D) Three-quarters of indentured servants escaped to another colony and found permanent freedom.
E) Most indentured servants voluntarily came to the colonies.

Question 29

Just as the reconquest of Spain from the Moors established patterns that would be repeated in Spanish New World colonization,the methods used in which of the following countries anticipated policies England would undertake in America?

A) Ireland.
B) India.
C) China.
D) Scotland.
E) Wales.

Question 30

Which English group did the most to reshape Native American society and culture in the seventeenth century?

A) Traders.
B) Religious missionaries.
C) Colonial authorities.
D) Settlers farming the land.
E) The Royal Geographical Society.

Question 31

Most seventeenth-century migrants to North America from England:

A) arrived with other members of their families.
B) were single,middle-class men.
C) were lower-class men.
D) had been released from debtors' prisons.
E) sought to escape the Black Death then ravaging England.

Question 32

Why did Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh fail in their attempts to colonize the New World?

A) The government provided insufficient financial support.
B) They were more interested in agriculture than in trade,and they chose areas without good farmland.
C) They tried to set up colonies on the coast of Florida,and the Spanish fought off their attempts.
D) Native Americans attacked the settlers,driving them from the land.
E) They tried to mingle Protestants and Catholics,who were unable to get along.

Question 33

In regard to conflicts,which European power was most thorough at removing Indians from the land?

A) Portugal.
B) Spain.
C) England.
D) France.
E) Netherlands.

Question 34

Intermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia:

A) began with the wedding of John Smith and Pocahontas.
B) was common.
C) was very rare before being outlawed by the Virginia legislature in 1691.
D) created a mixed race of Native Americans who often wound up enslaved.
E) produced a member of a British royal family who became an Indian chief.

Question 35

As a result of British landowners evicting peasants from their lands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries:

A) there was an increase in the number of jobless peasants,whom the British government aided with an early form of welfare.
B) efforts were made to persuade or even force those who had been evicted to settle in the New World,thereby easing the British population crisis.
C) mass numbers of peasants converted from Protestantism to Catholicism,because the Catholic Church took better care of the poor.
D) there was a sharp reduction in the number of sheep and other livestock.
E) the spread of the Black Plague decreased because of the elimination of cramped living quarters.

Question 36

What role did the "enclosure" movement play in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England?

A) It created a crisis where many people had no way to make a living.
B) Queen Mary's failure to address the problem helped lead to her overthrow.
C) Spain reacted by launching an invasion of England.
D) Poverty rates were worse in New England than England.
E) The problem was such a crisis that Henry VIII authorized judges to order the jobless to work.

Question 37

How did indentured servants display a fondness for freedom?

A) They became abolitionists,fighting to end slavery in British North America.
B) Some of them ran away or were disobedient to their masters.
C) They sent letters home telling their fellow Englishmen that the American colonies offered special opportunities for freedom.
D) They insisted on their right to serve in the militia,because they believed in the right to bear arms.
E) They published pamphlets criticizing their masters,displaying their love of free speech.

Question 38

When comparing English colonies to Spanish ones:

A) only Spain was interested in finding gold.
B) England used Native Americans more for labor.
C) England sent more people to the Americas in the seventeenth century.
D) Spain relied much more on indentured servant labor.
E) only England was interested in converting the Native Americans.

Question 39

Which of the following best describes how the English viewed Native American ties to the land?

A) Although they felt the natives had no claim since they did not cultivate or improve the land,the English usually bought their land,albeit through treaties they forced on Indians.
B) They simply tried to wipe out Native Americans and then took their land.
C) They encouraged settlers to move onto Native American land and take it.
D) They totally respected those ties and let the natives stay in all rural areas,negotiating settlements to obtain the coastal lands.
E) The English offered natives the chance to remain on the land as slaves and,when this offer was declined,forced them off of it.

Question 40

How did Richard Hakluyt explain his claim that there was a connection between freedom and colonization?

A) The English constitutional system would improve on Spain's less structured system in the New World.
B) English colonization would save the New World from Spanish tyranny.
C) The only way to achieve true freedom was through wealth,and the abundant gold in the New World would make all Englishmen wealthy.
D) A person was only truly free when outside the constraints of established societies such as those in Europe.
E) He claimed no such connection; he saw them as separate and unrelated.

Question 41

To solidify control of Virginia,what did the English do?

A) They sold land and slaves to the Indians.
B) They murdered Powhatan and Pocahontas.
C) They turned Virginia into a royal colony and banned all private sales of tobacco.
D) They enslaved the majority of Indians and brought back John Smith as governor in the 1640s.
E) They put the colony under the control of the crown.

Question 42

Maryland's founder,Cecilius Calvert:

A) wanted Maryland to be like a feudal domain,with power limited for ordinary people.
B) supported total religious freedom for all of the colony's inhabitants.
C) gave a great deal of power to the elected assembly but not to the royal governor.
D) lost ownership of the colony and died a pauper.
E) actually hated Catholics,which is why he set up a colony for them in a swamp.

Question 43

What was at the center of the religious doctrine of John Calvin?

A) The Catholic Church needed to stop using the sale of indulgences.
B) The hierarchy of the congregation started from the top down.
C) Conversion of Indians must be emphasized.
D) It was predetermined by God who was going to receive salvation.
E) Performing good works on a consistent basis was the only clear path to heaven.

Question 44

It can be argued that conflict between the English settlers and local Indians in Virginia became inevitable when:

A) the Native Americans realized that England wanted to establish a permanent and constantly expanding colony,not just a trading post.
B) Pocahontas married John Rolfe.
C) the House of Burgesses passed a law ordering Native Americans out of the colony.
D) Powhatan led an attack against the English settlers in 1644.
E) Spain formed a military alliance with Powhatan.

Question 45

How did the Virginia Company reshape the colony's development?

A) It instituted the headright system,giving fifty acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another's passage.
B) It fired John Smith and brought in a more popular leader.
C) It gave control back to the king,who straightened out its problems.
D) It required all settlers to grow tobacco,a highly profitable crop.
E) It created an executive committee that really ran the colony and a committee of colonists who thought they were running it.

Question 46

Why was the death rate in early Jamestown incredibly high?

A) It lay beside a malarial swamp.
B) The ample food was full of botulism.
C) It was not high; most of the colonists survived.
D) Constant Native American attacks decimated the population.
E) Many of the colonists committed suicide.

Question 47

Which of the following is true of the Puritans of the seventeenth century?

A) They were completely unified on all issues.
B) They agreed that the Church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its rituals and doctrines.
C) They differed completely with the views of the Church of England.
D) They came to the colonies because they had no hope of holding any power in England.
E) John Winthrop founded the church.

Question 48

Tobacco production in Virginia:

A) enriched an emerging class of planters and certain members of the colonial government.
B) benefited from the endorsement of King James I.
C) declined after its original success,as Europeans learned the dangers of smoking.
D) resulted in more unified settlements,thanks to tobacco's propensity to grow only in certain areas of Virginia.
E) was under the control of two planters,Walter Raleigh and the Earl of Kent.

Question 49

The Virginia House of Burgesses:

A) was dissolved by King James because he objected to all representative government.
B) was created as part of the Virginia Company's effort to encourage the colony's survival.
C) banned the importation of servants.
D) had more power than the governor.
E) was included in the original charter for the Jamestown Colony.

Question 50

For Native Americans along the Atlantic Coast,disease and:

A) European religion significantly transformed their societies.
B) environmental factors dramatically altered their way of life.
C) trade contradicted each other.
D) Spanish incursions into the Chesapeake significantly altered their lives.
E) English mining altered the landscape.

Question 51

Opechancanough:

A) emphasized peaceful relations with the English colonists in Virginia.
B) was responsible for his brother Powhatan's death.
C) killed John Smith.
D) mounted a surprise attack against Plymouth in the 1620s.
E) opposed through violence English settlement of Virginia.

Question 52

Maryland was established as a refuge for which group?

A) Quakers.
B) Puritans.
C) Pilgrims.
D) Native Americans.
E) Catholics.

Question 53

How did Pocahontas play a key role in Jamestown society?

A) She served as an intermediary between Powhatan and English leaders.
B) Her marriage to John Rolfe led to many more interracial marriages between Indians and the English.
C) She was denied entry to James I's court.
D) She caused King James I to denounce John Rolfe.
E) Her conversion to Christianity led to the majority of people in her village switching to the Church of England.

Question 54

What was Virginia's "gold," which ensured its survival and prosperity?

A) Cotton.
B) Fur.
C) Tobacco.
D) Indigo.
E) Sugar.

Question 55

When comparing the Chesapeake colonies to the New England settlements:

A) Virginia emphasized religion.
B) New England had much more peaceful relations with the Native Americans.
C) tobacco grew better in New England.
D) there were more indentured servants in the Chesapeake region.
E) in the beginning,Virginia had more women.

Question 56

The Virginia Company can be called a failure primarily because:

A) it ultimately did not make money.
B) Jamestown suffered Native American attacks.
C) Pocahontas died in England.
D) King James criticized tobacco.
E) Spain gained control of the company's colony.

Question 57

Maryland was similar to Virginia in that:

A) both started out as proprietary colonies.
B) tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society.
C) John Smith had to take over the colony and organize its settlers to work.
D) both offered settlers total religious freedom.
E) the king approved the creation of each colony only because of pressure from Parliament.

Question 58

As leader of the Jamestown Colony,John Smith:

A) was a failure and had to return to England.
B) improved relations with Native Americans by marrying Pocahontas.
C) used rigorous military discipline to hold the colony together.
D) used an elaborate reward system to persuade colonists to work.
E) set up the first representative assembly in the New World.

Question 59

Why did many women in Virginia not start a family until their mid-twenties?

A) Women mostly came to Virginia as indentured servants.
B) Women were busy running the family business.
C) Women outnumbered men,so they had a difficult time finding a husband.
D) Women focused on doing work for the church.
E) Women and men were not together often due to men fighting in wars with Indians.

Question 60

The Native American leader Powhatan:

A) tried to avoid trade with the colonists because he believed it would destroy Native American culture.
B) managed to consolidate control over some thirty nearby tribes.
C) was the brother of Pocahontas.
D) invited the colonists to feasts with his tribe and then slaughtered eighty Virginia settlers.
E) won the respect of the colonists when he defeated John Smith in a wrestling match.

Question 61

Puritans viewed individual and personal freedom as:

A) good,because Massachusetts Bay leaders welcomed debate over religion.
B) dangerous to social harmony and community stability.
C) important,but they banned neighbors from reporting on one another,because that would breed division that could harm the community.
D) vital,because they had been discouraged from enjoying these back in England.
E) dangerous to the individual but good for the community.

Question 62

Anne Hutchinson:

A) was no threat to the Puritan establishment because women were so clearly considered inferior.
B) angered Puritan authorities by supporting the claims of Roger Williams.
C) engaged in Antinomianism,a sexual practice that the Puritans considered threatening to traditional gender relations.
D) opposed Puritan ministers who distinguished saints from the damned through church attendance and moral behavior rather than through focusing on an inner state of grace.
E) would have been left alone if she had not also run for a seat in the General Court.

Question 63

When Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island:

A) he required voters there to be members of a Puritan church.
B) the king refused to give it a charter,and it remained a renegade colony until Williams died.
C) he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay.
D) he felt that too much democracy would be bad because it might interfere with religious freedom.
E) the colony became a haven for Protestants of all kinds,but it banned Jews.

Question 64

The minister Thomas Hooker:

A) wanted the separation of church and state in Rhode Island.
B) was the first governor of Massachusetts.
C) agreed with Anne Hutchinson's challenges to the Puritan church elders.
D) pointed the way to the rock on shore that Plymouth Colony was founded on.
E) expanded the amount of men who could vote in Connecticut.

Question 65

The separation of church and state in Massachusetts during the seventeenth century:

A) was strictly enforced.
B) was similar to Virginia's colonial government.
C) is similar to the way the government is conducted in today's United States.
D) does not resemble today's U.S.society.
E) was influenced by the Dutch colonies.

Question 66

Roger Williams argued that:

A) church and state must be totally separated.
B) Puritans must stay in the Church of England and reform it.
C) religious wars were necessary to protect not only religion,but also freedom.
D) Puritans were on a divine mission to spread the true faith.
E) only John Winthrop was capable of explaining the word of God.

Question 67

Why did Puritans decide to emigrate from England in the late 1620s and 1630s?

A) Because so many of them had become separatists,they had to leave England to save their church.
B) Charles I had started supporting them,creating conflicts with Catholic nobles.
C) The Church of England was firing their ministers and censoring their writings.
D) Puritan leader John Winthrop wanted a high-level position,and leaving England was the only way for him to get it.
E) The Poor Law of 1623 banned non-Catholics from receiving government aid.

Question 68

Where in the Americas did the Pilgrims originally plan to go?

A) New Netherland.
B) Plymouth Rock.
C) Boston.
D) Virginia.
E) Pennsylvania.

Question 69

In contrast to the Chesapeake region,the population in New England:

A) did not stress family-based activities.
B) focused on rice and tobacco.
C) grew rapidly because of healthier surroundings.
D) included even fewer women.
E) was not as deeply religious.

Question 70

The Mayflower Compact established:

A) religious toleration and freedom in Massachusetts.
B) the right to emigrate to America.
C) a company chartered to settle New England.
D) a civil government for Plymouth Colony.
E) peaceful relations between English colonists and Indians in Rhode Island.

Question 71

In early seventeenth-century Massachusetts,freeman status was granted to adult males who:

A) owned land,regardless of their church membership.
B) had served their term as indentured servants.
C) were freed slaves.
D) were landowning church members.
E) voted.

Question 72

What benefited the Pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth?

A) They met a Native American,Opechancanough,who helped them.
B) It was the late spring,so it was planting season.
C) Native Americans,decimated by disease,had left behind cleared fields for farming.
D) The local Indian leader considered the English to be divine.
E) John Smith arrived to help organize them.

Question 73

How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state?

A) They were so determined to keep them apart that they banned ministers from holding office,fearing that they would enact proreligious legislation.
B) They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister.
C) The Massachusetts Bay Colony endorsed the Puritan faith but allowed anyone the freedom to practice or not practice religion.
D) They had never even heard of the concept.
E) They invented the concept but refused to indulge in it.

Question 74

The Massachusetts General Court:

A) reflected the Puritans' desire to govern the colony without outside interference.
B) was chosen by the king.
C) was chosen by the governor.
D) ruled the colony from its beginnings in 1630.
E) by law had to consist of a majority of Puritan judges.

Question 75

In Puritan marriages:

A) reciprocal affection and companionship were the ideal.
B) divorce was not allowed.
C) husbands could beat their wives without interference from the authorities.
D) wives were banned from attending church because they might end up disagreeing with how their husbands interpreted the sermon.
E) women could speak only when spoken to.

Question 76

The Puritans believed that male authority in the household was:

A) an outdated idea.
B) to be unquestioned.
C) so absolute that a husband could order the murder of his wife.
D) not supposed to resemble God's authority in any way,because that would be blasphemous.
E) limited only by the number of children-the more,the better.

Question 77

Who was most likely to build the best relationships with the Native Americans?

A) Puritans.
B) Jamestown settlers.
C) Connecticut settlers.
D) Pilgrims.
E) John Winthrop.

Question 78

________ described best the actions of the Puritan leaders in Massachusetts Bay.

A) Fair-minded
B) Loving
C) Irreligious
D) Lazy
E) Intolerant

Question 79

In what way was Puritan church membership a restrictive status?

A) Only those who could prove they had received formal education could be members,because the ability to read and discuss sermons was so highly valued.
B) Although all adult male property owners elected colonial officials,only men who were full church members could vote in local elections.
C) Only property owners could be full members of the church.
D) Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace.
E) Full membership required that one's parents and grandparents had been church members.

Question 80

What was Puritan leader and Massachusetts Bay governor John Winthrop's attitude toward liberty?

A) He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty,the ability to do evil,and moral liberty,the ability to do good.
B) He saw two kinds of liberty: negative liberty,the restricting of freedoms for the sake of others,and positive liberty,the assuring of rights through a constitution.
C) He believed that individual rights took precedence over the rights of the community.
D) He believed in a dictatorship,with only himself in charge of it.
E) He believed "liberty" had a religious but not a political meaning.