Deck 1: Introduction to Nutrition for Health, Fitness, and Sports Performance

Question 1

Which group of athletes is most likely to suffer from nutritional inadequacies?

A) male baseball players
B) female gymnasts
C) male tennis players
D) female basketball players
E) male football players

Answer 1

The football players, basketball players, wrestler's baseball players, tennis and gold players generally do not try to maintain a thin body shape intentionally because it negatively affects their energy levels and performance. So, the chances of nutritional inadequacy or deficiency is less these players.
Thus, the options (a), (c), (d) and (e) are incorrect.
Anorexia nervosa  is an eating disorder. It simply referred as Anorexia, which means "lack of appetite." People with this disorder don't eat because they fear of becoming fatty. Due to decreased food intake, the intestinal musculature undergoes atrophy and the digestive capabilities decrease.
"Anorexia" can be more prevalent in female ballet and gymnastics sports people as their thin body shape favor the performance. Anorexia results in nutritional inadequacy. These sports women are also susceptible to amenorrhea due to low body fat.
Thus, the correct option is,

Question 2

Based on recent recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association relative to exercise and health benefits for adults, which of the following statements is false?

A) Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise should be done for a minimum of 30 minutes daily on 5 days each week.
B) Vigorous-intensity exercise may be done for a minimum of 20 minutes on 3 days each week.
C) Each daily exercise bout of aerobic exercise may be done continuously or in smaller segments, such as three 10-minute bouts.
D) In general, more is better, as exceeding the minimum recommended amounts of exercise may provide additional health benefits.
E) Resistance exercise, including exercises for the major muscle groups in the body, is recommended at least 5, and preferably 7, days per week.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding ergogenic aids is false?

A) They are designed to enhance sports performance.
B) Use of any aid that enhances sport performance is illegal and is grounds for disqualification.
C) Although most nutritional ergogenics are safe, some dietary supplements pose significant health risks.
D) Endorsement of a nutritional ergogenic by a professional athlete does not necessarily mean that it is effective as advertised.
E) Some nutritional supplements marketed as ergogenics may contain prohibited drugs.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In an experimental study to evaluate the effect of creatine supplementation on muscular power for sport, which of the following would not be considered acceptable for the research methodology to be followed in the conduct of the study?

A) Use well-trained power sport athletes.
B) Use a double-blind protocol.
C) Use a placebo control group.
D) Use a sport-related performance task.
E) Use caffeine as the placebo.

Question 5

A meta-analysis is

A) an ergogenic aid for mathematicians.
B) a technique to evaluate the presence of drug metabolites in athletes.
C) a statistical evaluation of a collection of studies in order to derive a conclusion.
D) an evaluation of the daily metabolic rate.
E) an analytical technique to evaluate biomechanics in athletes.

Question 6

Describe the possible mechanisms whereby exercise may enhance health status, and list at least eight of the potential health benefits of a regular, comprehensive exercise program.

Question 7

Which of the following would not be regarded as unstructured physical activity, sometimes referred to as activities of daily living?

A) gardening
B) housework
C) jogging
D) leisurely walking
E) driving the car

Question 8

Name and describe the various principles of exercise.

Question 9

Which basic principle of exercise training is associated with the concept that cardiovascular-respiratory training will enhance adaptations primarily in the heart whereas resistance training will enhance adaptations primarily in the skeletal muscles?

A) overuse
B) overload
C) specificity
D) progression
E) reversibility

Question 10

Define the term sports nutrition and explain how appropriate eating strategies may enhance sports performance.

Question 11

Increased levels of both aerobic and musculoskeletal fitness through physical activity may produce numerous health benefits. Which of the following is least likely to occur from a combined aerobic and resistance exercise training program?

A) prevention of heart disease
B) building of bone density
C) prevention of weight gain
D) prevention of type 1 diabetes
E) improvement of life expectancy

Question 12

List at least five guideline questions one may use to evaluate advertised claims for nutritional supplements.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a recommended dietary guideline associated with the Prudent Healthy Diet?

A) Maintain a healthy body weight.
B) Eat a variety of wholesome, natural foods.
C) Choose a diet with plenty of simple, refined carbohydrates.
D) Abstain from alcohol if you are pregnant.
E) Choose a diet low in saturated fat.

Question 14

Differentiate between epidemiological research and experimental research, discussing the protocols used in each and the pros and cons of each.

Question 15

Poor nutrition may contribute to the development of numerous chronic diseases. For example, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease are most associated with which of the following nutritional problems?

A) diets rich in vitamins and minerals
B) diets rich in dietary fiber
C) diets rich in fat and Calories
D) diets rich in complex carbohydrates
E) diets rich in plant proteins